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mason m

Slavery in Ancient India: Greek, African, Criminal and Volunteer Slaves | Suite101.com - 2 views

john-walsh.suite101.com/lavery-in-ancient-india-a33072

shared by mason m on 17 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • What was
  • the nature of slavery in Ancient India? What kind of people were slaves? Was it possible to escape?
  • e moment of birth, be freed together with her child. Of course, no one can minimize the misery of being enslaved and it is almost certain that many masters were able to disregard these kinds of rules but, nevertheless, at least some structure of protection were provided. These were supplemented by both Hindu and Buddhist precepts, which will also have been influential in affecting the behaviour of some people. A large number of slaves appear to have been sourced from Greece and Greek colony cities. This is shown both by written records and by illustrations of the people involved. The female slave armies that protected the king’s harem were frequently known as Ionians and fought hard to maintain the traditions, names and language of their homelands. Other slaves were bought by traders from the west, bringing people from Africa, Arabia and from time to time, no doubt, the European mainland as well. Traders in eastern waters surely did the same, with slaves brought from Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. It was also possible for free-born Indians to become slaves, perhaps through a court decision after having committed a serious crime. Others might be enslaved as a result of war or trafficking but it was also possible for people to put themselves up for enslavement. They could put their freedom at stake as surety for a cash loan or for a gambling stake. However, enslavement need not be permanent. A financial arrangement could be made in these cases but, if worst came to worst, slaves were allowed one chance to try to escape and, if they managed to get away, they were permitted to claim their freedom permanently. Ads by Google Microsoft® Private Cloud Microsoft.com/readynowBe Ready For The Future. Learn More About Microsoft® Private Cloud! MA in Ancient Greek www.brandeis.edu/gsasGenerous scholarships for 1-year Master's @ Brandeis. Learn more. Native Americans indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.comNews, Culture, Events and More. Visit Our Site & Stay Up To Date! document.getElementById('adsense_placeholder_3').innerHTML = document.getElementById('adsense_ad_3_hidden').innerHTML; Copyright John Walsh. Contact the author to obtain permission for republication. John Walsh - I am a lecturer in business with a wide range of interests. These include anything relating to East and Southeast Asia, especially ... Print Article var addthis_share = { templates: { twitter: '{{title}}: {{url}} via @suite101' } } var addthis_config = { ui_language: "en", ui_cobrand: "Suite101", ui_header_color: "#FFFFFF", ui_header_background: "#336666", data_track_clickback: true } http://platform.twitter.com/widgets/tweet_button.html#_=1321539691113&count=horizontal&dnt=&id=twitter_tweet_button_0&lang=en&original_referer=http%3A%2F%2Fjohn-walsh.suite101.com%2Fslavery-in-ancient-ind
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • lavery has existed in India since the time of the Mauryas at least. However, since Indian society has throughout been subject to the strictly-enforced caste system, the differences between those in the lowest caste and the lot of the slaves are not very great and, in some cases, it may have been better to be a slave. For example, a low caste person had to work constantly to obtain food and water while slaves occasionally (although not very often) could have time off from work. Laws also existed as to what sort of treatment it was permitted to use with slaves: they could be beaten on the back but not the head, for example, while a woman who was made pregnant by her master would, at th  e
  • S &nbsp;lavery has existed in India since the time of the Mauryas at least. However, since Indian society has throughout been subject to the strictly-enforced caste system, the differences between those in the lowest caste and the lot of the slaves are not very great and, in some cases, it may have been better to be a slave. For example, a low caste person had to work constantly to obtain food and water while slaves occasionally (although not very often) could have time off from work. Laws also existed as to what sort of treatment it was permitted to use with slaves: they could be beaten on the back but not the head, for example, while a woman who was made pregnant by her master would, at th &nbsp; e moment of birth, be freed together with her child. Of course, no one can minimize the misery of being enslaved and it is almost certain that many masters were able to disregard these kinds of rules but, nevertheless, at least some structure of protection were provided. These were supplemented by both Hindu and Buddhist precepts, which will also have been influential in affecting the behaviour of some people. A large number of slaves appear to have been sourced from Greece and Greek colony cities. This is shown both by written records and by illustrations of the people involved. The female slave armies that protected the king’s harem were frequently known as Ionians and fought hard to maintain the traditions, names and language of their homelands. Other slaves were bought by traders from the west, bringing people from Africa, Arabia and from time to time, no doubt, the European mainland as well. Traders in eastern waters surely did the same, with slaves brought from Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. It was also possible for free-born Indians to become slaves, perhaps through a court decision after having committed a serious crime. Others might be enslaved as a result of war or trafficking but it was also possible for people to put themselves up for enslavement. They could put their freedom at stake as surety for a cash loan or for a gambling stake. However, enslavement need not be permanent. A financial arrangement could be made in these cases but, if worst came to worst, slaves were allowed one chance to try to escape and, if they managed to get away, they were permitted to claim their freedom permanently. Ads by Google Microsoft® Private Cloud Microsoft.com/readynow Be Ready For The Future. Learn More About Microsoft® Private Cloud! MA in Ancient Greek www.brandeis.edu/gsas Generous scholarships for 1-year Master's @ Brandeis. Learn more. Native Americans indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com News, Culture, Events and More. Visit Our Site &amp; Stay Up To Date! document.getElementById('adsense_placeholder_3').innerHTML = document.getElementById('adsense_ad_3_hidden').innerHTML; Copyright John Walsh . Contact the author to obtain permission for republication. John Walsh - I am a lecturer in business with a wide range of interests. These include anything relating to East and Southeast Asia, especially ... <IMG s
  • &nbsp;lavery has existed in India since the time of the Mauryas at least. However, since Indian society has throughout been subject to the strictly-enforced caste system, the differences between those in the lowest caste and the lot of the slaves are not very great and, in some cases, it may have been better to be a slave. For example, a low caste person had to work constantly to obtain food and water while slaves occasionally (although not very often) could have time off from work. Laws also existed as to what sort of treatment it was permitted to use with slaves: they could be beaten on the back but not the head, for example, while a woman who was made pregnant by her master would, at th &nbsp; e moment of birth, be freed together with her child. Of course, no one can minimize the misery of being enslaved and it is almost certain that many masters were able to disregard these kinds of rules but, nevertheless, at least some structure of protection were provided. These were supplemented by both Hindu and Buddhist precepts, which will also have been influential in affecting the behaviour of some people. A large number of slaves appear to have been sourced from Greece and Greek colony cities. This is shown both by written records and by illustrations of the people involved. The female slave armies that protected the king’s harem were frequently known as Ionians and fought hard to maintain the traditions, names and language of their homelands. Other slaves were bought by traders from the west, bringing people from Africa, Arabia and from time to time, no doubt, the European mainland as well. Traders in eastern waters surely did the same, with slaves brought from Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. It was also possible for free-born Indians to become slaves, perhaps through a court decision after having committed a serious crime. Others might be enslaved as a result of war or trafficking but it was also possible for people to put themselves up for enslavement. They could put their freedom at stake as surety for a cash loan or for a gambling stake. However, enslavement need not be permanent. A financial arrangement could be made in these cases but, if worst came to worst, slaves were allowed one chance to try to escape and, if they managed to get away, they were permitted to claim their freedom permanently. Ads by Google Microsoft® Private Cloud Microsoft.com/readynow Be Ready For The Future. Learn More About Microsoft® Private Cloud! MA in Ancient Greek www.brandeis.edu/gsas Generous scholarships for 1-year Master's @ Brandeis. Learn more. Native Americans indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com News, Culture, Events and More. Visit Our Site &amp; Stay Up To Date! document.getElementById('adsense_placeholder_3').innerHTML = document.getElementById('adsense_ad_3_hidden').innerHTML; Copyright John Walsh . Contact the author to obtain permission for republication. John Walsh
  • mason m on 17 Nov 11
     
