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Garth Holman

Magna Carta 1215 - 1 views

www.lordsandladies.org/magna-carta.htm

quest9

shared by Garth Holman on 17 Mar 15 - No Cached
  • was forced into signing
  • formation of a powerful parliament
  • The purpose of the Magna Carta was to curb the King
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • The Church - The Church was to be free from royal interference, especially in the election of bishopsTaxes - No taxes except the regular feudal dues were to be levied, except by the consent of the Great Council, or ParliamentThe right to due process which led to Trial by JuryWeights and Measures - All weights and measures to be kept uniform throughout the realm
  • "That no freeman ought to be taken, or imprisoned, or disseized of his freehold, liberties, or privileges, or outlawed, or exiled, or in any manner destroyed, or deprived of his life, liberty, or property, but by the judgment of his peers, or by the law of the land."
  • The Magna Carta demonstrated that the power of the king could be limited by a written grant.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 17 Mar 15
       
      The Parliament: "After the death of King John, his son Henry III began to rule on the throne of England. King Henry III expanded the council of his advisors to include certain members of the clergy and important members of the various cities and towns. This great council began to be known as Parliament."   KINDA LIKE OUR HOUSE AND SENATE--Groups that advises the main leader or checks him. 
  • Garth Holman on 17 Mar 15
     
    See summary of Magna Carta for four major ideas found in the Magna Carta that limited the power of the King. 
Garth Holman

The Assassination of Julius Caesar, 44 BC - 4 views

www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/caesar2.htm

Julius caesar history Rome Empire

shared by Garth Holman on 08 Jan 17 - Cached
  • In January of 49 BC, Julius Caesar led his army across the Rubicon River in Northern Italy (see Caesar Crosses the Rubicon, 49 BC) and plunged the Roman Republic into civil war. Caesar's rival, Pompey, fled to Greece. Within three months Caesar controlled the entire Italian peninsula and in Spain had defeated the legions loyal to Pompey. Caesar now pursued Pompey to Greece. Although outnumbered, Caesar crushed the forces of his enemy but not before Pompey escaped to Egypt. Following Pompey to Egypt, Caesar was presented with his rival's severed head as a token of friendship. Before leaving the The Assassination of Caesar region, Caesar established Cleopatra as his surrogate ruler of Egypt. Caesar defeated his remaining rivals in North Africa in 47 BC and returned to Rome with his authority firmly established. Caesar continued to consolidate his power and in February 44 BC, he declared himself dictator for life. This act, along with his continual effort to adorn himself with the trappings of power, turned many in the Senate against him. Sixty members of the Senate concluded that the only resolution to the problem was to assassinate Caesar
  • The Plan: "The conspirators never met openly, but they assembled a few at a time in each others' homes. There were many discussions and proposals, as might be expected, while they investigated how and where to execute their design. Some suggested that they should make the attempt as he was going along the Sacred Way, which was one of his favorite walks. Another idea was for it to be done at the elections during which he bad to cross a bridge to appoint the magistrates in the Campus Martius; they should draw lots for some to push him from the bridge and for others to run up and kill him. A third plan was to wait for a coming gladiatorial show. The advantage of that would be that, because of the show, no suspicion would be aroused if arms were seen prepared for the attempt. But the majority opinion favored killing him while he sat in the Senate, where he would be by himself since non-Senators would not be admitted, and where the many conspirators could hide their daggers beneath their togas. This plan won the day."
  • "...his friends were alarmed at certain rumors and tried to stop him going to the Senate-house, as did his doctors, for he was suffering from one of his occasional dizzy spells. His wife, Calpurnia, especially, who was frightened by some visions in her dreams, clung to him and said that she would not let him go out that day. But Brutus, one of the conspirators who was then thought of as a firm friend, came up and said, 'What is this, Caesar? Are you a man to pay attention to a woman's dreams and the idle gossip of stupid men, and to insult the Senate by not going out, although it has honored you and has been specially summoned by you? But listen to me, cast aside the forebodings of all these people, and come. The Senate has been in session waiting for you since early this morning.' This swayed Caesar and he left."
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • The Attack: "The Senate rose in respect for his position when they saw him entering. Those who were to have part in the plot stood near him. Right next to him went Tillius Cimber, whose brother had been exiled by Caesar. Under pretext of a humble request on behalf of this brother, Cimber approached and grasped the mantle of his toga, seeming to want to make a more positive move with his hands upon Caesar. Caesar wanted to get up and use his hands, but was prevented by Cimber and became exceedingly annoyed. That was the moment for the men to set to work. All quickly unsheathed their daggers and rushed at him. First Servilius Casca struck him with the point of the blade on the left shoulder a little above the collar-bone. He had been aiming for that, but in the excitement he missed. Caesar rose to defend himself, and in the uproar Casca shouted out in Greek to his brother. The latter heard him and drove his sword into the ribs. After a moment, Cassius made a slash at his face, and Decimus Brutus pierced him in the side. While Cassius Longinus was trying to give him another blow he missed and struck Marcus Brutus on the hand. Minucius also hit out at Caesar and hit Rubrius in the thigh. They were just like men doing battle against him. Under the mass of wounds, he fell at the foot of Pompey's statue. Everyone wanted to seem to have had some part in the murder, and there was not one of them who failed to strike his body as it lay there, until, wounded thirty-five times, he breathed his last. "
Marjorie Rotman

