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When I read about situated cognition, I saw that cognitive constructivism, social constructivism and situated cognition are the same in manner that all reject objectivist point of view to teaching. However, since they are three different theories, I wonder what makes them different from each other.  I encountered this article in which differences are well emphasized. According to the article: Cognitive constructivism says that people learn by building on their previous experiences with the environment. Since individuals have different history of experiences, same type of didactic teaching is not effective. Cognitive constructivism focuses on mainly individual. Social constructivism purports that knowledge are co-constructed by members of groups from different cultural backgrounds and learning environments should foster collaborative learning. Social constructivism mainly focuses on groups rather than individuals. Situated cognition, on the other hand, suggests that regardless of the fact that concepts are handled as individuals or as groups, if those concepts are not taught within their actual-natural context, learning of those concepts are meaningless and inert. Situated cognition mainly focuses on the context.

Situated cognition theory

I like this website; it gives the connection between situated learning and current educational necessities like modeling, scaffolding. In the class, these are expected from us and it really helps students visualize the target point. Thank you for sharing it with us.

There are many theories in this page that we should be interested in in this page as learning sciences students. An example of two groundbreaking research results in learning sciences is (1) Entwistle's Phenomenography theory This conceptual framework focuses on the experience of learning from the student's perspective and is based upon a phenomenological approach to research. Entwistle explains: "Our task is thus to describe more clearly how learning takes place in higher education and to point out how teaching and assessment affect the quality of learning. From these descriptions teachers should be able to draw their own lessons about how to facilitate their students' learning" (Marton, Hounsell & Entwistle, 1984, p.1). (2) Festinger's Cognitive Dissonance Theory According to cognitive dissonance theory, there is a tendency for individuals to seek consistency among their cognitions (i.e., beliefs, opinions). When there is an inconsistency between attitudes or behaviors (dissonance), something must change to eliminate the dissonance. In the case of a discrepancy between attitudes and behavior, it is most likely that the attitude will change to accommodate the behavior.

SJTs have long history of being used for measuring situated cognition; they have been used from 1920's(McDaniel, et. al., 2001). Although SJT has been originated from the conception of measuring dimensions, it has been viewed as a measurement method(e.g., McDaniel, et. al., 2001; Weekly & Jones, 1999) because it has been difficult to delineate the dimensions and situations. The situations represented by scenarios in SJTs are viewed as method from psychometric sense, meaning that situation effect, scenario effect, or method effect are all interchangeable.

This source brings a focus to our readings I think; the assessment part. The example was partly hard for me to follow I have to say,I kinda got lost :) But I found the idea of the togetherness of knowledge dimensions and situational scenarios as methods. Thank you sharing

Canan, you are completely right about the sample SJT for situated cognition. I still try to figure out..But I can share a very easy form of SJT.

When situated learning theory (SLT) is investigated, it can be seen that most of the articles or documents mention learning by doing within an actual context. The first thing that comes to mind is the real world environment while someone mentions the SLT. What if we want to form a "legitimate peripheral participation" environment to learn a concept by the boundaries of online platforms? How can we design online platforms by using situated learning theory?

"Participation Learning becomes a social process dependent upon transactions with others. Learning is not separated from the world of action but exists in robust, complex, social environments made up of actors, actions, and situations. How to incorporate participation in online learning? *Create discussion boards to enable students to reflect socially *Encourage engagement in discussions and issues presented *Require students to present/defend their arguments in forums, discussion groups, bulletin boards *Encourage students to engage in critical reflection with other *Instructors should continually assess the growth of the student, and let the student know " These are the principles applied in our 542 course. We are experiencing situated cognition in progress.

A naval perspective of situated cognition for decision makers take the right action at the war theater.

This extension or maybe a different application of situated cognition interesting to check out. As far as I understand the model has been used in different military settings and they still offer more alternative usages of it.

thank you pınar for sharing this source it will help us to find relationship of situated cognition with the others :)

This video is similar to Sibel's but there are some different examples. Here are some interesting points; Jean Lave argues that situated learning does not need to be authentic always because there is algebra. Also she says that the situation must have cognitive complexity. She points that social networks can be used to enable learning environment.

