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Garth Holman

The De Soto expedition - North Carolina Digital History - 0 views

www.learnnc.org/...1694

spanish Exploration explore explorers

shared by Garth Holman on 19 May 14 - Cached
  • De Soto’s expedition through the southeastern United States in 1539–43 was one of the earliest of the early contacts between Europeans and native peoples. Research on the expedition has contributed in no small way to the “quantum leap” in our understanding of the age. In a cluster of related projects that have drawn on an unusual cross-fertilization between historical and archaeological research, a group of scholars in the Southeast is attempting to plot the route that de Soto took, as a way of understanding the “social geography” of the native societies he met. The work on the de Soto expedition offers a revealing snapshot of the growing body of research on the earliest encounters between the civilizations of Europe and the Americas.
  • Hoping to find the riches that other Spanish explorers had discovered in Central and South America, de Soto landed in May 1539 near Tampa Bay, Fla., with about 600 men, a few hundred horses, packs of dogs, and a large herd of pigs. The army set out north and west through Florida.
  • Garth Holman on 19 May 14
     
    de Soto Route in the southeast United States.  
Alexander AER

What is another name historians give to the "middle ages"? - Yahoo! Answers - 1 views

answers.yahoo.com/...index

7th SocialStudies Medieval

shared by Alexander AER on 20 Dec 11 - No Cached
  • Generally, the Middle Ages, or Medieval Era (means the same thing), runs from the fall of Rome to the fall of Constantinople. There's considerable disagreement about the "Dark Ages": almost every reputable modern history book rejects this term. With new research, scholars have shown that the popular mythos built up regarding the so-called Dark Ages is completely false. Most of the common people had decent living standards, including sanitation and bathing (which did not go out of fashion until after the Black Death), science and scientific discoveries, and even today studies are proving that many of the old herbals were correct in their observations.
  • Alexander AER on 20 Dec 11
     
    Generally, the Middle Ages, or Medieval Era (means the same thing), runs from the fall of Rome to the fall of Constantinople. There's considerable disagreement about the "Dark Ages": almost every reputable modern history book rejects this term. With new research, scholars have shown that the popular mythos built up regarding the so-called Dark Ages is completely false. Most of the common people had decent living standards, including sanitation and bathing (which did not go out of fashion until after the Black Death), science and scientific discoveries, and even today studies are proving that many of the old herbals were correct in their observations.
alove_

Black Death burials reveal the diversity of London's medieval population - Medievalists... - 1 views

www.medievalists.net/...of-londons-medieval-population

medieval europe london diverstiy middle ages black death

shared by alove_ on 10 Sep 19 - No Cached
  • Their findings reveal that while most of the population would be classified as European, close to thirty percent were found to have some heritage outside of Europe – sometimes cases of dual heritage.
  • Many of the African peoples in Europe during this period would have been slaves or at least the descendants of slaves.The authors note that previous research suggests that between they years 1100 and 1400 an average of 5500 people per year were being transported from Africa to Europe through the trans-Saharan slave trade network. Others would have arrived in Europe in various capacities – ambassadors, pilgrims, musicians, soldiers and craftsmen.
  • Other research has found that medieval London was very diverse.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • Documentary sources revealed the presence of at least 17,376 individuals of foreign origin were in London between the years 1336 and 1584, as far away as Iceland and India.
  • New research on people buried in London during the Black Death suggests that the city’s population was more diverse than currently believed, including the presence of people with African heritage.
Garth Holman

Information Fad Bandwagon Internet World Wide Web - 1 views

www.fno.org/questions.html

essentialquestions Questioning Essential_questions

shared by Garth Holman on 10 Sep 12 - Cached
  • Essential questions spark our curiosity and sense of wonder. They derive from some deep wish to understand some thing which matters to us.
    • mrs. b.
      mrs. b. on 13 Sep 12
       
      This is great information!
  • ¥ Answers to essential questions cannot be found. They must be invented. It is something like cooking a great meal. The researcher goes out on a shopping expedition for the raw ingredients, but "the proof is in the pudding." Students must construct their own answers and make their own meaning from the information they have gathered. They create insight.
  • ¥ Essential questions engage students in the kinds of real life applied problem-solving suggested by nearly every new curriculum report or outline curriculum standards such as the NCTM and the Science Standards.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • ¥ Answering such questions may take a life time, and even then, the answers may only be tentative ones. This kind of research, like good writing, should proceed over the course of several weeks, with much of the information gathering taking place outside of formally scheduled class hours.
  • Essential questions usually lend themselves well to multidisciplinary investigations, requiring that students apply the skills and perspectives of math and language arts while wrestling with content from social studies or science.
dcs-armstrong