    India slavery system and the caste system.
dcs-armstrong

Gothic Names - 1 views

www.themiddleages.net/...names.html

shared by dcs-armstrong on 27 Jan 16 - No Cached
Garth Holman

Caesar Salad Was Named After Caesar Cardini, Not a Roman Emperor - 0 views

www.todayifoundout.com/...ar-cardini-not-a-roman-emperor

Caesar Salad

shared by Garth Holman on 05 Jan 16 - No Cached
  • Garth Holman on 05 Jan 16
     
    MYTH: Caesar Salad was named after the Roman Emperor Title: NOT TRUE. Find out the real story of the Italian immigrate in 1924.
Yuke Z

Inventions of the Renaissance - 2 views

www.mce.k12tn.net/...inventions.htm

renaissance inventions

shared by Yuke Z on 23 Apr 12 - Cached
  • early 1230's to launch fireworks and in weapons.
  • Knights were replaced by the foot soldier who carried firearms.
  • between 1590 and 1608
  • ...11 more annotations...
  • first useful microscope
  • many advances in medicine and hygiene could be made with the microscope.
  • 1608 a Dutch eyeglass maker named Hans Lippershey made the first telescope
  • Isaac Newton improved the telescope by adding mirrors instead of lenses.
  • Galileo Galileo
  • moon had huge valleys and craters
  • discovered four moons orbiting Jupiter.
  • planets revolve around the sun and not around the earth.
  • printed in a book called Starry Messenger in 1610.
  • Robert Hooke published his book Micrographia in 1665 men began to take the microscope seriously.
  • Gutenberg was a goldsmith
Garth Holman

