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Fuyuka Nakamura

India's GDP growth slows sharply - May. 31, 2012 - 2 views

  • sharply
    • Fuyuka Nakamura
       
      AD/AS changed in time fast
  • In the first quarter, the country's manufacturing sector contracted and its agricultural sector slowed substantially
    • Fuyuka Nakamura
       
      An aggregate demand and supply curve can be shown to demonstrate the decline in GDP, which resulted from the contraction in the agricultural sector/manufacturing sector. The supply curve can shift down to demonstrate how the economy is producing less.
  • due primarily to weakness in its manufacturing and agricultural sectors
    • Fuyuka Nakamura
       
      Reason for the decline in economic growth in India. Shift in AS.
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • Spending by both consumers and the government decelerated slightly.
    • Fuyuka Nakamura
       
      By spending to decrease, the demand curve will shift, as people demand/spend less on the good/service.
    • Fuyuka Nakamura
       
      Consumer confidence is affected by the high interest rates (mentioned below)
  • tighter monetary policy
    • Fuyuka Nakamura
       
      Monetary Policy can be described. The interest rate and supply of money can be described to show how goods/services can affect economic growth.
  • interest rates high for three years to battle rapid inflation
    • Fuyuka Nakamura
       
      As interest rates are high, the sectors will not want to borrow money, as they will be losing out on money. Consumers will also save their money rather than spend it, which then affects the aggregate demand curve. Which then affects the economic growth.
    • Fuyuka Nakamura
       
      Contrationary Monetary Policy, as the Gov is trying to fight the inflation. In other words they want to lower the price levels. They do this by rising the interest rate to decrease the supply of money.
  • lower that rate slightly to try to stimulate economic growth.
    • Fuyuka Nakamura
       
      Can talk about the effect of lowering the interest rates. How the consumers will start to spend rather than save and how the businesses (sectors) start to borrow money for investment, which then pumps up the economic growth.
  • lower rates further
    • Fuyuka Nakamura
       
      the Reserve Bank of India can impose Expansionary Monetary Policy, lowering the interest rates, increasing the money supply, encouraging new consumption and investments. This will shift the AD out, increasing India's GDP within time. This will be their solution.
  • economic growth
    • Fuyuka Nakamura
       
      About India's GDP It will involve AD and AS
  • sharply
  • India is the world's second most populous nation after China, and the 11th largest economy,
Tomomi Nakamura

Spain in eurozone crisis cross-hairs - CNN.com - 0 views

  • crisis
    • Tomomi Nakamura
       
      This suggests that the article will be about the economic (macro) problems which the eurozone has been going through. 
  • financial crisis
    • Tomomi Nakamura
       
      It is an issue about money, which relates to the GDP of the country.
  • borrowing costs
    • Tomomi Nakamura
       
      It may suggest problems with national debt or interest rates.
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • unemployment rates at devastating levels.
    • Tomomi Nakamura
       
      Low unemployment rate is one of the macroeconomic objectives.  However, the unemployment rate is very high, and that is not good for the economy.
  • bad investments
    • Tomomi Nakamura
       
      Investment is a factor that influences GDP in the equation AD=C+I+G+(X-M), and if there is bad investment, the I component will decrease, which will also decrease the GDP value.
  • When the economy collapsed in 2008, people lost their jobs -- and with them their homes.
    • Tomomi Nakamura
       
      When people lose jobs, it will increase the unemployment of that country.  Houses are the most valuable objects that a person owns, and if they lose their homes it will have a huge impact on their lives.
  • strengthening the banking sector.
    • Tomomi Nakamura
       
      They may be doing something to improve the economy's flow of money, debts, etc.
  • Spain also has an unemployment crisis, with more than half those under 24 out of work, and almost one in four people overall. Spain's jobless rate has helped pushed the eurozone's total unemployment rate to 11% -- its highest since the eurozone was created in 1999
    • Tomomi Nakamura
       