Ancient Greek History for Kids: Government - 3 views

www.ducksters.com/...ancient_greek_government.php

ancient greece government

shared by Marjorie Rotman on 10 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • The Greek City-State Ancient Greece was made up of city-states. A city-state was a major city and the surrounding areas. Each city-state had its own rule and government. Sometimes the city-states fought each other. Athens and Sparta were the two largest city-states and they had many wars and battles. Types of Government There were three main types of government: Democracy - A government ruled by the people, or assembly. Officials and leaders were elected and all citizens had a say. Monarchy - A single ruler like a king. In Athens this ruler was called a Tyrant. Oligarchy - When the government is ruled by a small group. Over time some city-states, like Athens would change governments. Sometimes they were ruled by Tyrants and, at other times, they were a democracy.
  • Ancient Greece Government History >> Ancient Greece The Ancient Greeks may be most famous for their ideas and philosophies on government and politics. It was in Greece, and particularly Athens, that democracy was first conceived and used as a primary form of government. The Greek City-State
  • Ancient Greece was made up of city-states
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • Each city-state had its own rule and government.
  • There were three main types of government:
  • Democracy
  • Monarch
  • Oligarchy
  • What this means is that all the citizens voted on all the
  • Democracy in Ancient Greece was very direct
  • aws. Rather than vote for representatives, like we do, each citizen was expected to vote for every law.
  • In order to vote, you had to be a citizen. However, not everyone who lived in Athens was a citizen. Only men who had completed their military training were counted as citize
  • here were three main bodies of the government: the Assembly, the Council of 500, and the Courts
  • The Assembly
  • The Council
  • The Courts h
  • koliver k on 10 Oct 13
     
    greek goverment 
  • Marjorie Rotman on 10 Oct 13
     
    ancient Greece government for kids--a great short summary of Greek government including a 10 question quiz
Jacob L

History: Ancient Rome for Kids - 3 views

www.ducksters.com/...ancient_rome.php

Rome

shared by Jacob L on 26 Nov 13 - No Cached
  • As a result, Rome's culture still has an impact in the Western world today. The basis for much of Western culture comes from Ancient Rome, especially in areas such as government, engineering, architecture, language, and literature.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 01 Dec 15
       
      Does this sound like something we have said before?  Who do you think influenced Rome? 
    • Jack R
      Jack R on 03 Dec 15
       
      I think greece influnced rome
    • Ariel L
      Ariel L on 03 Dec 15
       
      The reading says that Rome was the basis of Western society, but I thought Greece was the basis of Wester society?
    • Yanai HS
      Yanai HS on 03 Dec 15
       
      Greece
    • aleskov
      aleskov on 04 Dec 15
       
      Greece began it, but Rome developed it.
    • Mallory C
      Mallory C on 04 Dec 15
       
      Greece
    • Jacob L
      Jacob L on 04 Dec 15
       
      Rome got their ideas from Greece
  • This meant that Rome's leaders, such as senators, were elected officials that served for a limited amount of time, not kings who were born into leadership and ruled for life. They had a complex government with written laws, a constitution, and a balance of powers. These concepts became very important in forming future democratic governments, like the United States.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 01 Dec 15
       
      What does this sound like?  Is it a radical Departure from Monarchy? 
    • aleskov
      aleskov on 04 Dec 15
       
      Very much like our government.
  • The Roman Forum was the center of government
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 01 Dec 15
       