Architecture of the medieval cathedrals of England - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 1 views

en.wikipedia.org/...medieval_cathedrals_of_England

architecture england Cathedral names

shared by Garth Holman on 07 Feb 12 - No Cached
  • 5 Famous features of the cathedrals 5.1 Bristol Cathedral 5.2 Canterbury Cathedral 5.3 Carlisle Cathedral 5.4 Chester Cathedral 5.5 Chichester Cathedral 5.6 Durham Cathedral 5.7 Ely Cathedral 5.8 Exeter Cathedral 5.9 Gloucester Cathedral 5.10 Hereford Cathedral 5.11 Lichfield Cathedral 5.12 Lincoln Cathedral 5.13 Manchester Cathedral 5.14 Norwich Cathedral 5.15 Oxford Cathedral 5.16 Peterborough Cathedral 5.17 Ripon Cathedral 5.18 Rochester Cathedral 5.19 St Albans Cathedral 5.20 Salisbury Cathedral 5.21 Southwark Cathedral 5.22 Southwell Minster 5.23 Wells Cathedral 5.24 Winchester Cathedral 5.25 Worcester Cathedral 5.26 York Minster
  • Garth Holman on 07 Feb 12
     
    List of Cathedral names in England. Search for Cathedrals of France, or your country to find a list to find on Google earth
Cameryn C

Indian Slaves - History for Kids! - 0 views

www.historyforkids.org/...slaves.htm

India kids history ancient slavery

shared by Cameryn C on 03 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • here were probably always slaves in India, but until about 1000 AD there were only a few slaves, and most of them worked as house servants.
  • Islamic conquerors reached India, they forced many more people to be slaves. They sold thousands of these slaves out of India to work in Persia (modern Iran) or Afghanistan. Many of these people worked in the mines. SIGN IN LOG OUT
  • Cameryn C on 03 Nov 11
     
    Ancient Slavery in India
Abbey B

Inventors from Greece - EnchantedLearning.com - 2 views

www.enchantedlearning.com/...greece.shtml

shared by Abbey B on 15 Nov 12 - No Cached
  • Abbey B on 15 Nov 12
     
    This shows some Greek inventions. 
Lorenzo K

Ancient Greece - Geography of the Ancient Greek World and Aegean Map - 1 views

www.ancientgreece.com/...Geography

Greece geography

shared by Lorenzo K on 16 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • Athen
  • s is the symbol of freedom, art, and democracy in the conscience of the civilized world
    • Mackenzie D
      Mackenzie D on 16 Oct 12
       
      The capital took its name from the goddess Athena.
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • The capital of Greece took its name from the goddess Athena
  • This is where that marvel of architecture, the Parthenon, was created.
  • In the centre of town are two hills, the Acropolis with the monuments from the Age of Pericles, and Lycabettus with the picturesque chapel of Ai Giorgis
  • Mackenzie D on 16 Oct 12
     
    thens is the symbol of freedom, art, and democracy in the conscience of the civilized world.
  • Lorenzo K on 29 Sep 15
     
    Describes Greece's geography.
Garth Holman

Biography for Kids: Julius Caesar - 0 views

www.ducksters.com/...julius_caesar.php

shared by Garth Holman on 04 Jan 16 - No Cached
  • four Roman legions
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 04 Jan 16
       
      In the military operations of Lucius Cornelius Sulla and Julius Caesar, a legion was composed of 10 cohorts, with 4 cohorts in the first line and 3 each in the second and third lines. The 3,600 heavy infantry were supported by enough cavalry and light infantry to bring the legion's strength up to 6,000 men.
  • Many of the leaders were jealous of Caesar and his following.
  • Consul was the highest ranking position in the Roman Republic.
  • ...12 more annotations...
  • Caesar became governor of the province of Gaul.
  • Caesar announced that he was going to return to Rome and run for consul again.
  • give up the command of his army first.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 04 Jan 16
       
      Why would we not want a man leading an army to come back to Rome with his army? 
  • In 46 BC Caesar returned to Rome.
  • most powerful man in the world.
  • The Senate made him dictator for life and he ruled like a king.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 04 Jan 16
       
      Checks and Balances are gone and so it the Tripartite Government.  The Republic is now an Empire with one ruler! 
  • changed the calendar to the now famous Julian calendar with 365 days and a leap year.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 04 Jan 16
       
      Enduring Impact?  JULY is named after Caesar!  
  • Caesar was too powerful.
  • He was stabbed 23 times.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 04 Jan 16
       
      Julius Caesar's death did not end the rule of the Dictator....they war for power was just starting and never again would the Republic Control ROME! 
  • Caesar Augustus.
  • While in Egypt he fell in love with the queen of Egypt, Cleopatra. He helped her to become pharaoh and had a child named Caesarion with her.
  • aristocrats.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 04 Jan 16
       
