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There are no longer any major institutions in American society, including the press, the educational system, the financial sector, labor unions, the arts, religious institutions and our dysfunctional political parties, which can be considered democratic. The intent, design and function of these institutions, controlled by corporate money, are to bolster the hierarchical and anti-democratic power of the corporate state. These institutions, often mouthing liberal values, abet and perpetuate mounting inequality. They operate increasingly in secrecy. They ignore suffering or sacrifice human lives for profit. They control and manipulate all levers of power and mass communication. They have muzzled the voices and concerns of citizens. They use entertainment, celebrity gossip and emotionally laden public-relations lies to seduce us into believing in a Disneyworld fantasy of democracy.

Data suggests an inter partes review (IPR) institution decision is a defining moment in underlying litigation. Unified examined all district court settlements involving patents subject of IPR. The data revealed parties have shifted toward earlier settlements, usually just before an expected institution decision. The movement to pre-institution settlement shows the direct effects of PTAB on District Court.

On August 29, 2016, the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) instituted an IPR filed by Unified Patents Inc. on a patent related to electronic payments. The patent, U.S. Patent 6,891,633, has been asserted against dozens of banking institutions. The Board adopted an initial narrow claim construction and instituted review of claims 1-18 and 21-26 of the patent.

On August 1, 2016, the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) instituted an IPR petitioned by Unified on a patent owned and asserted by Rothschild Connected Devices Innovations, LLC. The Board instituted trial on U.S. 8,788,090 over the sole claim asserted in district court litigation. A copy of the filing can be found below.

On July 5, 2016, the Patent Trial and Appeal Board dismissed IPR2016-00836, well prior to institution, due to a settlement between Verify Smart Corporation and Unified. A copy of the filing can be found below. Unified Patents Inc. v. Verify Smart Corporation, IPR2016-00836, Paper 7 (July 5, 2016) (Settled)

On June 27, 2016, the Patent Trial and Appeal Board instituted IPR on all challenged claims on a patent owned and asserted by the Acacia Research-associated American Vehicular Sciences, LLC. The IPR, IPR2016-00364, challenged 1, 8, 10, 12, 17-19, 26, 27, and 36 of the patent, U.S. 9,043,093.

In a new report (PDF) by the Open Society Institute, human-rights researcher Jonathan Horowitz contrasts the official prison system that the Pentagon has constructed in Afghanistan-where they often arrange press briefings and invite journalists on tours-with the super-secret facility run on the periphery of Bagram Air Base, the "Tor" or "Black Jail."

Comments regarding the institutional underpinnings of environmental and developmental issues, the "tragedy of the commons", and free market environmentalist approaches to such issues, focussing on clarifying and enforcing property rights and minimizing the hand of government (which results in politi

David Garland is a well-respected sociologist and legal scholar who taught courses on crime and punishment at the University of Edinburgh before relocating to the United States over a decade ago. His recent Peculiar Institution: America's Death Penalty in an Age of Abolition is the product of his attempt to learn "why the United States is such an outlier in the severity of its criminal sentencing." Thus, while the book primarily concerns the death penalty, it also illuminates the broader, dramatic differences between American and Western European prison sentences.

Presidents serve the institutional interests of the corporations behind them. A President McCain may have at least triggered a true progressive fight.

The Occupy Wall Street movement is well into its second week of operation, and is now getting more attention from media as well as from people planning similar actions across the country. This is a promising populist mobilization with a clear message against domination by political and economic elites. Against visions of a bleak and stagnant future, the occupiers assert the optimism that a better world can be made in the streets. They have not resigned themselves to an order where the young are presented with a foreseeable future of some combination of debt, economic dependency, and being paid little to endure constant disrespect, an order that tells the old to accept broken promises and be glad to just keep putting in hours until they can't work anymore. The occupiers have not accepted that living in modern society means shutting up about how it functions. In general, the occupiers see themselves as having more to gain than to lose in creating a new political situation - something that few who run the current system will help deliver. They are not eager for violence, and have shown admirable restraint in the face of attack by police. There may be no single clear agenda, but there is a clear message: that people will have a say in their political and economic lives, regardless of what those in charge want. Occupy Wall Street is a kind of protest that Americans are not accustomed to seeing. There was no permit to protest, and it has been able to keep going on through unofficial understandings between protestors and police. It is not run by professional politicians, astroturfers, or front groups with barely-hidden agendas. Though some organizations and political figures have promoted it, Occupy Wall Street is not driven by any political party or protest organization. It is a kind of protest that shows people have power when they are determined to use it. Occupy Wall Street could be characterized as an example of a new type of mass politics, which has been seen in

A couple of years ago, a Republican committee staff director told me candidly (and proudly) what the method was to all this obstruction and disruption. Should Republicans succeed in obstructing the Senate from doing its job, it would further lower Congress's generic favorability rating among the American people. By sabotaging the reputation of an institution of government, the party that is programmatically against government would come out the relative winner.

When we study Marx in my graduate social theory course, it never fails that at least one student will say (approximately), "Class struggle didn't escalate in the way Marx expected. In modern capitalist societies class struggle has disappeared. So isn't it clear that Marx was wrong and his ideas are of little value today?" I respond by challenging the premise that class struggle has disappeared. On the contrary, I say that class struggle is going on all the time in every major institution of society. One just has to learn how to recognize it. One needn't embrace the labor theory of value to understand that employers try to increase profits by keeping wages down and getting as much work as possible out of their employees. As the saying goes, every successful capitalist knows what a Marxist knows; they just apply the knowledge differently. Workers' desire for better pay and benefits, safe working conditions, and control over their own time puts them at odds with employers. Class struggle in this sense hasn't gone away. In fact, it's inherent in the relationship between capitalist employer and employee. What varies is how aggressively and overtly each side fights for its interests.

On June 21, 2016, the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) awarded adverse judgment against patent owner Qurio Holdings, Inc., prior to institution, cancelling claims 1-3, 10, 12, and 15-18 of U.S. Patent 7,787,904, as challenged via joinder by Unified in IPR2016-00998.