prey of wolves are large hoofed mammals, including deer, moose, elk, caribou, bison, musk-oxen, and mountain sheep.
Beaver is eaten when available.
In summer a variety of smaller foods, such as small rodents and berries, supplement the diet.
Animals killed are usually young, old, or otherwise weaker members of their populations because they are easiest to capture.
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BioTour's Vegetable Oil-Powered Bus (Takoma Park, DC) on Flickr - Photo Sharing! - 0 views
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Read about the "Journey into a sustainable future" here: www.biotour.org/ Follow the tour on their blog: www.biotour.org/wordpress/ Learn about Waste Vegetable Oil Conversion for Diesel Bus here: www.instructables.com/id/Biotour.org-Waste-Vegetable-Oil-... Find out about DC area biodiesel resources here: www.ccurisa.org/node/90
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Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia - 0 views
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basic laws of physics dictate that energy is conserved and can only be changed from one form to another or into matter.
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Fuel, on the other hand, is the accumulation of matter and therefore represents a store of energy.
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released in the form of heat when the fuel is burned in chemical or nuclear reactions
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cannot be reversed to regenerate the original fuel mass
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a fuel problem does exist
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If the supply of fuel is finite, not only will there be no energy supply when the fuel is exhausted
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Finite means: a form of a verb that can occur as the head of a sentence. In Sam wants to leave, wants is finite, leave is non-finite.
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all other processes that depend on it will cease
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Several factors combine to make the problem an urgent one
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World population
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demand for energy will also increase
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coal, oil (petroleum), natural gas, uranium, and fuel wood—is limited and insufficient to sustain rapid rates of development.
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debate about the exact length of time available before the effects of a worldwide shortage become apparent
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shortage will occur.
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geothermal energy, hydroelectric power, peat, ocean thermal energy, solar energy, tidal energy, wind power, and fuel wood.
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replenish themselves naturally in a relatively short time and will therefore always be available.
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Renewable energy resources
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indirectly responsible for many other renewable energy sources.
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ocean currents and winds are results of the uneven distribution of solar radiation over the Earth's surface
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winds in turn produce waves whose energy can be utilized
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windmills and wind power
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ocean thermal energy, solar heating of the upper layers of the ocean produces temperature gradients that can be harnessed to generate electricity
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Sun also powers the hydrologic cycle, in which ocean water is evaporated, transported over the continents, and precipitated as rain or snow to form rivers
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flow energy produces hydroelectric power.
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energy locked in such renewable fuel sources as wood and peat is derived from the Sun by the process of photosynthesis.
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renewable energy source is geothermal energy
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arises through the leakage of heat from the Earth's interior to the surface
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over the entire surface of the Earth at a very low average rate, leakage is much higher in certain locations.
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Yellowstone National Park
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Iceland, Italy, and New Zealand.
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possible to tap the heat and use it for human purposes.
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Nonrenewable resources originate from two processes: (1) photosynthesis, which occurred many millions of years ago, followed by the fossilization of the plant and animal life that resulted, and (2) the formation of the Earth itself.
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fossil fuels—coal, oil (petroleum), and natural gas;
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produced the fuels for nuclear energy, such as uranium for fission and lighter elements for fusion
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irreplaceable fuels represent an energy capital that must be invested wisely.
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A cleaner-burning fuel than oil, natural gas seemed to be in abundant supply at the turn of the 21st century and, with the greatly enlarged network of gas pipelines, was rapidly growing in use.
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nearly total dependence on fossil fuels and hydroelectricity ensures that efforts to solve energy problems by switching to alternative sources will have to overcome a great deal of inertia, both economic and psychological.
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sources as solar power, wind power, and synthetic fuels suffer from the serious drawback that few major installations now exist.
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handicapped by the engineering problems of converting the energy to a form useful to human beings.
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solar energy reaches the top of the atmosphere in amounts 10,000 times greater than all human production of energy, it reaches the Earth's surface at rates of only about 80 to 250 W/m2, and considerably less on cloudy days.