It was an informing video about the basics of situated cognition, I wish that whole essays can be transformed into videos :) It was nice to support with perssonal experiencec with theory

A case study in situated learning

This is a nice little newsletter that mentions some characteristics of situated learning. Some resources on situated learning and its usage in learning environments are offered !

Firstly, it was a nice source to read, thanks for sharing it. I agree with you time concerns, teacher and student charateristics are prominent to implement the principles of situated learning in practice. It is really difficult to create authentic learning environment in our classes under the stess of keeping up with the curriculum which is based on traditional theories of learning. Thus, it is the work of the curriculum specialists to revise the curricula to be more in line with the improvements in the field of learning sciences.

There is a case study which I really advise you to look at it. It is about a political course in which they took a government's problem about content and design of websites. He says "given all the considerations at work in municipal government, the students will decide how the power of the web can best be brought to bear on making government work better."

The link is to an interview with Etienne Wenger, who is an educational theorist and practitioner, best known for his formulation (with Jean Lave) of the theory of situated cognition and his more recent work in the field of communities of practice. There are various questions in the interview and can help us understand in detail.

I have seen this post when I was searching for how can interaction with peers contribute to learning maths. It is written by ROBERT SUN who is the CEO of Suntex International and inventor of First In Math, an online program designed for deep practice in mathematics. The things that are mentioned felt very similar with our country's situation actually, as learners how do we use concepts of maths (or any other courses) except from school? May be the first reason for our students cannot learn and hate maths is behind this question.

"Teachers can encourage their students to express themselves verbally using mathematical terms; even in the early grades, children can be asked to explain what they want or mean using numbers, or relationships between numbers. Anything that encourages them to talk about math and mathematical concepts is beneficial." Social math!. It looks like article emphasizes the importance of language in information exchange. It reminds me Vygotsky's socio-cultural theory in which he also believed that language is important for learning. He also purported that language is culture-dependent so each cultures' learning may be different from each other. In addition, providing opportunity to students to express themselves verbally can give us clues about current mental maps of students as to a specific topic (what is correct, what needs improvement, etc.). In addition, students can transfer their transformed ideas (ideas transformed from scholarly language to level-appropriate language) to their friends which can facilitate their learning.

Yasin, I am curious to hear about some of the contemporary approaches towards teaching Math, a subject generally taught with more traditional methods. Regarding mathphobia, we also need to think about the culture that stimulates that.

This video is about how an expert can lead the novice through learning process

Allan Collins is a retired professor of Education and Social Policy at Northwestern University and best known in psychology for his work on semantic memory and plausible reasoning, in artificial intelligence for his work on reasoning and intelligent tutoring systems, and in education for his work on situated learning, inquiry teaching, epistemic forms and games, design research, and cognitive apprenticeship. His famous work with the co-author Richard Halverson is "Rethinking Education in the Age of Technology: The Digital Revolution and Schooling in America" that was published in 2009. I have put the link to download the article presenting a summary of the contents of the book written by Collins and Halverson.

Here is a list of his publications and books: http://allancollins.northwestern.edu/pubs-more.html http://allancollins.northwestern.edu/books.html

Yelda, I am really happy to meet such a study and really curious about reading this paper. As you know, I am interested in technology in education. Therefore, it will be my basic reading. Thanks for your sharing.

Here is the animated version of the book Fish is Fish mentioned in Bransford's chapter.

Thank you for the video, I had really enjoyed it while reading, glad there is a video of it:)

Thanks for the video hocam:-) The story in the article was great and now we have the video of it. I think it accurately depicts the situation. While I was reading the story, it reminded me of the Rorschach test. Everyone sees a different thing when looking at the ink because we belong to different worlds and we go through different psychological and cognitive processes. This is like reading the same book but visualizing people in a different way.