Jewish Fighting Organization (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa; ZOB)
Molotov cocktails, hand grenades, and a handful of small arms
During the same year, ghetto inhabitants rose against the Germans in Vilna (Vilnius), Bialystok, and a number of other ghettos
Jewish prisoners rose against their guards at three killing centers
Thousands of young Jews resisted by escaping from the ghettos into the forests.
There they joined Soviet partisan units or formed separate partisan units to harass the German occupiers.
At Treblinka in August 1943 and Sobibor in October 1943, prisoners armed with stolen weapons attacked the SS staff and the Trawniki-trained auxiliary guards
Jewish Special Detachment (Sonderkommando)
the SS identified five women, four of them Jewish, who had been involved in supplying the members of the Sonderkommando with explosives to blow up a crematorium. All five women were killed.
Roosevelt's loathing of the whole Nazi regime was known the moment he took office.
Thomas Mann, the most famous of the non-Jewish refugees from the Nazis, met with FDR at the White House in 1935 and confided that for the first time he believed the Nazis would be beaten because in Roosevelt he had met someone who truly understood the evil of Adolf Hitler.
Extensive propaganda was used to spread the regime's goals and ideals. Upon the death of German president Paul von Hindenburg in August 1934, Hitler assumed the powers of the presidency. The army swore an oath of personal loyalty to him. Hitler's dictatorship rested on his position as Reich President (head of state), Reich Chancellor (head of government), and Fuehrer (head of the Nazi party). According to the "Fuehrer principle," Hitler stood outside the legal state and determined matters of policy himself.