      Wealthy Romans who controlled the Senate 
Garth Holman

History of Timbuktu, Mali - 6 views

www.timbuktufoundation.org/history.html

WestAfrica Timbuktu

shared by Garth Holman on 04 May 12 - Cached
  • The popular statement, " From here to Timbuktu." conjures up images of remote, isolated and distant parts of this earth. Very few people are aware of this ancient city's location, and fewer still ascribe any kind of civilization to this historic area. Timbuktu is located in the western African nation of Mali at the edge of the sahara.
  • The historic town of Timbuktu is located at the precise point where the Niger flows northward into the southern edge of the desert. As a result of its unique geographical position, Timbuktu has been a natural meeting point of Songhai, Wangara,Fulani, Tuareg and Arabs. According to the inhabitants of Timbuku, gold came from the south, the salt from the north and the Divine knowledge, from Timbuktu. Timbuktu is also the cross-road where "the camel met the canoe." It is to this privilege position that the city owes much of its historical dynamism. From the 11th century and onward, Timbuktu became an important port where goods from West Africa and North Africa were traded.
  • Goods coming the Mediterranean shores and salt were traded in Timbuktu for gold. The prosperity of the city attracted both black scholars, blacks merchants and Arabs traders from North Africa. Salt, books and gold were very much in demand at that time.
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • he first constructions in Timbuktu were designed by African architects from Djenne and later on by Muslim architects from North Africa. Trade and knowledge were at their height.
  • Timbuktu became a celebrated center of Islamic learning and a commercial establishment. Timbuktu had three universities and 180 Quranic schools. These universities were the Sankore University, Jingaray Ber University and Sidi Yahya University. This was the golden age of Africa. Books were not only written in Timbuktu, but they were also imported and copied there. There was an advanced local book copying industry in the city. The universities and private libraries contained unparalleled scholarly works. The famous scholar of Timbuktu Ahmad Baba who was among those forcibly exiled in Morocco claimed that his library of 1600 books had been plundered, and that his library, according to him, was one of the smaller in the city.
  • The booming economy of Timbuktu attracted the attention of the Emperor of Mali, Mansa Mussa (1307-1332) also known as “Kan Kan Mussa.” He captured the city in 1325. As a Muslim, Mansa Mussa was impressed with the Islamic legacy of Timbuktu. On his return from Mecca, Mansa Mussa brought with him an Egyptian architect by the name of Abu Es Haq Es Saheli.
  • The Emperor also brought Arabs scholars to Timbuktu. To his great surprise, the Emperor has found that these scholars are underqualified compared to the black scholars of Timbuktu
  • Mansa Mussa's pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324 had made Mali known worldwide. The great rulertook 60,000 porters with him. Each porter carried 3 kilograms of pure gold, that is, 180,000 kilograms or at least 180 tons of gold (Reference: Volume IV UNESCO General History of Africa, pages 197-200). He had so much gold with him that when he stopped in Egypt, the Egyptian currency lost its value and as result, the name of Mali and Timbuktu appeared on the 14th century world map.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 04 May 12
       
      Who would take notice of all this gold?  
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 04 May 12
       
      Where camel met the canoe.  What does this mean? 
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 04 May 12
       
      Key items traded? 
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 04 May 12
       
      Spread of Islam.  How did Timbuktu help Islam take hold in Africa?  How did Mansa Mussa Help spread the word about Timbuktu?
jclenk