      High unemployment has bad influence to the economy of Spain, which could also have an effect on other countries of the eurozone.
  • The situation in Spain is developing like a "perfect storm," with money being pulled out of the country, despite the desperate need to stem capital flight and support its banking system.
    • Tomomi Nakamura
       
      Issues with the flow of money.  Leakage will lead to a decrease in economic growth.
  • This leaves Spain in a precarious financial state, driving investors away, pushing up its borrowing costs and making it more likely to need a bailout.
    • Tomomi Nakamura
       
      There will be less investment which will decrease GDP, and if the country needs to borrow more money, their debt will continue to increase.
  • money being pulled out of the country
  • The retirement age has been raised from 65 to 67, while public sector wages and welfare payments have been cut.
    • Tomomi Nakamura
       
      Raising the retirement age may decrease the number of people who are unemployed, but lowering the wages may be a disincentive to the workers.
  • Academics and financiers are also wading into the policy debate, with billionaire George Soros saying in a speech this month that the "wrong remedy" has been applied to the crisis. "You cannot reduce the debt burden by shrinking the economy, only by growing your way out of it," he said.
    • Tomomi Nakamura
       
      Shrinking the economy is not good, and that may cause more problems which will not help improve economic growth.
Yihan Li

BBC News - Federal Reserve to buy more debt to boost US economy - 0 views

  • buy "additional agency mortgage-backed securities at a pace of $40bn (£25bn) per month".
    • Yihan Li
       
      Buying the securities increases the supply of money in the market
    • Yihan Li
       
      Increase in supply of money is used to expand aggregate demand
    • Yihan Li
       
      (evaluation) talk about the merits and demerits of increase in AD
  • nterest rates in the US have been close to zero for several years now, and the Fed again kept them at below 0.25% on Thursday.
    • Yihan Li
       
      Low interest rate keeps aggregate demand high -> more spending and investment 
    • Yihan Li
       
      Draw interest rate vs quantity of money diagram
  • quantitative easing
    • Yihan Li
       
      quantitative easing = A monetary policy used to increase the money supply by buying government securities or other securities from the market
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • "We doubt it will be enough to get the economy on the right track. It's only a matter of time before speculation begins as to when the Fed will raise its purchases from $40bn a month."
    • Yihan Li
       
      (evaluation) not enough money is spent by Federal Reserve 
  • the central bank buys bonds to keep the long-term cost of borrowing down.
    • Yihan Li
       
      Increase in supply of money keeps cost of borrowing (long-term interest rate) low
  • The unemployment rate in the US has been above 8% since January 2009, but the current 8.1% is down from the recent high of 10% in October 2009.
    • Yihan Li
       
      high unemployment = the economy is not doing well. 
    • Yihan Li
       
      The main reason why Fed implemented the policy 
  • US presidential election.
    • Yihan Li
       
      The decision is influenced by political factors 
  • Ben Bernanke also lowered the Fed's growth forecast for the US economy to 2% this year, down from the 2.4% it predicted in June
    • Yihan Li
       
      Fed decided to implement the policy because economy is not growing quickly enough 
    • Yihan Li
       
      Draw a AD-AS diagram to explain the results of AD shift on economy 
  • "The committee is concerned that, without further policy accommodation, economic growth might not be strong enough to generate sustained improvement in labour market conditions,
    • Yihan Li
       
      Without Fed's help, unemployment may increase or be stagnant. Maybe talk about Okun's law, which states that 3% increase in output corresponds to a 1% decline in the rate of unemployment
  • Federal Reserve to buy more debt to boost US economy
    • Yihan Li
       
      Why using monetary policy, not using fiscal policy? What are other options?  
Emily Hoshi

The 86 million invisible unemployed - May. 3, 2012 - 1 views

  • population growth
    • Emily Hoshi
       
      :D?
  • labor force is now at its smallest size since the 1980s when compared to the broader working age population.
    • Ayaka Matsumura
       