Scientists Blame Gerbils (Not Rats) for the Black Death - History in the Headlines - 2 views

www.history.com/...s-not-rats-for-the-black-death

shared by dcs-armstrong on 01 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • Scientists Blame Gerbils (Not Rats) for the Black Death
    • dcs-armstrong
      dcs-armstrong on 01 Apr 15
       
      Scientists Blame Gerbils for the Spread of the Black Death
  • team of researchers now claims that blame may have been misplaced
  • researchers from the University of Oslo analyzed climate data going back to the 14th century
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • 7,711 historical plague outbreaks
  • Instead, they say, outbreaks of the Black Death seem to correspond with weather patterns in Asia, not Europe itself
  • plague outbreaks in Europe can be linked to the years that central Asia experienced wet springs followed by warm summe
  • such conditions would have been terrible for black rats, the scientists point out, they would have created ideal breeding conditions for another plague-bearing rodent: the gerbil.
John Woodbridge

Medieval Knight's Tomb Found Beneath Parking Lot - Yahoo! News - 0 views

news.yahoo.com/ath-parking-lot-221641582.html

Quest2

shared by John Woodbridge on 15 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • Archaeologists who were on hand during the construction of a new building in Edinburgh uncovered a carved sandstone slab, decorated with markers of nobility — a Calvary cross and a sword
  • Scientists plan to analyze the bones and teeth to learn more about this possible knight or nobleman
  • archaeologists have already dated the gravestone to the thirteenth century
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Builders at the site expected they would find historic objects during construction. Before it became a parking lot (coincidentally, once used by the University of Edinburgh's archaeology department), the site housed the 17th-century Royal High School, the 16th-century Old High School, and the 13th-century Blackfriars Monastery, researchers said. Archaeologists also apparently uncovered some medieval remains of the monastery, which had been destroyed and somewhat lost since the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century.
  • John Woodbridge on 15 Mar 13
     
    Story about an archeological find in Scotland
Garth Holman

Medieval Castle History - 0 views

www.medieval-castles.net/...index.htm

shared by Garth Holman on 21 Feb 13 - Cached
  • there was an explosion of castle construction as feudal lords sought to consolidate their power and provide fortresses for the inhabitants of their kingdoms.
  • Research shows that castles served a very utilitarian role in feudal society. It was protector, visible landmark, and source of pride among many communities.
  • William the Conqueror, from Normandy, France, invaded England in 1066 and changed the medieval landscape forever. Medieval societies soon witnessed the erection of stone towers and walls in every country. Simple Norman donjons evolved into more elaborate strongholds with towering walls, defensive systems and could house sometimes thousands of people.
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Military tactics centered on the taking of castles, and weapon technology improved over the centuries to exploit any weakness that could be found in castle architecture. It wasn't until the late 1600s, when gunpowder and artillery became more effective, that the castle became obsolete.
  • Garth Holman on 21 Feb 13
     