Ancient Civilizations | Ancient History for Kids - 1 views

www.ancienthistoryforkids.com/ancient-egypt

Egypt Civilization

shared by jclenk on 10 Mar 22 - No Cached
  • This massive&nbsp;Arid climate&nbsp;makes it a strange place for a large population of people
  • It flows north through the Sahara creating a long oasis in the desert eventually dumping into the Mediterranean Sea
  • The Nile River is the world’s longest river
  • ...19 more annotations...
  • The Nile is divided into sections by&nbsp;cataracts. &nbsp;A cataract is a rocky area that creates a waterfall or rapids. &nbsp;There are six cataracts in the Nile river.
  • &nbsp;As the water level lowered, it would leave behind rich fertile soil for farmers
  • Fresh water, irrigation, fertile soil--this is why people called it the "gift" of the Nile.
  • Around 6000 BCE the climate began to change, which might explain why many humans changed from hunting and gathering to farming. &nbsp;Before civilization, early humans came to the Nile River to hunt, fish, and gather food, but gradually as people learned to farm and domesticate animals (about 7000 BCE and 5500 BCE), and therefore live in permanent settlements, areas around the Nile became more crowded.
  • The change from nomadic hunter-gatherers to civilized living followed the same pattern as other places around the world: farming provided extra food, which allowed the division of labor, which allows the development of government and religion and creates social classes.&nbsp;
  • Historians call them Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt
  • We know so much about the Egyptians because there are so many written resources and because their culture lasted so long with few interruptions
  • Another reason we know so much about Egypt is because they made their architecture out of stone, which has lasted for the most part.&nbsp;
  • Religion was a the center of Egyptian life. &nbsp;Egyptians believed in many Gods, so they were&nbsp;polytheistic.
  • Later Egyptians would call their kings “pharaoh”. &nbsp;Egyptian people believed the pharaoh was a living God, so the Egyptians developed a&nbsp;theocracy, or a government ruled by religious leaders. &nbsp;This is important to understanding why Egyptian people were so willing to give their grain to the Pharaoh and build him or her incredible temples—they thought the Pharaoh was a living God that would be with them forever in eternity.
  • The most well-known ritual was mummification. &nbsp;Egyptians believed in life after death, and they wanted the body to look life-like. &nbsp;Anyone could be mummified if they had enough money
  • Egyptians were a very advanced civilization due to their inventions and technology. &nbsp;Egyptians developed a writing system called&nbsp;hieroglyphs&nbsp;that combined pictures and symbols. &nbsp;Eventually, they created an alphabet from their symbols. &nbsp;In 1822 CE a European explorer found what is called the&nbsp;Rossetta Stone (left picture)--a stone with the same message written in 3 different languages, which finally allowed historians to translate ancient hieroglyphs. Egyptians developed a 365-day calendar and used a number system based on 10. Egyptians figured out amazing ways to cut stone to use in their temples and&nbsp;obelisks. &nbsp;An obelisk is a tall narrow monument that becomes more narrow as it goes up. &nbsp;They created a writing material similar to paper called&nbsp;papyrus&nbsp;from reeds found in the Nile. &nbsp;Egyptians were excellent ship builders and excelled at mathematics. &nbsp;They used fractions, decimals, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and basic ideas of geometry. &nbsp;Egyptian art and architecture is famous and has been reused and copied by many other civilization including Greece, Rome, and even the United States
  • Egyptian life depended on what social class you were a part of.
  • At the top of society was the Pharaoh. &nbsp;Below the Pharaoh was the royal court (Pharaoh's family), high priests, government officials, and scribes and nobles (rich land owners). &nbsp;Below them were doctors and engineers, craftsman, and then farmers and unskilled workers at the bottom. &nbsp;Egyptians did use some slaves, but slavery is hardly mentioned in their writings.
  • Bread was the main food source, but they would have eaten meat during festivals.&nbsp;
  • Egypt's history is divided into six different time periods
  • creating Egypt's first dynasty. &nbsp;He defeated some enemies and united Upper and Lower Egypt into one civilization.
  • One of the first major Pharaohs of the Old Kingdom was Djoser. &nbsp;His temple was one of the first pyramids Egyptians tried to build. &nbsp;It was a "step pyramid" and it started the tradition of building pyramids as a burial ground for Pharaohs. Although the term "Pharaoh" wasn't used until much later, we will keep using it to refer to Egyptian kings.&nbsp; &nbsp;
  • Hatshepsut was a women Pharaoh. &nbsp;Her tomb is an amazingly long ramp leading to a temple that has been cut out of a mountain. &nbsp;Pharaoh Akhenaten tried to start a new religious tradition of worshipping only one God. &nbsp;Worshipping one God is called&nbsp;monotheism. &nbsp;This did not sit well with the polytheistic population that has honored many gods for thousands of years.&nbsp; After Akhenaten's death his monuments were destroyed and his name was removed from the list of kings. Years later he was often referred to as, "the enemy". Akhenaten's son would also become famous, thousands of years later when his tomb was found perfectly preserved. His name was Pharaoh&nbsp;Tutankhamen--he is known and King Tut. He became Pharaoh at age 9 or 10 and ruled for only 9 years.
Kalina P

Watergate Scandal - History.com Articles, Video, Pictures and Facts - 1 views

www.history.com/watergate

shared by Kalina P on 10 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • Some of Nixon’s aides were not so lucky: They w
  • Vietnam War (1955-1975) and deeply divided internally
  • forceful presidential campaign seemed essential to the president and some of his key advisers. Their aggressive tactics included what turned out to be illegal espionage.
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • stole copies of top-secret documents and bugged the office’s phones.
  • As the prowlers were preparing to break into the office with a new microphone, a security guard noticed that they had taped the building’s lock
  • August, Nixon gave a speech in which he swore that his White House staff was not involved in the break-in. Most voters believed him, and in November the president was reelected in a landslide.
  • provide hundreds of thousands of dollars in “hush money” to the burglars.
  • abuse of presidential power and a deliberate obstruction of justice
  • Early in 1974, the cover-up began to fall apart. On March 1, a grand jury appointed by a new special prosecutor indicted seven of Nixon’s former aides on various charges related to the Watergate affair. The jury, unsure if they could indict a sitting president, called Nixon an “unindicted co-conspirator.”&nbsp;
  • s voted to impeach him for obstruction of justice, abuse of power, criminal cover-up and several violations of the Constitution. Finally, on August 5, Nixon released the tapes, which provided undeniable evidence of his complicity in the Watergate crime
  • Some of Nixon’s aides were not so lucky: They w
  • he pardoned Nixon for any crimes he had committed while in office. Some of Nixon’s aides were not so lucky: They w
  • Some of Nixon’s aides were not so lucky: They
John Woodbridge