      One of the reasons to why there as an increase in unemployment.
    • Emily Hoshi
       
      Two graphs with the unemployment in micro perspective graph and the boarder working age population (basically population graph of workers) graph to compare and analyze the effects 
  • Last year, 86 million Americans were not counted in the labor force because they didn't keep up a regular job search. Most of them were either under age 25 or over age 65.
    • Ayaka Matsumura
       
      Could use the numbers and percentages to create a graph.
    • Emily Hoshi
       
      This can be shown with unemployment in microeconomics perspective graph
  • ...11 more annotations...
  • that doesn't include the millions of nonworking adults who aren't even looking for a job anymore.
    • Ayaka Matsumura
       
      Since unemployment is when a worker is willing and able to work at a given wage rate but there is no job (work) available, when they have given up to look for a job they are not counted in the unemployment rate anymore.
  • unemployment rate is falling
    • Ayaka Matsumura
       
      Could show the unemployment fall on a graph.
  • A person is counted as part of the labor force if they have a job or have looked for one in the last four weeks.
    • Ayaka Matsumura
       
      Definition
  • 63.6% of Americans over the age of 16 fell into that category
    • Ayaka Matsumura
       
      Again, could use the statistics to show how it has hit a very low labour force participation rate.
  • Only people looking for work are considered officially unemployed.
    • Ayaka Matsumura
       
      Again, definition of unemployment.
  • The unofficially unemployed
    • Ayaka Matsumura
       
      It is not that the people who were unemployed were not looking for jobs at all.
  • weren't consistently looking for one
    • Ayaka Matsumura
       
      The reason for them being "unofficially unemployed".
  • Older people, ages 65 and over, account for more than a third.
    • Ayaka Matsumura
       
      They can live on either their savings or the money from the government. 
  • Young people between 16 and 24 make up another fifth.
    • Ayaka Matsumura
       
      Off for education?
  • unemployed
    • Ayaka Matsumura
       
      Types of unemployment: structural, frictional, cyclical, seasonal, natural rate
  • recession
Arla Takala

Spain unemployment hits record high - Europe - Al Jazeera English - 0 views

  • unemployment
    • Arla Takala
       
      One of the 4 primary macroeconomic objective
  • jobless rate of 24.4 per cent in first quarter,
    • Arla Takala
       
      Governments set target for unemployment is about 5% each year
  • "BBB "
    • Arla Takala
       
      Bond credit rating--> BBB - has adequate capacity to meet its financial commitments
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • The figures are terrible for everyone and terrible for the government
    • Arla Takala
       
      Terrible for everyone: --> no job = no income --> less spending Terrible for government: --> decrease on government revenue --> government has to spend more money on unemployment benefits --> government is receiving less money and spending more money --> budget deficit
  • economy to shrink
    • Arla Takala
       
      Negative economic growth can cause recession
  • fiscal
    • Arla Takala
       
      Government policy that focuses on taxes and government spending to improve the economy
  • S&P predicts the Spanish economy will shrink by 1.5 per cent this year, having previously forecasted growth of 0.3 per cen
    • Arla Takala
       
      Decrease in GDP due to decrease in consumer spending
  • It added that Spain's commercial banks are increasingly leaning to official sources for funds as they struggle to deal with piles of bad loans, especially in real estate.
    • Arla Takala
       
