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Harsajan Gill

Rome.info > Fall of the Roman Empire, decline of ancient Rome - 5 views

www.rome.info/fall

shared by Harsajan Gill on 13 Dec 11 - Cached
    • Josh B
      Josh B on 13 Dec 11
       
      This shows many more reasons and ideas then the website link from 7aworldhistory, it also is very helpful
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 14 Dec 11
       
      Maybe you should add to the online textbook...it is time for you to leave a legacy?
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 14 Dec 11
       
      I see Josh, you joined the wiki. I will wait to see what you add and change.
    • Jamie F
      Jamie F on 13 Dec 11
       
      There was probably one event that led to all these events.
    • Jack S
      Jack S on 14 Dec 11
       
      People spent money on Churches instead of the keep up of the Roman Empire.  When there is no keep up.  Roads, Buildings, ect fall apart and then the vikings came and made Rome even worse
  • ...33 more annotations...
    • Jack S
      Jack S on 14 Dec 11
       
      They had no money to keeps up the aqueducts that lead to dirty water.  They also built with lead pipes which made people sick.  This could be a huge reason why people died.
    • Jack S
      Jack S on 14 Dec 11
       
      they also had to raise taxes to keep up an army and protect the borders.  There were also less people to pay those taxes.  (Final Blows Article)
    • Jack S
      Jack S on 14 Dec 11
       
      In the end there is going to be chaos! People are going to want a leader who is strong and holy to lead them.  They are going to want there country to be the best.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 14 Dec 11
       
      You are so right Jack, From an organized soicety with a centeral government to a place of CHAOS. Well said.
  • Fall of the Roman Empire
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 14 Dec 11
       
      Do these sound like anything you see in the world today?  
    • Swathi S
      Swathi S on 14 Dec 11
       
      Yes. It is like how technology will most likely take over the world.
    • Alexander R.
      Alexander R. on 14 Dec 11
       
      It sounds a lot like today. With the technology advancing we get smarter, but when we don't advance our technology we suffer.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 14 Dec 11
       
      What about the Unemployment? Moral Decay and values? Urban Decay? Inflation? Are these part of our world?
    • mukul g
      mukul g on 14 Dec 11
       
      Well most of them are, but not all of these. Unemployment is happening right now in the world. But Moral decay and values are not used today.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 14 Dec 11
       
      Really: google the term Moral Decay in America and see if people think this is happening.
  • Public Health
  • Decline in Morals and Values
  • Political Corruption
  • Unemployment
  • Inflation
  • Urban decay
  • THE FINAL BLOWS For years, the well-disciplined Roman army held the barbarians of Germany back. Then in the third century A. D. the Roman soldiers were pulled back from the Rhine-Danube frontier to fight civil war in Italy. This left the Roman border open to attack. Gradually Germanic hunters and herders from the north began to overtake Roman lands in Greece and Gaul (later France). Then in 476 A. D. the Germanic general Odacer or Odovacar overthrew the last of the Roman Emperors, Augustulus Romulus. From then on the western part of the Empire was ruled by Germanic chieftain. Roads and bridges were left in disrepair and fields left untilled. Pirates and bandits made travel unsafe. Cities could not be maintained without goods from the farms, trade and business began to disappear. And Rome was no more in the West. The total fall of the Roman empire.
  • Inferior Technology
  • Military Spending
    • Margo L
      Margo L on 14 Dec 11
       
      How come nobody went after the attackers?
    • Harsajan Gill
      Harsajan Gill on 14 Dec 11
       
      Empire had trouble picking the new throne so they DO NOT have efficient way, so they sell it to ANYBODY who has the highest bid. Before even that they would pick a RANDOM guard to become it if he wins.
    • Harsajan Gill
      Harsajan Gill on 14 Dec 11
       
      This led to the other events because instead op picking a system to get it done faster instead of wasting months of choosing who randomly they could still be advancing in government and there organized military.
    • Margo L
      Margo L on 14 Dec 11
       
      I bet the romans were terrified when the people attacked. It must be scary to the Romans because they made a lot of accomplishments.
    • kyle s
      kyle s on 14 Dec 11
       
      It was difficult for choosing an emporer. during the next 100 years they had 37 DIFFERENT emporer and 27 of the 35 were assasinated.
  • most difficult problems
  • choosing
  • new emperor
  • new emperor
  • empero
  • never
  • created
  • effective system
  • determine
  • new emperors
  • began
  • selling
  • throne to
  • highest bidder
  • 37 different emperors
  • assinatio
  • 25 of whom
  • Garth Holman on 14 Dec 11
     