    Great site for History, defenses, architecture and castle life.  
Kalina P

Barbara Ehrenreich: Nickel and Dimed (2011 Version) - 2 views

www.huffingtonpost.com/...d-dimed-2011-ver_b_922330.html

poverty horizons

shared by Kalina P on 12 Dec 12 - No Cached
  • , “Make love not war,” and then -- down at the bottom -- “Screw it, just make money.”
  • A Florida woman wrote to tell me that, before reading it, she’d always been annoyed at the poor for what she saw as their self-inflicted obesity.
  • . I started with my own extended family, which includes plenty of people without jobs or health insurance, and moved on to trying to track down a couple of the people I had met while working on Nickel and Dimed
  • ...58 more annotations...
  • widely read among low-wage workers. In the last few years, hundreds of people have written to tell me their stories: the mother of a newborn infant whose electricity had just been turned off, the woman who had just been given a diagnosis of cancer and has no health insurance, the newly homeless man who writes from a library computer.
  • t things have gotten much worse, especially since the economic downturn that began in 2008.
  • earned less than a barebones budget covering housing, child care, health care, food, transportation, and taxes -- though not, it should be noted, any entertainment, meals out, cable TV, Internet service, vacations, or holiday gifts. Twenty-nine percent is a minority, but not a reassuringly small one, and other studies in the early 2000s came up with similar figures.
  • -- the skipped meals, the lack of medical care, the occasional need to sleep in cars or vans -
  • The economy was growing, and jobs, if poorly paid, were at least plentiful.
  • many of these jobs had disappeared and there was stiff competition for those that remained
  • a healthy diet wasn’t always an option.  And if I had a quarter for every person who’s told me he or she now tipped more generously, I would be able to start my own foundation.
  • and and was subsisting on occasional cleaning and catering jobs. Neither seemed unduly afflicted by the recessi
  • suicide a “coping strategy,” but it is one way some people have responded to job los
  • Media attention has focused, understandably enough, on the “nouveau poor” -- formerly middle and even upper-middle class people who lost their jobs, their homes, and/or their investments in the financial crisis of 2008 and the economic downturn that followed it, but the brunt of the recession has been borne by the blue-collar working class, which had already been sliding downwards since de-industrialization began in the 1980s.
  • were especially hard hit for the simple reason that they had so few assets and savings to fall back on as jobs disappea
  • cut back on health care.
  • e to moves and suspensions of telephone service
  • Food i
  • “food auctions,” which offer items that may be past their sell-by dates.
  • urban hunting. In Racine, Wisconsin, a 51-year-old laid-off mechanic told me he was supplementing his diet by “shooting squirrels and rabbits and eating them stewed, baked, and grilled.” In Detroit, where the wildlife population has mounted as the human population ebbs, a retired truck driver was doing a brisk business in raccoon carcasses, which he recommends marinating with vinegar and spices.
  • ncrease the number of paying people per square foot of dwelling space -- by doubling up or renting to couch-surfer
  • “people who’ve lost their jobs, or at least their second jobs, cope by doubling or tripling up in overcrowded apartments, or by paying 50 or 60 or even 70 percent of their incomes in rent.”
  • g members of my extended family, have given up their health insurance.
  • - a government safety net that is meant to save the poor from spiraling down all the way to destitutio
  • The food stamp program has responded to the crisis fairly well, to the point where it now reaches about 37 million people, up about 30% from pre-recession levels.
  • ? There is a right to food stamps. You go to the office and, if you meet the statutory definition of need, they h
  • elp you. For welfare, the street-level bureaucrats can, pretty much at their own discretion, just say no.
  • Delaware residents who had always imagined that people turned to the government for help only if “they didn’t want to work.
  • ace a state-sponsored retraining course in computer repairs -- only to find that those skills are no longer in demand.
  • 44% of laid-off people at the time, she failed to meet the fiendishly complex and sometimes arbitrary eligibility requirements for unemployment benefits. Their car started falling apart.
  • Temporary Assistance to Needy Families.
  • TANF does not offer straightforward cash support like Aid to Families with Dependent Children, which it replaced in 1996. It’s an income supplementation program for working parents, and it was based on the sunny assumption that there would always be plenty of jobs for those enterprising enough to get them.
  • When the Parentes finally got into “the system” and began receiving food stamps and some cash assistance, they discovered why some recipients have taken to calling TANF “Torture and Abuse of Needy Families.” From the start, the TANF experience was “humiliating,” Kristen says. The caseworkers “treat you like a bum. They act like every dollar you get is coming out of their own paychecks.”
  • 40 jobs a week
  • miles a day to attend “job readiness” classes offered by a private company called Arbor, wh
  • were “frankly a joke.”