Why does the pope wear red shoes? A Yahoo News Q&A on choosing a new pontiff | The Look... - 0 views

news.yahoo.com/...ary-name-change-182401418.html

Quest 5- Religion

shared by John Woodbridge on 07 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • John Woodbridge on 07 Mar 13
     
    Interesting facts about traditions followed by the Pope.
John Woodbridge

The Renaissance - 0 views

www.shsu.edu/Renn.html

Quest10

shared by John Woodbridge on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • new enthusiasm for classical literature, learning, and art which sprang up in Italy towards the close of the Middle Ages, and which during the course of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries gave a new culture to Europe.
  • Renaissance was essentially an intellectual movement
  • secular, inquiring, self-reliant spirit which characterized the life and culture of classical antiquity
  • ...19 more annotations...
  • vernacular literatures.
    • John Woodbridge
      John Woodbridge on 12 Mar 13
       
      Vernacular means locally spoken language. Literature the stories that are written so this whole phrase means stories written in the local language about local topics.
  • The atmosphere of these bustling, trafficking cities called into existence a practical commercial spirit, a many-sided, independent, secular life which in many respects was directly opposed to medieval teachings and ideals.
  • So far-reaching and transforming was the influence of the old world of culture upon the nations of Western Europe that the Renaissance, viewed as the transition from the mediaeval to the modern age, may properly be regarded as beginning with its discovery, or rediscovery, and the appropriation of its riches by the Italian scholars.
  • It was a political, intellectual, and artistic life like that of the cities of ancient Greece.
  • Florence, for example, became a second Athens
  • Italy the birthplace of the Renaissance was the fact that in Italy the break between the old and the new civilization was not so complete as it was in the other countries of Western Europe.
  • Italians were closer in language and in blood to the old Romans than were the other new-forming nations
  • direct descendants and heirs of the old conquerors of the world
  • first task of the Italian scholars the recovery and appropriation of the culture of antiquity.
  • existence in the peninsula of so many monuments of the civilization and the grandeur of ancient Rome
  • -a recovery and appropriation by the Italians of the long-neglected heritage of Graeco-Roman civilization.
  • The movement here consisted of two distinct yet closely related phases, namely, the revival of classical literature and learning, and the revival of classical art
  • intellectual and literary phase of the movement
  • "Humanism,
  • study of the classics, the literae humaniores, or the "more human letters," in opposition to the diviner letters, that is, theology, which made up the old education.
  • Petrarch, the First of the Humanists.-- [Francesco Petrarca (1304-1374
  • He was the first scholar of the mediaeval time who fully realized and appreciated the supreme excellence and beauty of the classical literature and its value as a means of culture.
  • He could not read Greek, yet he gathered Greek as well as Latin manuscripts
  • During all the mediaeval centuries, until the dawn of the intellectual revival, the ruins of Rome were merely a quarry. The monuments of the Caesars were torn down for building material, the sculptured marbles were burned into lime for mortar.
  • John Woodbridge on 12 Mar 13
     
    Effects of the Renaissance on development of Western culture
Daryl Bambic

For 40 Years, This Russian Family Was Cut Off From All Human Contact, Unaware of WWII |... - 0 views