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arge-scale system based on solar-collector panels will be physically huge, causing problems of maintenance and land use
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Wind power, wave power, and ocean-thermal-generation sources suffer from similar difficulties
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Even though there are some difficulties with working towards the alternative fuels, it may prove to be more efficient for smaller things (heat and power to small communities or single buildings) in the long run
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International Photography Contest 2008 - National Geographic Magazine</title> <meta name= - 0 views
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Submit your entry online to the National Geographic Photography Contest in any of these three categories: people, places, and nature. As a leader in capturing our world through brilliant imagery, National Geographic Magazine sets the standard for photographic excellence. Now, we're inviting you to share your vision of the world through your own photography. National Geographic Magazine Online, resource for research, updates, photography, global issues, geography, maps and multimedia.
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MS-7 - 0 views
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We strive to help make A Brighter Tomorrow for Multiple Sclerosis patients by supporting research into its cause and cure as well as investigations of various medical and complementary treatment options. The scope of our services goes beyond that of a clearinghouse of pamphlets. Our priority is to serve with empathy, resourcefulness, and responsibility. We are here to listen, assist, and empower.
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Digital Sales Not Enough to Save Music Industry, says JupiterResearch | Tekrati Researc... - 0 views
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Digital music was a $1.3 billion business in 2007, but it still only comprised 10 percent of consumer music spending
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compete with Apple and the future of music CD sales.
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“The challenge remains for the industry to find new ways to compete with Apple, who remains the dominant player for portable media devices,”
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it will become even more critical to find new devices paradigms to capture consumer attention and new business models to sell content and services on those devices
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iTunes and other online music retailers are also changing the way music is purchased. Hot and popular are now giving way to Independent artists who are just as likely and able to make their material available on iTunes and other internet resources.
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apple is the most popular device/music player and it is hard for other companies to compete with apple and itunes
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Yellowstone National Park Vacation and Tour, Wyoming | GORP - 0 views
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Ski among Geysers Skinny-skiing Yellowstone is one of the premier winter-wilderness experiences in North America. To glide along the abandoned, snow-covered trails of the Old Faithful area in winter is to enter bottomless silences and watch tendrils of steam writhing in the chill wind. The geysers occasionally roar and billow, and buffalo use their massive heads to clear the frozen grasslands of snow. Accessible only by snow coach in winter, the rebuilt Old Faithful Snow Lodge makes a cozy backcountry base camp. Joining a naturalist-led ski trip offers rare and delightful insight into a world that only seems dormant; some of the best trips are run through the Yellowstone Institute.
Ancient Rome Pictures: Miscellaneous - 0 views
Stop It Now! - Resources for Child Abuse Prevention Month - 0 views
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Green Countries - 0 views
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China in particular has long argued that it is too poor to afford the Western luxury of environmental awareness.
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China ranks last among 15 nations in its income group (the fifth decile), behind Vietnam. If Colombia, the group's leader, can afford environmental concern, why can't China?
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China fares slightly better in protecting its habitat but much worse in measures of industrial ills.
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One conclusion to be drawn from the Yale-Columbia project is the need for better data, which requires funds.
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Experiences like the recent biofuels surge, which is driving up food prices, show how treacherous even well-intentioned decisions about the environment can be when they're uninformed.
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The same holds for consumers, who sometimes think paying somebody to plant a few trees will compensate for flying around the world in airplanes.
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For such decisions, data are essential. If we're going to avoid squandering our natural resources, the quicker we begin to rely more on facts and less on assumptions, the better.
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Some countries simply lie or make up the facts.
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Today's Russian bureaucrats may still be fudging its environmental figures.
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Among the worst offenders were Japan, South Korea, Brazil, the United States, Italy and Paraguay.
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(While there are good comparative data on ozone, smog also includes nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxides and other components that are poorly tracked in most nations.) Among the best industrial countries were Malaysia, the United Kingdom and all of Eastern Europe (a legacy of the Soviet nuclear program).