  • , “applying for welfare is a lot like being booked by the police.”  There may be a mug shot, fingerprinting, and lengthy interrogations as to one’s children’s true paternity. The ostensible goal is to prevent welf
  • fraud, but the psychological impact is to turn poverty itself into a kind of crime.
  • The most shocking thing I learned from my research on the fate of the working poor in the recession was the extent to which poverty has indeed been criminalized in America.
  • Perhaps the constant suspicions of drug use and theft that I encountered in low-wage workplaces should have alerted me to the fact that, when you leave the relative safety of the middle class, you might as well have given up your citizenship and taken residence in a hostile nation.
  • Most cities, for example, have ordinances designed to drive the destitute off the streets by outlawing such necessary activities of daily life as sitting, loitering, sleeping, or lying down. Urban officials boast that there is nothing discriminatory about such laws: “If you’re lying on a sidewalk, whether you’re homeless or a millionaire, you’re in violation of the ordinance,” a St. Petersburg, Florida, city attorney stated in June 2009, echoing Anatole France’s immortal observation that “the law, in its majestic equality, forbids the rich as well as the poor to sleep under bridges...”
  • the criminalization of poverty has actually intensified as the weakened economy generates ever more poverty.
  • ordinances against the publicly poor has been rising since 2006, along with the harassment of the poor for more “neutral” infractions like jaywalking, littering, or carrying an open container.
  • ban on begging
  • grizzled 62-year-old, he inhabits a wheelchair and is often found on G Street in Washington, D.C. -- the city that is ultimately responsible for the bullet he took in the spine in Phu Bai, Vietnam, in 1972.
  • “They arrested a homeless man in a shelter for being homeless?”
  • , led by Las Vegas, passed ordinances forbidding the sharing of food with the indigent in public places, leadi
  • way to be criminalized by poverty is to have the wrong color skin. Indignation runs high when a celebrity professor succumbs to racial profiling, but whole communities are effectively “profiled” for the suspicious combination of being both dark-skinned and poor. Flick a cigarette and you’re “littering”; wear the wrong color T-shirt and you’re displaying gang allegiance. Just strolling around in a dodgy neighborhood can mark you as a potential suspect. And don’t get grumpy about it or you could be “resisting arrest.”
  • e government defunds services that might help the poor while ramping up law enforcement.
  •  Shut down public housing, then make it a crime to be homeless. Generate no public-sector jobs, then penalize people for falling into debt.
  • The experience of the poor, and especially poor people of color, comes to resemble that of a rat in a cage scrambling to avoid erratically administered electric shocks. And if you should try to escape this nightmare reality into a brief, drug-induced high, it’s “gotcha” all over again, because that of course is illegal too.
  • r staggering level of incarceration,
  • g. And what public housing remains has become ever more prison-like, with random police sweeps and, in a growing number of cities, proposed drug tests for residents.
  • The safety net, or what remains of it, has been transformed into a dragnet.
  • official level of poverty increasing -- to over 14% in 2010 -- some states are beginning to ease up on the criminalization of poverty, using alternative sentencing methods, shortening probation, and reducing the number of people locked up for technical violations like missing court appointments. But others, diabolically enough, are tightening the screws: not only increasing the number of “crimes,” but charging prisoners for their room and board, guaranteeing they’ll be released with potentially criminalizing levels of debt.
  • a higher minimum wage, universal health care, affordable housing, good schools, reliable public transportation, and all the other things we, uniquely among the developed nations, have neglected to do.
  • : if we want to reduce poverty, we have to stop doing the things that make people poor and keep them that way. Stop underpaying people for the jobs they do. Stop treating working people as potential criminals and let them have the right to organize for better wages and working conditions.
  • : if we want to reduce poverty, we have to stop doing the things that make people poor and keep them that way. Stop underpaying people for the jobs they do. Stop treating working people as potential criminals and let them have the right to organize for better wages and working conditions.
  • : if we want to reduce poverty, we have to stop doing the things that make people poor and keep them that way. Stop underpaying people for the jobs they do. Stop treating working people as potential criminals and let them have the right to organize for better wages and working conditions.
  • : if we want to reduce poverty, we have to stop doing the things that make people poor and keep them that way. Stop underpaying people for the jobs they do. Stop treating working people as potential criminals and let them have the right to organize for better wages and working conditions.
  • Stop the institutional harassment of those who turn to the government for help or find themselves destitute in the streets
  • But at least we should decide, as a bare minimum principle, to stop kicking people when they’re down.
mukul g