www.smithsonianmag.com/...of-World-War-II-188843001.html

via:packrati.us anthropology russian isolation Siberia archaeology history

shared by Daryl Bambic on 28 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • This forest is the last and greatest of Earth's wildernesses. It stretches from the furthest tip of Russia's arctic regions as far south as Mongolia, and east from the Urals to the Pacific: five million square miles of nothingness, with a population, outside a handful of towns, that amounts to only a few thousand people.
  • iberia is the source of most of Russia's oil and mineral resources, and, over the years, even its most distant parts have been overflown by oil prospectors and surveyors on their way to backwoods camps where the work of extracting wealth is carried on.
  • summer of 1978
  • ...36 more annotations...
  • more than 150 miles from the nearest settlement,
  • Well, since you have traveled this far, you might as well come in.'
  • omething from the middle ages. Jerry-built from whatever materials came to hand, the dwelling was not much more than a burrow—"a low, soot-blackened log kennel that was as cold as a cellar," with a floor consisting of potato peel and pine-nut shells. Looking around in the dim light, the visitors saw that it consisted of a single room. It was cramped, musty and indescribably filthy, propped up by sagging joists—and, astonishingly, home to a family of five:
  • Have you ever eaten bread?
  • "We are not allowed that!"
  • he daughters spoke a language distorted by a lifetime of isolation. "When the sisters talked to each other, it sounded like a slow, blurred cooing."
  • a member of a fundamentalist Russian Orthodox sect, worshiping in a style unchanged since the 17th century.
  • Peter was a personal enemy and "the anti-Christ in human form"—a point he insisted had been amply proved by Tsar's campaign to modernize Russia by forcibly "chopping off the beards of Christians."
  • Things had only got worse for the Lykov family when the atheist Bolsheviks took power. Under the Soviets, isolated Old Believer communities that had fled to Siberia to escape persecution began to retreat ever further from civilization. During the purges of the 1930s, with Christianity itself under assault, a Communist patrol had shot Lykov's brother on the outskirts of their village while Lykov knelt working beside him. He had responded by scooping up his family and bolting into forest.
  • our Lykovs then—Karp;
  • wife, Akulina
  • son named Savin
  • Natalia, a daughter who was only 2.
  • wo more children had been born in the wild—Dmitry in 1940 and Agafia in 1943—
  • d neither of the youngest Lykov children had ever seen a human being who was not a member of their famil
  • new there were places called cities where humans lived crammed together in tall buildings. They had heard there were countries other than Russia. But such concepts were no more than abstractions to them. Their only reading matter was prayer books and an ancient family Bible. Akulina had used the gospels to teach her children to read and write, using&nbsp;sharpened birch sticks dipped into honeysuckle juice as pen and ink. When Agafia was shown a picture of a horse, she recognized it from her mother's Bible stories. "Look, papa," she exclaimed. "A steed!"
  • e traversed 250 kilometres [155 miles] without seeing a single human dwelling!"
  • They fashioned birch-bark galoshes in place of shoes. Clothes were patched and repatched until they fell apart, then replaced with hemp cloth grown from seed.
  • pinning wheel a
  • A couple of kettles served them well for many years, but when rust finally overcame them, the only replacements they could fashion came from birch bark.
  • heir staple diet was potato patties mixed with ground rye and hemp seeds.
  • bundance
  • stream. Stands of larch, spruce, pine and birch yielded all that anyone could take.... Bilberries and raspberries were close to hand, firewood as well, and pine nuts fell right on the roof."
  • rmanently on the edge of famine.
  • not until the late 1950s, when Dmitry reached manhood, that they first trapped animals for their meat and skins. Lacking guns and even bows, they could hunt only by digging traps or pursuing prey across the mountains until the animals collapsed from exhaustion
  • Old Karp was usually delighted by the latest innovations that the scientists brought up from their camp, and though he steadfastly refused to believe that man had set foot on the moon, he adapted swiftly to the idea of satellites.
  • "What amazed him most of all," Peskov recorded, "was a transparent cellophane package. 'Lord, what have they thought up—it is glass, but it crumples!
  • Agafia's unusual speech—she had a singsong voice and stretched simple words into polysyllables—convinced some of her visitors she was slow-witted; in fact she was markedly intelligent, and took charge of the difficult task, in a family that possessed no calendars, of keeping track of time.&nbsp;
  • mitry, a
  • urious and perhaps the most forward-looking member of the family
  • Perhaps it was no surprise that he was also the most enraptured by the scientists' technology.
  • many happy hours in its little sawmill, marveling at how easily a circular saw and lathes could finish wood.
  • Karp Lykov fought a long and losing battle with himself to keep all this modernity at bay. When they first got to know the geologists, the family would accept only a single gift—salt
  • hey took knives, forks, handles, grain and eventually even pen and paper and an electric torch.
  • but the sin of television, which they encountered at the geologists' camp, proved irresistible for them.... On their rare appearances, they would invariably sit down and watch. Karp sat directly in front of the screen. Agafia watched poking her head from behind a door. She tried to pray away her transgression immediately—whispering, crossing herself.... The old man prayed afterward, diligently and in one fell swoop.
  • he Lord would provide, and she would stay, she said—as indeed she has. A quarter of a century later, now in her seventies herself, this child of the taiga lives on alone, high above the Abakan.
  • Daryl Bambic on 28 Mar 13
     
    An amazing story of a Russian Orthodox family who ran from Soviet persecution in the 1930 and survived in the wilderness of Siberia. The children had never seen other humans, developed their own dialect and lived on the perpetual edge of the world.  Several family members were enthralled with technology, others were fearful but all were exceptionally intelligent.
John Woodbridge

10 Things You May Not Know About William the Conqueror - HISTORY Lists - 0 views

www.history.com/...ow-about-william-the-conqueror

William the Conqueror

shared by John Woodbridge on 17 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • 1. He was of Viking extraction
  • 2. He had reason to hate his original name.
  • 3. His future bride wanted nothing to do with him at first.
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • 4. He couldn’t bear any disrespect toward his mother.
  • 5. He made England speak Franglais
  • 6. His jester was the first casualty of the Battle of Hastings
  • 7. He was touchy about his weight
  • 8. His body exploded at his funeral
  • 9. He is an ancestor of millions of people.
  • 10. He’s responsible for scores of British Wills.
  • John Woodbridge on 17 Apr 13
     
    This is a list of facts that give a deeper sense of who William was as a person and how these might have impacted his daily decisions.
cglosser c

