In this article, a serious negative externality of a public good is presented: deaths in a public road, or more specifically a motorway. There are numerous preventable accidents occurring in the road, mostly due to police inefficiency, and neglecting of safety standards. This public good is definitely an example of a market failure.

This article mentions the estimate of the world population in 2050, which is 9 billion people. This would add up 2 billion people more to the actual number, bringing some additional human beings to feed. If as for now, there are 1 billion people hungry in the world, how will this extra 2 billion affect the world's supply of food. A negative externality being referred here, is the fact that as more people are born, there is less food to be given to the ones already here.

This article mentions one oligopoly, relating to the internet, in which several competitors, including Google, eBay, Yahoo, have found several barriers to entry the market in China due to censorship.

After noticing that companies such as apple and blackberry were beating nokia in sales, it decided to change its methods of selling and improve the quality and include more attracting devices. This way, it hopes to regain its former title of biggest selling phones.

This article relates to price discrimination with time as facor, since Wal-Mart is charging different prices at differents moments of the year, under the title of discounts.

This article mentions one natural monopoly in Brazil, that one of eletric power. The electricity company Furnas is now facing serious problems in Brazil when trying to provide electric power, due to bad weather conditions, which have come so far as to cause a blackout in 18 states.

Although this article does not mention any monopoly as such, the word 'merger' did capture my attention, since we studied the concept in the present chapter. In the article, the author is explaining the coming co-operation between two of the most important airlines in China; I have thus implied that these airlines are merging in order to become something close to a monopoly, since they do not want to risk competition uncertainties.

Russian steelmaker, Severstal, has posted a net profit of $66 million. The article says this was partly due to the reduction in production costs, thus improving the productive effciency.

This article relates to the great competitivity which is undoubtedly present in the Canadian music market, "with 11 times the music businesses expected for its size."

Rostelecom, a Russian firm, suffered 85 percent profit loss, falling from 9.8 roubles to 1.4 roubles. This was due to a foreign exchange loss.

This article describes the slow recovery Citigroup is going through after the "recent near-death experience" it suffered; this was due to the increasing costs of production which brought negative returns and started to create debts, almost deleting all budget. It is rising again thanks to a subsidy offered by the government.

This article promotes Portugal as a place where to buy houses for summer and holidays; it refers to elasticity as the propaganda views that during holidays there will probably be an increase in demand due to the remanining accessible prices of houses in Porto and Lisbon. Since prices are good, demand at summer will tend to increase.

The demand for plastics has increased and is expected to grow even stronger due to the eradication of taxes by the government, which has logically lowered prices. Elasticity is here referred to as demand for plastic increases due to the decrease in prices. However, plastics industry fears a decrease in demand if taxes are re-established; referring to elasticity as well.

This article refers to the dilemma of producing energy but through wasting a huge amount of resources, in this case electricity vs. water. The Solar Millenium, a German developer, would provide hundred of jobs and generate electricity, but this would imply the use of 1.3 billion gallons of water a year, 20 percent of the water available to the town.

In this article, the relation between supply and price is being referred to, as Opec is being criticized for lowering the price of crude oil although it has announced the largest supply cut in its history. The article thus criticizes Opec, and in short accuses it of not using price as help on allocating crude oil.

The french government has implemented a tax on carbon, aiming to "solely" reduce the use of fossil fuels. Sarkozy explains that this benevolent and kind action is for the greater good, to "save the human race."