Poe's Life | Edgar Allan Poe Museum - 1 views

www.poemuseum.org/life.php

poe allan edgar Biography museum research 8th Grade LA

shared by mukul g on 01 Nov 12 - No Cached
    • mukul g
      mukul g on 01 Nov 12
       
      He is separated from his brothers and sisters!!!!!
  • . Griswold followed the obituary with a memoir in which he portrayed Poe as a drunken, womanizing madman with no morals and no friends.  Griswold’s attacks were meant to cause the public to dismiss Poe and his works, but the biography had exactly the opposite effect and instead drove the sales of Poe’s books higher than they had ever been during the author’s lifetime.
  • Days after Poe’s death, his literary rival Rufus Griswold wrote a libelous obituary of the author in a misguided attempt at revenge for some of the offensive things Poe had said and written about him
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • The real Poe was born to traveling actors in Boston on January 19, 1809
  • Two years later he heard that Frances Allan, the only mother he had ever known, was dying of tuberculosis and wanted to see him before she died. By the time Poe returned to Richmond she had already been buried. Poe and Allan briefly reconciled, and Allan helped Poe gain an appointment to the United States Military Academy at West Point. 
  • Humiliated by his poverty and furious with Allan for not providing enough funds in the first place, Poe returned to Richmond and visited the home of his fiancée Elmira Royster, only to discover that she had become engaged to another man in Poe’s absence.
  • Before going to West Point, Poe published another volume of poetry
  • . After only eight months at West Point Poe was thrown out, but he soon published yet another book.
  • Within three years of Poe’s birth both of his parents had died, and he was taken in by the wealthy tobacco merchant John Allan and his wife Frances Valentine Allan in Richmond, Virginia while Poe’s siblings went to live with other families.
  • Poe was living in poverty but had started publishing his short stories
  • “Panic of 1837,” Poe struggled to find magazine work and wrote his only novel, The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym. 
Garth Holman

History Engine: Tools for Collaborative Education and Research | Home - 0 views

historyengine.richmond.edu

history searchengine collaborative richmond

shared by Garth Holman on 19 Apr 12 - Cached
  • Garth Holman on 19 Apr 12
     
    Website for History only searches. 
Livi E

Silk Road - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

en.wikipedia.org/Silk_Road

shared by Livi E on 15 Mar 12 - Cached
  • refers to a historical network of interlinking trade routes across the Afro-Eurasian landmass that connected East, South, and Western Asia with the Mediterranean and European world
  • Extending 4,000 miles (6,500 km), the Silk Road gets its name from the lucrative Chinese silk trade along it,
  • silk was certainly the major trade item from China, many other goods were traded, and various technologies, religions and philosophies, as well as the bubonic plague (the "Black Death"), also traveled along the Silk Routes. Some of the other goods traded included luxuries such as silk, satin, hemp and other fine fabrics, musk, other perfumes, spices, medicines, jewels, glassware, and even rhubarb, as well as slaves.[4] China traded silk, teas, and porcelain; while India traded spices, ivory, textiles, precious stones, and pepper; and the Roman Empire exported gold, silver, fine glassware, wine, carpets, and jewels.
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • The Mongol expansion throughout the Asian continent from around 1207 to 1360 helped bring political stability and re-establish the Silk Road (via Karakorum). It also brought an end to the Islamic Caliphate's monopoly over world trade. Since the Mongol had dominated the trade routes, it allowed more trade to come in and out of the region. Merchandise that did not seem valuable to the Mongols was often seen as very valuable by the west. As a result, the Mongol received in return a large amount of luxurious goods from the West.
  • The 13th century also saw attempts at a Franco-Mongol alliance, with exchange of ambassadors and (failed) attempts at military collaboration in the Holy Land during the later Crusades,
  • Some research studies indicate that the Black Death, which devastated Europe in the late 1340s, may have reached from Central Asia (or China) to Europe along the trade routes of the Mongol Empire.[28]
    • Shira H
      Shira H on 04 Apr 12
       
      Great site for quest 10 . Lots of information.
    • Shira H
      Shira H on 04 Apr 12
       