Protestant Reformation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

en.wikipedia.org/...Protestant_Reformation

shared by cglosser c on 03 May 13 - Cached
  • rotes
  • The Protestant Reformation was the 16th-century schism within Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin and other early Protestants.
  • The largest of the new churches were the Lutherans
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • This, as well as many other factors, such as spread of Renaissance ideas and inventions, such as the invention of the printing press, and the fall of the Eastern Roman Empire, contributed to the creation of Protestantism.[1][page&nbsp;needed][2][page&nbsp;needed]
  • It was sparked by the 1517 posting of Luther's Ninety-Five Theses.
  • The Reformation was precipitated by earlier events within Europe, such as the Black Death and the Western Schism, which eroded people's faith in the Catholic Church and the Papacy that governed it.
    • cglosser c
      cglosser c on 21 Apr 14
       
      Martin Luther had followers in the Reformation.
  • The Protestant Reformation was the schism within Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin, and other early Protestants
    • cglosser c
      cglosser c on 21 Apr 14
       
      The church faced big problems.
    • cglosser c
      cglosser c on 21 Apr 14
       
      This man's name was Martin Luther. He is an important figure in the Reformation.
  • Religious situation in Europe
    • cglosser c
      cglosser c on 21 Apr 14
       
      Peasants were involved in the Reformation as well.
    • cglosser c
      cglosser c on 21 Apr 14
       
      Martin Luther made a bible of his own.
  • george S on 05 May 13
     
    Informational text on the reformation 
  • cglosser c on 21 Apr 14
     
    This is a wikipedia article explaining the Reformation.
cglosser c

The Reformation - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com - 0 views

www.history.com/...reformation

shared by cglosser c on 05 May 13 - No Cached
    • george S
      george S on 05 May 13
       
      This explains what the reformation was.
  • reformers like Martin Luther, John Calvin and Henry VIII challenged papal authority
  • The Protestant Reformation was the 16th-century religious, political, intellectual and cultural upheaval that splintered Catholic Europe
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • Martin Luther (1483-1546) was an Augustinian monk and university lecturer in Wittenberg when he composed his “95 Theses,” which protested the pope’s sale of reprieves from penance, or indulgences
  • Martin Luther Sparks a Revolution The German monk's questioning of Catholic dogma leads to the Protestant Reformation.
  • cglosser c on 21 Apr 14
     
    This is a history.com website about the Reformation.
John Woodbridge

How native Americans hid in the Vatican for more than 500 years - Yahoo! News - 0 views

news.yahoo.com/-more-500-years-190637615.html

Renaissance Art and Columbian Exchange

shared by John Woodbridge on 03 May 13 - No Cached
    • John Woodbridge
      John Woodbridge on 03 May 13
       
      Arbitrate- to conduct a peaceful calm discussion between two arguing parties.
    • John Woodbridge
      John Woodbridge on 03 May 13
       
      Chancelleries- government officials
  • restoration experts who were cleaning a large fresco painted by the Renaissance master Pinturicchio.
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • The figures are men who seem to be dancing and are naked except for exotic-looking feather head dresses. One appears to have a Mohican-style haircut.
  • created the work, which shows Jesus' Resurrection, in 1494, just a year after Columbus returned from his first journey of discovery across the Atlantic.
  • The apartments were named after the notorious Rodrigo Borgia, who became Pope Alexander VI. He commissioned Pinturicchio and his assistants to paint several frescoes for the apartments, which are part of the Vatican’s Apostolic Palace.
  • abandoned after the death of Pope Alexander in 1503. Subsequent popes did not want to be associated with the scandal-ridden family. They were only reopened in 1889 by Pope Leo XIII, and are now used to display a collection of religious art.
  • Pope Alexander soon found himself playing a pivotal role in the New World discoveries – he had to arbitrate between the competing claims of Spain and Portugal.
  • he pope had himself painted into the lavish fresco – dressed in sumptuous golden robes, he is kneeling down on the left hand side, his hands clasped in prayer. He is clearly contemplating Jesus' resurrection, but he also appears to be directing his gaze at the tribesmen – ruminating, perhaps, on the enormous implications of Columbus’s historic discovery
Garth Holman

Medieval Art and Art History - 0 views

www.arthistory.net/...medievalart1.html

art history middleage art

shared by Garth Holman on 13 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • The medieval period of art history spans from the fall of the Roman Empire in 300 AD to the beginning of the Renaissance in 1400 AD
  • he Catholic Church financed many projects, and the oldest examples of Christian art survive in the Roman catacombs, or burial crypts beneath the city.
  • Medieval artists decorated churches and works for public appreciation using classical themes. For example, Roman mosaics made of small stone cubes called tesserae offered Christian scenery.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • Early Christian mosaics used muted colors like classical mosaics, but in the fourth century, mosaicists moved to brighter colors and patterns.
  • Romanesque architecture symbolized the growing wealth of European cities and the power of Church monasteries.
  • The Gothic style developed in the middle of the twelfth century and is named after the Goths who ruled France.
  • Human forms such as the Madonna and Baby Jesus evolve from large heads on small bodies in Early Christianity to abstract forms in the Romanesque era. In the Gothic era, the Madonna and Child are more naturalistic with tall, bony figures.
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