      Decrease in government spending
Emily Hoshi

BBC News - China inflation growth dims hopes of interest rate cut - 0 views

  • inflation
    • Emily Hoshi
       
      definition for inflation 
  • interest rate
    • Emily Hoshi
       
      definition for interest rate
  • costs pushed up
    • Emily Hoshi
       
      definition for cost push inflation
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • Consumer prices grew by 3.6% in March from a year earlier, up from 3.2% in February. Analysts had forecast an increase of 3.3%.
    • Emily Hoshi
       
      graph showing the increase in consumer prices 
  • set a target of 4% for 2012.
    • Emily Hoshi
       
      the effect of setting a 4% inflation (?) --> graph and show
  • central bank to hold back on monetary policy easing for now.
    • Emily Hoshi
       
      the reason why (?)
  • stronger-than-expected inflation could slow down the pace of monetary policy relaxin
  • China's economy grew by 8.9% in the three months
    • Emily Hoshi
       
      giving reasons to it why their economy is slowing down 
  • slowest pace of growth in more than two years.
  • markets such as the US and eurozone.
  • slowing demand for its exports
    • Emily Hoshi
       
      point this in the graph 
  • China's central bank has been easing its monetary policy in recent months.
  • sustain its pace of growth
  • boost
  • cut the amount of money banks must keep in reserve
  • sustain economic growth
  • speculation that the central bank may cut the cost of borrowing in a further attempt to boost growth.
  • money at low rates may push consumer prices higher.
  •  
    Mr. Seldis: Is this okay for my IA2?
Shoko Kuroda

U.S. Growth Slows to 2.2%, Report Says - NYTimes.com - 1 views

    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      It clearly states that the increase in consumer confidence shifted the AD curve to the right and how this lead to the stable US GDP growth
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      can draw a graph describing the growth in GDP by a AD curve shift to the right
  • Business investment, which had been a bright spot, declined in the most recent quarter.
  • ...24 more annotations...
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Business investment is stated as another factor which contributed to the decrease in GDP growth 
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Explanation as to what is GDP, its definition and the major factors which influence GDP. GDP= C (consumption)+G (government spending) +I (investment) +(X-M) (exports- imports)
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Could give an insight to some statistics as to what the GDP growth rates are for few countries around the world 
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Evaluate on the two different perspectives and the extent to both are valid 
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      reducing unemployment is another factor which affects GDP. State and explain how employment increases GDP. When people are employed this increases consumer confidence and results in consumers to be more willing to pay for goods and services and therefore increases consumption which is a big part of GDP. 
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Explain the relationship between the GDP of other countries. Such in this time period, Greece as a country was going the path of becoming bankrupt. The Euro-crisis contracted the economy of many countries. When they have a smaller economy, they have less amount of exports and therefore this could have made the difference between exports and imports significant and influenced GDP. 
  • Government spending also fell
  • particularly large drop in military outlays.
  • Many economists pointed out that consumer spending, mostly on cars and other large items, seemed to have come at a cost. Consumer savings declined.
  • decline in business investment.
  • Businesses spent more on equipment and software but much less on infrastructure.
  • decline in investment in
  • construction related to mining, oil and gas
  • series of external shocks, like a spike in gas prices (this year’s was less severe and is already subsiding) and the Ja
  • panese earthquake.
  • where many countries are already in recession and where this week Britain announced that it had entered the dreaded “double dip.”
  • slowing of China’s breakneck
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Decline in business investment, infrastructures invest more money therefore bring a bigger influence on growth of GDP whereas equipment and software have little affect since it is not as expensive as building roads and buildings. 
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Investment on construction of mining, oil and gas is similar to business investment on infrastructure since they acquire a lot of money whereas spendings on factories and office buildings are not as expensive as construction related spending. 
  • Shipments of durable goods increased last month, but new orders showed the steepest drop since January 2009.
  • unemployment benefits have risen.
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Unemployment benefits have risen, indicating that since there is a population who dont have a job, the government has to afford them unemployment benefits which reduces GDP. 
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Natural hazards such as the Earthquake and Tsunami which hit Fukushima on March 11, reduced the exports of Japanese goods to foreign countries due to the news of radiation. Because of a decrease in demand for Japanese goods, this could have reduced imports for America and a smaller difference between exports and imports of goods. 
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Because China has such a global impact on the world's economy, the slowing growth of the Chinese economy could reduce consumption of goods, considering the fact that the prices of Chinese goods could increase. 
Riley Rademaker