      Has lots of information . Great site for quest 10 .  China trade silk and teas and porcelain. 
    • Livi E
      Livi E on 04 Apr 12
       
      this paragraph says a lot of the answers for question 3
Garth Holman

History student learns from her grandfather, makes his WWII story a senior project - Lo... - 0 views

www.ohio.com/...tory-a-senior-project-1.326711

history student story project 7thgrade

shared by Garth Holman on 21 Aug 12 - No Cached
  • II story a senior project
  • When she was little, Heidi Klise listened to her grandpa’s war stories.
  • This story and others persuaded Klise to learn more about her 91-year-old grandpa and use his story for her Independent Study Senior Project at the College of Wooster.
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • “As a historian, I think it’s really important to archive the stories of people,” she said.
  • The 22-year-old spent the last school year meeting with him and researching his role in World War II for her thesis.
  • Klise said she had only heard snippets of his war stories in the past. She said her questions would “jog his memory” and he would share more and more.
  • “I was surprised she was interested,” he said.
  • The group is disbanding because so many of its members have died.
  • And their story, just like Win’s, needs to be told so that we remember what war is truly about, the strength and will of the people who fight it.”
rachel c

Kites and Kite Flying - History of Kites and Kite Flying - 0 views

coda.co.za/...history.htm

shared by rachel c on 15 Nov 11 - Cached
  • Benjamin Franklin experimented with kites to investigate atmospheric electricity,
  • were used for sending meteorologic instruments aloft to measure wind velocity, temperature, barometric pressure, and humidity.
  • wind velocity
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Later it was experimented as a science instrument for various researches
  • rachel c on 15 Nov 11
     
    shows how kites were used
Garth Holman

Essential Questions - 0 views

questioning.org/...essential.html

essential questions critical thinking pedagogy

shared by Garth Holman on 30 Sep 13 - Cached
  • These are questions that touch our hearts and souls. They are central to our lives. They help to define what it means to be human.
  • of curriculum and lessons. Most essential questions are interdisciplinary in natur
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 30 Sep 13
       
      How would this work in class? 
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • Essential questions usually probe the deep and often confounding issues confronting us - complex and baffling matters that elude simple answers: Life - Death - Marriage - Identity - Purpose - Betrayal - Honor Integrity - Courage - Temptation - Faith - Leadership - Addiction Invention - Inspiration
  • They are worthy of our time and are likely to spark interest and awaken curiosity.
  • Many of us believe that schools should devote more time to essential questions and less time to Trivial Pursuit.
  • The question probes a matter of considerable importance. The question requires movement beyond understanding and studying - some kind of action or resolve - pointing toward the settlement of a challenge, the making of a choice or the forming of a decision. The question cannot be answered by a quick and simple “yes” or “no” answer. The question probably endures, shifts and evolves with time and changing conditions - offering a moving target in some respects. The question may be unanswerable in the ultimate sense. The question may frustrate the researcher, may prove arid rather than fertile and may evade the quest for clarity and understanding.
  • They pass the test of “So what?” They focus on matters of import.
  • They require new thought rather than the mere collection of facts, second hand opinions or cut-and-paste thinking.
  • Most of the important thought we will conduct during our lives will center on such essential questions.
  • Garth Holman on 30 Sep 13
     
    Whole book can be downloaded as a PDF.
Garth Holman

BBC News - 'Gerbils replace rats' as main cause of Black Death - 3 views

www.bbc.com/...science-environment-31588671

BlackDeath research quest10

shared by Garth Holman on 25 Feb 15 - No Cached
  • If we're right, we'll have to rewrite that part of history."
  • The Black Death, which originated in Asia, arrived in Europe in 1347 and caused one of the deadliest outbreaks in human history.
  • It had been thought that black rats were responsible for allowing the plague to establish in Europe, with new outbreaks occurring when fleas jumped from infected rodents to humans.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • They compared tree-ring records from Europe with 7,711 historical plague outbreaks to see if the weather conditions would have been optimum for a rat-driven outbreak.
  • "We show that wherever there were good conditions for gerbils and fleas in central Asia, some years later the bacteria shows up in harbour cities in Europe and then spreads across the continent," Prof Stenseth said. He said that a wet spring followed by a warm summer would cause gerbil numbers to boom.
  • And because this was a period when trade between the East and West was at a peak, the plague was most likely brought to Europe along the silk road, Prof Stenseth explained.
  • "Suddenly we could sort out a problem. Why did we have these waves of plagues in Europe?
  • The team now plans to analyse plague bacteria DNA taken from ancient skeletons across Europe. If the genetic material shows a large amount of variation, it would suggest the team's theory is correct.
  • Garth Holman on 25 Feb 15
     
    This article calls into question how the plague was moved from Asia to Europe..not fleas, but Gerbils:) 
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