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desert nations how trouble with water supplies. Israel looks better than other nations.
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Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates, which have more severe water problems.
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Brazil is another country whose high rank—34th—is deceptive.
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Brazil is a vast land blessed with an abundance of water, which yields energy relatively cheaply with no carbon emissions
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Brazil is now the world's fourth biggest emitter of carbon, mainly due to the felling of trees.
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By contrast, Belgium and the Netherlands, which share much in terms of population and geography with their neighbors, suffer from neglect of the environment—particularly in protecting native habitats.
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Oil Remains - 0 views
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largest and most productive estuaries in North America.
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However, in 1993 the EVOS Trustee Council funded an additional survey that estimated 7 km of shoreline were still contaminated with subsurface oil.
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Because a significant survey of Prince William Sound had not been conducted since 1993 and the cumulative extent of the remaining oil was unknown, concerns were generated by the public and scientific communities about the oil’s possible continuing effects on humans and fauna potentially exposed to the oil directly or indirectly.
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Without an accurate assessment of the extent of the remaining oil, subsistence food-gatherers, consumers of commercial fish products from the area, and tourists have used mostly anecdotal evidence as the basis for economic decisions regarding resource utilization in the affected area.
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Consequently, the Auke Bay Laboratory (ABL) with funding from the EVOS Trustee Council, took on the task of assessing the remaining oil along the shorelines of Prince William Sound during the summer of 2001
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The primary objective of the project was to measure the amount of oil remaining in the intertidal zone of Prince William Sound. Secondary objectives include determining the rate of decline of oil on these beaches, estimating the persistence of the remaining oil, and correlating the remaining oil with geomorphological features.
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heavily and moderately oiled
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The 2001 survey adopted a stratified random/adaptive sampling (SRAS) design. Two random pits were excavated to a depth of 0.5 m (1.6 feet) in every stratified block (0.5-m verticle drop in tide height) within a grid system established at each site. If subsurface oil was discovered in any of the randomly stratified origin pits, then additional adaptive pits were excavated above, below, to the right, and to the left of the origin pit until the extent of the oil patch was determined.
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Buried or subsurface oil is of greater concern than surface oil.
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Subsurface oil can remain dormant for many years before being dispersed and is more liquid, still toxic, and may become biologically available.
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A disturbance event such as burrowing animals or a severe storm reworks the beach and can reintroduce unweathered oil into the water.
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The toxic components of this type of surface oil are not as readily available to biota, although some softer forms do cause sheens in tide pools.
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1) Surface oil was determined to be not a good indicator of subsurface oil. 2) Twenty subsurface pits were classified as heavily oiled. Oil saturated all of the interstitial spaces and was extremely repugnant. These “worst case” pits exhibited an oil mixture that resembled oil encountered in 1989 a few weeks after the spill - highly odiferous, lightly weathered, and very fluid. 3) Subsurface oil was also found at a lower tide height than expected (between 0 and 6 feet), in contrast to the surface oil, which was found mostly at the highest levels of the beach (Table 3). This is significant, because the pits with the most oil were found low in the intertidal zone, closest to the zone of biological production, and indicate that our estimates are conservative at best.
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The possibility of continuing low level chronic effects of the Exxon Valdez oil spill seem very real now, although measurable population effects would be very difficult to detect in wild populations.
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Sea otters and harlequin ducks fall into this category
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such as sea otters, harlequin ducks, and their intertidal prey.
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The last beach assessment was completed in September 2001. Supporting chemical analyses will be completed in fall 2002, and a final report with statistical analyses and conclusions will be completed by April 2002.
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Water Pollution - 0 views
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According to the American College Dictionary, pollution is defined as: �to make foul or unclean; dirty.
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When it is unfit for its intended use, water is considered polluted.
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Point sources of pollution occur when harmful substances are emitted directly into a body of water.
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A nonpoint source delivers pollutants indirectly through environmental changes.
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Nonpoint sources are much more difficult to control.
