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anna lynch

Marine Pollution: How the Ocean Became a Toxic Waste Dump - 0 views

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    how the ocean became a toxic waste dump
anna lynch

Biological effects and subsequent economic effects and losses from marine pollution and degradations in marine environments : Implications from the literature - 0 views

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    economy effected by marine losses
haley haegner

Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia - 0 views

  • electric motor that assists the engine when accelerating
  • powered by batteries that recharge automatically while the car is being driven.
  • hybrid provides lower gasoline consumption and a lower level of polluting emissions than the gas-powered car;
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    car
Stephania D

Raw Sewage Taints Sacred Jordan River - 0 views

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    Sewage in a sacred river
Stephania D

Arsenic - 0 views

  • Exposure to arsenic can occur from the environment and food consumption
  • Arsenic contamination of groundwater has led to a massive epidemic of arsenic poisoning in Bangladesh[32] and neighbouring countries.
  • Presently 42 major incidents around the world have been reported on groundwater arsenic contamination. It is estimated that approximately 57 million people are drinking groundwater with arsenic concentrations elevated above the World Health Organization's standard of 10 parts per billion. However, a study of cancer rates in Taiwan [33] suggested that significant increases in cancer mortality appear only at levels above 150 parts per billion. The arsenic in the groundwater is of natural origin, and is released from the sediment into the groundwater due to the anoxic conditions of the subsurface.
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    Water contaminate
Stephania D

Oil Remains - 0 views

  • largest and most productive estuaries in North America.  
  • However, in 1993 the EVOS Trustee Council funded an additional survey that estimated 7 km of shoreline were still contaminated with subsurface oil.
  • Because a significant survey of Prince William Sound had not been conducted since 1993 and the cumulative extent of the remaining oil was unknown, concerns were generated by the public and scientific communities about the oil’s possible continuing effects on humans and fauna potentially exposed to the oil directly or indirectly.
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  • Without an accurate assessment of the extent of the remaining oil, subsistence food-gatherers, consumers of commercial fish products from the area, and tourists have used mostly anecdotal evidence as the basis for economic decisions regarding resource utilization in the affected area.
  • Consequently, the Auke Bay Laboratory (ABL) with funding from the EVOS Trustee Council, took on the task of assessing the remaining oil along the shorelines of Prince William Sound during the summer of 2001
  • The primary objective of the project was to measure the amount of oil remaining in the intertidal zone of Prince William Sound.  Secondary objectives include determining the rate of decline of oil on these beaches, estimating the persistence of the remaining oil, and correlating the remaining oil with geomorphological features.
  • heavily and moderately oiled
  • The 2001 survey adopted a stratified random/adaptive sampling (SRAS) design. Two random pits were excavated to a depth of 0.5 m (1.6 feet) in every stratified block (0.5-m verticle drop in tide height) within a grid system established at each site. If subsurface oil was discovered in any of the randomly stratified origin pits, then additional adaptive pits were excavated above, below, to the right, and to the left of the origin pit until the extent of the oil patch was determined.
  • Buried or subsurface oil is of greater concern than surface oil.
  • Subsurface oil can remain dormant for many years before being dispersed and is more liquid, still toxic, and may become biologically available.
  • A disturbance event such as burrowing animals or a severe storm reworks the beach and can reintroduce unweathered oil into the water.
  • The toxic components of this type of surface oil are not as readily available to biota, although some softer forms do cause sheens in tide pools.
  • 1) Surface oil was determined to be not a good indicator of subsurface oil. 2) Twenty subsurface pits were classified as heavily oiled.  Oil saturated all of the interstitial spaces and was extremely repugnant. These “worst case” pits exhibited an oil mixture that resembled oil encountered in 1989 a few weeks after the spill - highly odiferous, lightly weathered, and very fluid. 3) Subsurface oil was also found at a lower tide height than expected (between 0 and 6 feet), in contrast to the surface oil, which was found mostly at the highest levels of the beach (Table 3).  This is significant, because the pits with the most oil were found low in the intertidal zone, closest to the zone of biological production, and indicate that our estimates are conservative at best.
  • The possibility of continuing low level chronic effects of the Exxon Valdez oil spill seem very real now, although measurable population effects would be very difficult to detect in wild populations.
  •  Sea otters and harlequin ducks fall into this category
  • such as sea otters, harlequin ducks, and their intertidal prey.
  • The last beach assessment was completed in September 2001. Supporting chemical analyses will be completed in fall 2002, and a final report with statistical analyses and conclusions will be completed by April 2002.
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    Exxon Valdez
Stephania D

Exxon Valdez Habitat - 0 views

  • The western portion of Prince William Sound was the most heavily oiled in 1989 and oil on some beaches remains a serious concern for residents of the Sound who use these areas.
  • The remaining 1,100 miles of oiled shoreline were considered to have light to very light oiling. Crews visiting beaches in 1993 found hundreds of sites that contained substantial oil deposits.
  • A 1992 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) study* estimated that a great majority of the oil evaporated, dispersed into the water column or degraded naturally.
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  • Post-cleanup analyses in 1998 showed that while the cleanup method was largely effective in removing visible surface oil, it had little effect on the large deposits of oil beneath rocks and overburden.
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    The spill. What happened to the habitat
Krisly Philip

Ways to Prevent Global Warming - 0 views

  • Reasons for Global Warming Global warming can be minimized to a great extent, if we eliminate the causes which are mostly human made. The responsibility of preventing global warming rests both on individual as well as the state. In individual level we can change our practices such as minimize the usage of fossil based fuel, reduce the electricity consumption by using energy efficient appliances. Vehicular pollution can be minimized by using the public transport system. The nucleus goal is to beget the global warming under control by restricting the carbon dioxide release and other heat ensnaring greenhouse gases into the environment. On an average nearly 10000 pounds of carbon dioxide is released per year in significant countries like Canada and US. This can be immediately curtailed by becoming energy efficient. Reducing the usage of oil, coal and gasoline are one of the effective ways of preventing global warming.
Sara Espinosa

In Pictures: The 10 Biggest Cities Of 2025 - Forbes.com - 0 views

  • Tokyo, Japan Current Population: 35.2 million Projected 2025 Population: 36.4 million Annual Growth Rate 2007 to 2025: 0.11%
  • Tokyo is a major global financial center. Its rail system, the largest in the world, is clean and efficient.
  • Tokyo's water and electricity capacity is in fine shape for a growing population, experts say
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  • but industrial and household waste removal is a growing concern. Per
  • capita tonnage has doubled in the past 20 years, and finding urban space to build more processing plants has been a challenge.
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    future
Stephania D

Riverkeeper - 0 views

  • Though Section 316(b) of The Clean Water Act requires power plants to employ BTA to protect aquatic life, U.S. power plants withdraw over 214 billion gallons daily from water bodies, killing billions of fish.
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    - Defending the Hudson River. Protecting Our Communities.
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