BBC News - Chivas Brothers outlines £40m whisky investment plans - 3 views

  • Drinks firm Chivas Brothers has outlined a £40m investment programme as it seeks to meet growing demand for whisky in emerging markets.
    • Riley Rademaker
       
      Chivas brothers trying to increase the supply because of a increase in demand
  • Chivas aims to boost its malt whisky distillation capacity by 25%
    • Riley Rademaker
       
      With the 25% you can find out the old supply
  • Glen Keith is expect to reopen in April 2013, having been mothballed in 2000.
    • Riley Rademaker
       
      This can lead to more supply and even more demand.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • This investment, allied to strong market growth
    • Riley Rademaker
       
      This investment will increase the GDP of the market
  • New heat recovery technology is also being introduced to make stills 25% more efficient.
    • Christian Bager
       
      This shows the impact of R&D on the efficiency
  • The company is to reopen a mothballed distillery in Banffshire and expand four existing distilleries as part of its plans for the year.
  • £40m investment programme for the year was in line with average amounts spent annually over the past few years.
    • Riley Rademaker
       
      The money put in R&D for chivas brothers has been consistently using the same amount of money over the past few years to develop their product
  •  
    This will be my IA article
Shoko Kuroda

BBC News - Energy committee attacks UK carbon price - 0 views

    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Minimum price, therefore it is micro economics 
  • higher carbon options more expensive.
  • developing a low carbon economy
  • ...12 more annotations...
  • reducing uncertainty and creating incentives for investment in low carbon electricity generation now, so we have lower emissions in the future,
  • put aside money
  • The governmen
  • £250m package of support."
  • The government expects to raise £1.4bn
  • However the recession has significantly reduced industrial output - and so demand for credits to cover industrial emissions has also fallen.
  • If the actual price is below the floor, companies must pay the difference to the Treasury.
  • The extra cost will be passed on to consumers, it warns.
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      If Carbon becomes more expensive, this reduces the number of firms which still can afford the price and therefore leads to reducing the amount of Carbon. 
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      Recession, the business cycle suggested by Keynes can be introduced with a digram and explanation. 
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      A diagram representing the impact of minimum price should be drawn and explained. Consumer burden needs to be explained as well. 
    • Shoko Kuroda
       
      This can be explained to support why when an economy is in recession, it has a similar impact as minimum price has. In addition, this also has a negative affect on the government who has the benefit of minimum price since then they are able to collect the money. Therefore this reduces the intention of the government to set a minimum price since they would have less benefit when the economy is in a recession. 
Ayaka Matsumura

BBC News - China inflation rate dips to a 30-month low in July - 0 views

  • inflation
  • Consumer
  • dips to a 30-month low
  • ...24 more annotations...
  • rose by 1.8%
  • down from a 2.2%
  • 3% rise
  • spur domestic consumption
  • domestic consumption
  • domestic consumption
  • many Asian economies
  • Rising consumer prices
  • China's economy grew at its slowest pace in three years in second quarter.
  • 18.7%
  • and 6.1%
  • key drivers of the slowdown in the rate of inflation.
  • China's economy grew at an annual rate of 7.6%
  • slowing global demand for its exports.
  • down from an 8.1% expansion
  • boost stimulus measures
  • world's second-largest economy may slow further
  • Beijing has taken various measures to spur growth.
  • the People's Bank of China, has cut its key interest rates twice since the start of June.
  • benchmark lending rate down to 6%
  • more money to lend to consumers and businesses
  • slowdown in the growth of consumer prices may see policymakers introduce further measures to boost growth
  • more room for policy easing
  • rate of inflation was "likely be below the official 4% percent target for the year, so the policy focus for the government can stay clearly on growth
  •  
    China's inflation dipped to a 30-month low in July, giving policymakers a bigger cushion to boost stimulus measures to spur economic growth. Consumer prices rose by 1.8% in July, from a year earlier. That was down from a 2.2% growth rate in June and a 3% rise in May.
Risako Okamoto

