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The Pilgrims were English Separatists. In the first years of the 17th century, small numbers of English Puritans broke away from the Church of England because they felt that it had not completed the work of the Reformation. They committed themselves to a life based on the Bible. Most of these Separatists were farmers, poorly educated and without social or political standing. One of the Separatist congregations was led by William Brewster and the Rev. Richard Clifton in the village of Scrooby in Nottinghamshire. The Scrooby group emigrated to Amsterdam in 1608 to escape harassment and religious persecution. The next year they moved to Leiden, in Holland where, enjoying full religious freedom, they remained for almost 12 years. In 1617, discouraged by economic difficulties, the pervasive Dutch influence on their children, and their inability to secure civil autonomy, the congregation voted to emigrate to America. Through the Brewster family's friendship with Sir Edwin Sandys, treasurer of the London Company, the congregation secured two patents authorizing them to settle in the northern part of the company's jurisdiction. Unable to finance the costs of the emigration with their own meager resources, they negotiated a financial agreement with Thomas Weston, a prominent London iron merchant. Fewer than half of the group's members elected to leave Leiden. A small ship, the Speedwell, carried them to Southampton, England, where they were to join another group of Separatists and pick up a second ship. After some delays and disputes, the voyagers regrouped at Plymouth aboard the 180-ton Mayflower. It began its historic voyage on Sept. 16, 1620, with about 102 passengers--fewer than half of them from Leiden.

Founding of New England, The by Adams, J. T., (1921; repr. 1963) Bradford, William, Of Plymouth Plantation: 1620-1647, ed. by Samuel E. Morison (1952) Mayflower, The (1974) by Caffrey, Kate Mayflower Pilgrims, The by Colloms, Brenda (1977) Land Ho!--1620 by Nickerson, W. S. (1931). A Little Commonwealth: Family Life in Plymouth Colony by Demos, John (1988) Pilgrims, The by Dillon, Francis (1975) Mayflower Remembered: A History of the Plymouth Pilgrims by Gill, Crispin (1970) Saga of the Pilgrims by Harris, J.(1990) Pilgrim's Own Story, The by Notson, A.W., and R.C., eds., Stepping Stones: (1987) Pilgrim Fathers from a Dutch Point of View by Plooij, D.(1932; repr. 1970) Bradford of Plymouth by Smith, Bradford (1951) Pilgrims and Their History by Usher, R. G. (1918) Pilgrim Reader (1953) and Saints and Strangers: Pilgrim Fathers, The by Willison, G. F. rev. ed. (1965). Pilgrim Colony: A History of New Plymouth, 1620-1691 by Langdon, G. D., Jr. (1966) Story of the Old Colony of New Plymouth, The by Morison, S. E. (1956); Plymouth Colony: Its History and People by Stratton, E.A. (1987)

Ma Ying-jeou was elected president of Taiwan in March 2008. A Harvard-educated lawyer and popular public figure, Ma won the presidency by the largest vote margin in Taiwan's electoral history. His landslide election also brought the long-ruling Nationalist Party (Kuomintang) back to power after an eight-year hiatus.

Way to stereotype people. One of my friends listens to rap, and he doesn't dress, nor sounds like a jock. I listen to metal; 1. I don't skate and 2. I don't have long hair. To the point of this thread: I believe some rap is bad influence, but most of the bad influence comes from media. I was at an appointment, and I see this one kid sitting next to me. He has a toy gun, and he was pointing at some people in front of us. The thing was that he had the toy in his left hand, stuck out his left arm, put the gun sideways onto his left arms wrist. That's how the people in the movies do it, as if they were in a gang. The kid was only 5 years old - what the mother said when she was talking to the clerk. Anyways, I wouldn't think the majority of the kids who listen to music, listen to screamo, emo, etc. because it's quite obvious; it's not music to them. So I wouldn't vote for screamo, emo. The ones who listen to that are mostly, if not always teenagers+.

Vibe Poll Says Eminem is 'Best Rapper Alive'

Eminem beat Jay-Z to the title in the final round of voting with 69 per cent - but he doesn't think any single rapper deserves the title.