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Pollution arising from nonpoint sources accounts for a majority of the contaminants in streams and lakes.
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Many causes of pollution including sewage and fertilizers contain nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates. In excess levels, nutrients over stimulate the growth of aquatic plants and algae. Excessive growth of these types of organisms consequently clogs our waterways, use up dissolved oxygen as they decompose, and block light to deeper waters.
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Pollution in the form of organic material enters waterways in many different forms as sewage, as leaves and grass clippings, or as runoff from livestock feedlots and pastures.
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Pathogens are another type of pollution that prove very harmful.
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Three last forms of water pollution exist in the forms of petroleum, radioactive substances, and heat.
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Ninety-five percent of all fresh water on earth is ground water
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Ground water is found in natural rock formations.
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These formations, called aquifers, are a vital natural resource with many uses. Nationally, 53% of the population relies on ground water as a source of drinking water. In rural areas this figure is even higher. Eighty one percent of community water is dependent on ground water. Although the 1992 Section 305(b) State Water Quality Reports indicate that, overall, the Nation�s ground water quality is good to excellent, many local areas have experienced significant ground water contamination. Some examples are leaking underground storage tanks and municipal landfills.
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The Pilgrims-Overview - 0 views
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The Pilgrims were English Separatists. In the first years of the 17th century, small numbers of English Puritans broke away from the Church of England because they felt that it had not completed the work of the Reformation. They committed themselves to a life based on the Bible. Most of these Separatists were farmers, poorly educated and without social or political standing. One of the Separatist congregations was led by William Brewster and the Rev. Richard Clifton in the village of Scrooby in Nottinghamshire. The Scrooby group emigrated to Amsterdam in 1608 to escape harassment and religious persecution. The next year they moved to Leiden, in Holland where, enjoying full religious freedom, they remained for almost 12 years. In 1617, discouraged by economic difficulties, the pervasive Dutch influence on their children, and their inability to secure civil autonomy, the congregation voted to emigrate to America. Through the Brewster family's friendship with Sir Edwin Sandys, treasurer of the London Company, the congregation secured two patents authorizing them to settle in the northern part of the company's jurisdiction. Unable to finance the costs of the emigration with their own meager resources, they negotiated a financial agreement with Thomas Weston, a prominent London iron merchant. Fewer than half of the group's members elected to leave Leiden. A small ship, the Speedwell, carried them to Southampton, England, where they were to join another group of Separatists and pick up a second ship. After some delays and disputes, the voyagers regrouped at Plymouth aboard the 180-ton Mayflower. It began its historic voyage on Sept. 16, 1620, with about 102 passengers--fewer than half of them from Leiden.
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Founding of New England, The by Adams, J. T., (1921; repr. 1963) Bradford, William, Of Plymouth Plantation: 1620-1647, ed. by Samuel E. Morison (1952) Mayflower, The (1974) by Caffrey, Kate Mayflower Pilgrims, The by Colloms, Brenda (1977) Land Ho!--1620 by Nickerson, W. S. (1931). A Little Commonwealth: Family Life in Plymouth Colony by Demos, John (1988) Pilgrims, The by Dillon, Francis (1975) Mayflower Remembered: A History of the Plymouth Pilgrims by Gill, Crispin (1970) Saga of the Pilgrims by Harris, J.(1990) Pilgrim's Own Story, The by Notson, A.W., and R.C., eds., Stepping Stones: (1987) Pilgrim Fathers from a Dutch Point of View by Plooij, D.(1932; repr. 1970) Bradford of Plymouth by Smith, Bradford (1951) Pilgrims and Their History by Usher, R. G. (1918) Pilgrim Reader (1953) and Saints and Strangers: Pilgrim Fathers, The by Willison, G. F. rev. ed. (1965). Pilgrim Colony: A History of New Plymouth, 1620-1691 by Langdon, G. D., Jr. (1966) Story of the Old Colony of New Plymouth, The by Morison, S. E. (1956); Plymouth Colony: Its History and People by Stratton, E.A. (1987)