China CPI: Inflation rising again - Sep. 8, 2012 - 0 views

  • Inflation jumps as economy slows
    • Risako Okamoto
       
      Topic is on inflation
  • consumer
  • consumer price inflatio
    • Risako Okamoto
       
      inflation increases due to decrease in the economy
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • slows
  • nsumers paid 2
    • Risako Okamoto
       
      increase by 2%
  • Food prices
    • Risako Okamoto
       
      food prices went up due to inflation. it rose 3.4%. the products are getting more expensive. 
kakomori

Tobacco companies ordered to advertise smoking risk - Nov. 27, 2012 - 2 views

  • - "Smoking kills, on average, 1,200 Americans. Every day." - "More people die every year from smoking than from murder, AIDS, suicide, drugs, car crashes, and alcohol, combined." - "Secondhand smoke kills over 3,000 Americans each year."
alisaw

Liverpool and Manchester United fans to launch ticket price campaign as Man City return... - 2 views

  • cost £62 each, making them unaffordable for many fans
    • alisaw
       
      Demand - less people are willing and able to pay for the tickets
    • alisaw
       
      Could mention how usually ticket prices are rather inelastic but in this case it's gone to the point that people are complaining
  • demand a reduction in ticket prices.
  • We're going to be launching a campaign within a few weeks, we will be calling for a maximum ticket price in the Premier League for away fans
    • alisaw
       
      Can show diagrammatically the effect of a maximum price on ticket prices
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • He added that TV revenue could be used to subsidise ticket prices, and claimed that the extra money coming into the game next season could be used to reduce ticket prices by £32.
    • alisaw
       
      -What is TV Revenue? -How would subsidising the tickets lead to solving this problem?
    • alisaw
       
      (Can also use the values)
  • When Stoke, a less glamorous side, visit the Emirates, for example, their supporters will be able to get in for just £32.50.
    • alisaw
       
      Can talk about why it is that certain teams are more expensive to watch
  • the campaign.
Keisuke Ozeki

Premier League fans rage over ticket prices after new TV deal said to earn millions | F... - 3 views

    • Keisuke Ozeki
       
      Taking advantage of consumers with inelastic demand for football
  • increased ticket prices make little difference to a club's overall revenue.
    • Keisuke Ozeki
       
      Price increase does not lead to revenue increase
  • hiking the cost of a season ticket "despite failing to deliver Champions League football".
    • Keisuke Ozeki
       
      Inelastic Demand Curve - people still decide to support despite their underachievement
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • one in ten season ticket holders at a top-flight club would not renew their pass next season because of the cost, and almost a quarter were unsure if they could afford to buy another season ticket.
    • Keisuke Ozeki
       
      Losing buyers
Yayoi Tanikawa

BBC News - Japan retail sales and household spending continues in April - 2 views

  • sales and household spending continues in April Japan has been trying to boost domestic demand to sustain its economic growth Continue reading the main story Related Stories Sales tax hike is a bitter pill
  • continues
  • sales
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • Retail sales climbed by 5.8% from a year earlier, while household spending rose by 2.6%.
  • Policymakers have been trying to boost domestic sales to offset weaker exports.
  • pan has been trying to boost domestic demand to sust
  • Car subsidies
  • t consumer sentiment was also improving
    • Yayoi Tanikawa
       
      if consumer sentiment improves, they will be more willing to consume, therefore increasing AD
  • Last year people didn't travel much after the earthquake, but this year we see people willing to spend more money on vacations
  • actually 0.3% lower in April than they were in Marc
  • retail sales were
  • rate of unemployment ticked slightly higher in April, hitting 4.6% compared with 4.5% in March.
  • "We would need to see an increase in salaries for consumption to improve further,
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