    This site explains these ideas in more detail. 
Garth Holman

Medieval Gothic Cathedrals - 0 views

www.medieval-spell.com/edieval-Gothic-Cathedrals.html

cathedrals gothic churches

shared by Garth Holman on 07 Feb 12 - Cached
  • Over the centuries, the splendor of these sacred structures has inspired believers, poets, painters and writers alike. The Medieval Gothic Cathedrals are the most beautiful religious buildings the Christian World has created. Their breathtaking material appearance is a symbol of the Christian faith, as they literally try to reach heaven. Their orientation East-West is an expression of man's advancement towards God. Entering the cathedral from the West, you are surrounded by symbols. First, is the pattern of the labyrinth in the floor stone. What else then a Labyrinth life is? Going towards East, you leave the Labyrinth behind and start feeling the spirituality replacing the material, as you advance through the Nave, guided by the surreal light coming from the stained glass windows. In the end, you reach the eastern end chapels. There, closer to the raising sun (God), is the place of praying and profound meditation.
mrs. b.

Stained Glass Windows and Gothic Style Architecture - Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris - 0 views

architecture.about.com/...gothic_6.htm

shared by mrs. b. on 19 Feb 14 - No Cached
  • Because of the advanced use of pointed arches in construction, the walls of Medieval churches and synagogues throughout Europe were no longer used as primary supports—the walls did not hold up the building. This engineering advancement enabled artistic statements to be displayed in wall areas of glass.
Kalina P

Common Sense: The Rhetoric of Popular Democracy | EDSITEment - 0 views

edsitement.neh.gov/...nse-rhetoric-popular-democracy

independence paine

shared by Kalina P on 26 Nov 12 - No Cached
  • first comprehensive, public call for independence, advancing arguments that far exceeded previous critiques of English rule in their radicalism and scope.
  • mass audience, extending beyond the literate public as colonists read it aloud in a wide variety of settings. George Washington, for example, was so affected by Common Sense that he relinquished all personal hop
  • of mending fences with England and ordered the pamphlet to be distributed to his troops.
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • clear case for independence
  • directly attacked the political, economic, and ideological obstacles to achieving it.
  • British rule was responsible for nearly every problem in colonial society
  • Challenging the King's paternal authority in the harshest terms, he mocked royal actions in America and declared that "even brutes do not devour their young, nor savages make war upon their own families."
  • unified action.
  • only be resolved by colonial independence.
  • in the most graphic, compelling and recognizable terms the suffering that the colonies had endured, reminding his readers of the torment and trauma that British policy had inflicted upon them.
  • resonated with their firm belief in liberty and determined opposition to injustice
  • blunt language that colonists of different backgrounds could understand.
Lakala S

Greek Culture - 1 views

www.ancient-greece.org/culture.html

greece

shared by Lakala S on 17 Oct 12 - No Cached
    • Lakala S
      Lakala S on 17 Oct 12
       
      This is making me want to learn more about Greece!
  • Nurtured by the fertile and secure island of Crete, and situated in the middle of the Mediterranean, the inhabitants of the island developed an advanced culture evident in the artifacts their labor produced. A joyous seafaring people, the Minoans did not create monuments to their gods, or kings. Instead, their art speaks of a humble religion, and their architecture serves the well being of the community, and reveals their relationship to nature and to themselves.
  • Mia K on 17 Oct 12
     
    greece culture cool pictures
Garth Holman

geography - National Geographic Society - 1 views

nationalgeographic.org/...geography

Geography

shared by Garth Holman on 19 Sep 16 - No Cached
  • Geography is the study of places and the relationships between people and their environments.
  • They also examine how human culture interacts with the natural environment, and the way that locations and places can have an impact on people.
  • geography" comes to us from the ancient Greeks,
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • geo means “earth” and -graphy means “to write.” 
  • located in relation to other places,
  • what their own and other places were like, and how people and environments were distributed. These concerns have been central to geography ever since.
  • Throughout human history, most societies have sought to understand something about their place in the world, and the people and environments around them.
  • More importantly, they also raised questions about how and why different human and natural patterns came into being on Earth’s surface, and why variations existed from place to place. The effort to answer these questions about patterns and distribution led them to figure out that the world was round, to calculate Earth’s circumference, and to develop explanations of everything from the seasonal flooding of the Nile River to differences in population densities from place to place.
  • Advances in geography were chiefly made by scientists of the Muslim world, based around the Arabian Peninsula and North Africa. Geographers of this Islamic Golden Age created the world’s first rectangular map based on a grid, a map system that is still familiar today. Islamic scholars also applied their study of people and places to agriculture, determining which crops and livestock were most suited to specific habitats or environments.
  • They were the first to use the compass for navigational purposes.
  • Age of Discovery
Yuke Z