      Where is our Forum today?  What takes place at our forum? 
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • split Rome into two empires. One was the Western Roman Empire and was ruled out of the city of Rome. The other was the Eastern Roman Empire and was ruled out of Constantinople (today's Istanbul in Turkey). The Eastern Roman Empire would become known as Byzantium or the Byzantine Empire.
  • The fall of Rome generally refers to the fall of the Western Roman Empire. It fell in 476 AD
  • Colosseum and the Roman Forum.
  • Circus Maximus, a huge stadium built for chariot races, could seat around 150,000 people.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 01 Dec 15
       
      This you can no longer see
  • fall of Western Rome is considered the start of the "Dark Ages" in Europe.
  • The highest position in the Roman Republic was the consul. There were two consuls at the same time to make sure that one didn't become too powerful.
  • was Latin, but they often spoke Greek as well.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 01 Dec 15
       
      If they spoke Greek, what does that tell us?  
  • Garth Holman on 01 Dec 15
     
    Rome Overview!
  • ...4 more comments...
  • Jack R on 03 Dec 15
     
    Rome Overview!
  • Ariel L on 03 Dec 15
     
    Rome Overview!
  • Yanai HS on 03 Dec 15
     
    Rome Overview!
  • aleskov on 04 Dec 15
     
    Rome Overview!
  • Mallory C on 04 Dec 15
     
    Rome Overview!
  • Jacob L on 04 Dec 15
     
    Rome Overview!
mrs. b.

Greek Government - 7 Points to Know About Ancient Greek Government - 2 views

ancienthistory.about.com/...102309GreekGovernment.htm

Greece Government

shared by mrs. b. on 17 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • You may have heard that ancient Greece invented democracy, but democracy was only one type of government employed by the Greeks, and when it first evolved, many Greeks thought it a bad idea. In the pre-Classical period, ancient Greece was composed of small geographic units ruled by a local king. Over time, groups of the leading aristocrats replaced the kings. Greek aristocrats were powerful, hereditary noblemen and wealthy landowners whose interests were at odds with the majority of the populace.
  • 1. Ancient Greece Had Many Governments
  • Sparta was less interested than Athens in following the will of the people. The people were supposed to be working for the good of the state. However, just as Athens experimented with a novel form of government, so also was Sparta's system unusual. Originally, monarchs ruled Sparta, but over time, Sparta hybridized its government: The kings remained, but there were 2 of them at a time so one could go to war, there were also 5 annually-elected ephors, a council of 28 elders [technical term to learn: Gerousia], and an assembly of the people
    • mrs. b.
      mrs. b. on 10 Oct 13
       
      Sparta's government was different from Athens
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • Probably one of the first things learned from history books or classes on ancient Greece is that the Greeks invented democrac
  • Probably one of the first things learned from history books or classes on ancient Greece is that the Greeks invented democracy
  • Athens originally had kings, but gradually, by the 5th century B.C., it developed a system that required active, ongoing participation of the citizens.
  • While virtually all citizens were allowed to participate in the democracy, citizens did not include: women,children,slaves, orresident aliens, including those from other Greek poleis
  • Reine E on 17 Oct 12
     
    Wow i never knew that before!!
  • sshroge s on 10 Oct 13
     
    A couple of Greek government facts
Paige W

BBC - History - Ancient History in depth: The Democratic Experiment - 1 views

www.bbc.co.uk/...greekdemocracy_01.shtml

greece ancientgreece 7thgradehistory democracy athens

shared by Paige W on 29 Sep 15 - Cached
  • Take politics for example: apart from the word itself (from polis, meaning city-state or community) many of the other basic political terms in our everyday vocabulary are borrowed from the ancient Greeks: monarchy, aristocracy, tyranny, oligarchy and - of course - democracy.
  • demokratia
  • It meant literally 'people-power'
  • ...69 more annotations...
  • The Greek word demos could mean either
  • Was it all the people
  • Or only some of the people
  • There's a theory that the word demokratia was coined by democracy's enemies, members of the rich and aristocratic elite who did not like being outvoted by the common herd, their social and economic inferiors.
  • By the time of Aristotle (fourth century BC) there were hundreds of Greek democracies. Greece in those times was not a single political entity but rather a collection of some 1,500 separate poleis or 'cities' scattered round the Mediterranean and Black Sea shores 'like frogs around a pond', as Plato once charmingly put it.
  • cities that were not democracies
  • power was in the hands of the few richest citizens
  • monarchies, called 'tyrannies' in cases where the sole ruler had usurped power by force rather than inheritanc
  • most stable,
  • most long-lived,
  • most radical, was Athens.
  • origin of the Athenian democracy of the fifth and fourth centuries can be traced back to Solon,
  • flourished
  • 600 BC.
  • was a poet and a wise statesman
  • but not - contrary to later myth - a democrat.
  • Solon's constitutional reform package that laid the basis on which democracy could be pioneered
  • Cleisthenes was the son of an Athenian, but the grandson and namesake of a foreign Greek tyrant
  • also the brother-in-law of the Athenian tyrant, Peisistratus,
  • eized power three times
  • before finally establishing a stable and apparently benevolent dictatorship.
    • Paige W
      Paige W on 29 Sep 15
       
