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By Ralph Nader & Carl J. Mayer New York Times, April 9, 1988 Our constitutional rights were intended for real persons, not artificial creations. The Framers knew about corporations but chose not to mention these contrived entities in the Constitution. For them, the document shielded living beings from arbitrary government and endowed them with the right to speak, assemble, and petition. Today, however, corporations enjoy virtually the same umbrella of constitutional protections as individuals do. They have become in effect artificial persons with infinitely greater power than humans. This constitutional equivalence must end. Consider a few noxious developments during the last 10 years. A group of large Boston companies invoked the First Amendment in order to spend lavishly and thus successfully defeat a referendum that would have permitted the legislature to enact a progressive income tax that had no direct effect on the property and business of these companies. An Idaho electrical and plumbing corporation cited the Fourth Amendment and deterred a health and safety investigation. A textile supply company used Fifth Amendment protections and barred retrial in a criminal anti-trust case in Texas. The idea that the Constitution should apply to corporations as it applies to humans had its dubious origins in 1886. The Supreme Court said it did "not wish to hear argument" on whether corporations were "persons" protected by the 14th Amendment, a civil rights amendment designed to safeguard newly emancipated blacks from unfair government treatment. It simply decreed that corporations were persons. Now that is judicial activism. A string of later dissents, by Justices Hugo Black and William O. Douglas, demonstrated that neither the history nor the language of the 14th Amendment was meant to protect corporations. But it was too late. The genie was out of the bottle and the corporate evolution into personhood was under way. It was not until the 1970's that corporations

Earthship Biotecture homes, floor plans and construction, solar energy, green energy, thermal dynamics, food production, housing, recycled materials. Including pictures, videos, books, news, info and much more.Earthship (n.) 1. passive solar home made of natural and recycled materials 2. thermal mass construction for temperature stabilization. 3. renewable energy & integrated water systems make the Earthship an off-grid home with little to no utility bills.Biotecture (n.) 1. the profession of designing buildings and environments with consideration for their sustainability. 2. A combination of biology and architecture.Do you think Earthship Homes are a good idea?Click here to cast your vote.

A site about the engineer's from Moldova, Leonid Popusoi's, inventions and discoveries in astronomy and physics. \nIt contains descriptions of his inventions, books and videos.

The Polymath Lectures are a series of interdisciplinary lectures and courses on varied topics used to promote the Polymath Foundation, a non-profit organization dedicated to starting an interdisciplinary university which trains polymaths by combining disciplinary learning with courses in creativity and fusion of disciplinary ideas.For more on our goals and vision, please visit http://www.projectpolymath.org.

School sucks and there is scientific evidence why! This article studies the problems of the current educational system and offers some proposals as to how to solve them.

Free will is an ancient problem that has buffled philosophers and scientists alike. In the dawn of a new era of science and technology modern physics theories provide a new way to understand this fundamental question.

Logic and philosophy, despite what many people think, can have their applications in everyday life and science. This article discusses some of them.

Pictures, videos, posters, art, books, and t-shirts of the Aurora Borealis AKA Northern Lights. Plus merchandise, calendars, and much more.

Why credit cards make us lose money? Why lotteries are a losing game? Why neurons can be the future of economic and political research?

The Battle Lens is for debating, sharing thoughts and ideas, and for discussing the differences that we all have. If you love a good debate then you might like The Battle Lens.

Problems are so many... But solution is only one i.e. Star Ruby. It is said to pep up internal strength, ward off tensions, distress the mind and drive away stress related problems like migraine, insomnia, and hysteria. Exclusive varieties of star rubies collection...

A funny and irreverent look at the wonderful world of psychology.