      Interesting insight on the beginning of democracy.
  • nder this political system that Athens successfully resisted the Persian onslaughts of 490 and 480/79
  • victory in turn encouraged the poorest Athenians to demand a greater say in the running of their city
  • Ephialtes and Pericles presided over a radicalisation of power that shifted the balance decisively to the poorest sections of society
  • he democratic Athens that won and lost an empire,
  • built the Parthenon,
  • eschylus, Sophocles,
  • Euripides and Aristophanes
  • laid the foundations of western rational and critical thought
  • was not, of course, without internal critics
  • when Athens had been weakened by the catastrophic Peloponnesian War (431-404) these critics got their chance
  • n 411 and again in 404 Athenian oligarchs led counter-revolutions that replaced democracy with extreme oligarchy
  • oligarchs were supported by Athens's old enemy, Sparta
  • mpossible to maintain themselves in power
  • democracy was restored
  • 'blips' such as the trial of Socrates - the restored Athenian democracy flourished stably and effectively for another 80 years
  • There were no proper population censuses in ancient Athens,
  • total population of fifth-century Athens, including its home territory of Attica, at around 250,000 - men, women and children, free and unfree, enfranchised and disenfranchised. Of those
  • 250,000 some 30,000 on average were fully paid-up citizens -
  • adult males of Athenian birth and full status
  • second key difference is the level of participation.
  • representative
  • we choose politicians to rule for us
  • Athenian
  • democracy
  • was direct
  • and in-your-face.
  • most officials and all jurymen were selected by lot.
  • This was thought to be the democratic way, since election favoured the rich, famous and powerful over the ordinary citizen.
  • mid fifth century, office holders, jurymen, members of the city's main administrative Council of 500, and even Assembly attenders were paid a small sum from public funds to compensate them for time spent on political service away from field or workshop.
  • eligibility
  • adult male citizens need apply for the privileges and duties of democratic government, and a birth criterion of double descent - from an Athenian mother as well as father -
  • Athenian democracy did not happen only in the Assembly and Council. The courts were also essentially political spaces, located symbolically right at the centre of the city.
  • defined the democratic citizen as the man 'who has a share in (legal) judgment and office'.
  • Athenian drama,
  • was a fundamentally political activity as well,
  • One distinctively Athenian democratic practice that aroused the special ire of the system's critics was the practice of ostracism -
  • potsherd
  • rom the Greek word for
  • decide which leading politician should be exiled for ten years
  • on a piece of broken pottery.
  • voters scratched or painted the name of their preferred candidate
  • 6,000 citizens had to 'vote' for an ostracism to be valid,
  • biggest
  • political
  • risked being fried
  • For almost 100 years ostracism fulfilled its function of aborting serious civil unrest or even civil war
  • Power to the people, all the people, especially the poor majority, remained the guiding principle of Athenian democracy.
  • Paige W on 29 Sep 15
     
    About of Greek Democracy
Garth Holman

This Day in History - What Happened Today - HISTORY - 0 views

www.history.com/this-day-in-history

Al Gore 2000 Election Concedes

shared by Garth Holman on 13 Dec 22 - No Cached
  • Vice President Al Gore concedes defeat to George W. Bush in his bid for the presidency, following weeks of legal battles over the recounting of votes in Florida, on December 13, 2000.
  • In a televised speech from his ceremonial office next to the White House, Gore said that while he was deeply disappointed and sharply disagreed with the Supreme Court verdict that ended his campaign, ”partisan rancor must now be put aside.”
  • “I accept the finality of the outcome, which will be ratified next Monday in the Electoral College” he said. “And tonight, for the sake of our unity as a people and the strength of our democracy, I offer my concession.”
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Gore had won the national popular vote by more than 500,000 votes, but narrowly lost Florida, giving the Electoral College to Bush 271 to 266.
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