Inventions of the Renaissance - 2 views

www.mce.k12tn.net/...inventions.htm

renaissance inventions

shared by Yuke Z on 23 Apr 12 - Cached
  • early 1230's to launch fireworks and in weapons.
  • Knights were replaced by the foot soldier who carried firearms.
  • between 1590 and 1608
  • ...11 more annotations...
  • first useful microscope
  • many advances in medicine and hygiene could be made with the microscope.
  • 1608 a Dutch eyeglass maker named Hans Lippershey made the first telescope
  • Isaac Newton improved the telescope by adding mirrors instead of lenses.
  • Galileo Galileo
  • moon had huge valleys and craters
  • discovered four moons orbiting Jupiter.
  • planets revolve around the sun and not around the earth.
  • printed in a book called Starry Messenger in 1610.
  • Robert Hooke published his book Micrographia in 1665 men began to take the microscope seriously.
  • Gutenberg was a goldsmith
Garth Holman

The Third Crusade - 2 views

www.middle-ages.org.uk/the-third-crusade.htm

Quest 8 Saladin King Richard Cursades

shared by Garth Holman on 15 Mar 12 - Cached
  • Saladin a leader
  • ery devout in prayers and fasting, fiercely hostile toward unbelievers, and full of the pride of race.
  • kindliness and humanity not surpassed,
  • ...17 more annotations...
  • Third Crusade was caused by the capture of Jerusalem in 1187 by Saladin, the sultan of Egypt.
  • Saladin united the Moslems of Syria under his sway and then advanced against the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem
  • rout of their army and the capture of their king.
  • Even the Holy Cross, which they had carried in the midst of the fight, became the spoil of the conqueror.
  • The cry for another crusade arose on all sides. Once more thousands of men sewed the cross in gold, or silk, or cloth upon their garments and set out for the Holy Land.
  • King Philip Augustus of France, King Richard I of England, and the German emperor, Frederick Barbarossa assumed the cross,
  • King Richard I of England
  • Lion-hearted," in memory of his heroic exploits in Palestine
  • He raised money for the enterprise bythe persecution and robbery of the Jewsthe imposition of an unusual tax upon all classesthe sale of offices, dignities, and the royal lands
  • he would sell the city of London, if he could find a purchaser."
  • English and French kings finally mustered their forces beneath the walls of Acre, which city the Christians were then besieging.
  • knightly virtues
  • knightly adventures and chivalrous exploits
  • Richard was sick with a fever, Saladin, knowing that he was poorly supplied with delicacies, sent him a gift of the choicest fruits of the land. And on another occasion, Richard's horse having been killed in battle, the sultan caused a fine Arabian steed to be led to the Christian camp as a present for his rival.
  • , but could not capture Jerusalem.
  • King Richard and Saladin finally concluded a truce by the terms of which Christians were permitted to visit Jerusalem without paying tribute, that they should have free access to the holy places,
  • The king regained his liberty only by paying a ransom equivalent to more than twice the annual revenues of England.
Garth Holman

Untitled - 2 views

www.usgennet.org/...page25.htm

knights squires paige chivalry knighthood

shared by Garth Holman on 25 Jan 12 - Cached
  • Warlike Games of the Nobles; the Tournament. So eager for war and adventure were the nobles that times of peace seemed dull. Even hunting, of which they were very fond, was not exciting enough. So they had "tournaments." These were simply play-wars in which knights contended, either in single combat or in opposing troops.
  • Galleries were erected from which the ladies might view the combats and applaud their champions; and high nobles and even kings in splendid costume eagerly attended. The knights in their shining armor, with colored streamers fluttering from their lances, made a gallant picture.
  • One of them was "chivalry," which taught that every boy of noble birth should strive to be a true "knight" and every girl a "lady."
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • A true knight was a brave warrior who feared nothing, who was always ready to fight for the poor or the unfortunate, and who would never do a mean or underhand thing. To perform a gallant feat of arms, or to help any one in distress, he would gladly risk any danger and never ask for pay. A true knight must be a good Christian and serve the church. But most of all he was to select some noble lady for whose sake he would win renown and whose smile would be his highest reward.
  • chivalry marked out for each young noble what he was to learn. At about the age of seven his training began. Usually he was sent by his father to the castle of his lord or to that of some other famous knight. Here he became a "page." He waited constantly upon the lord and his wife, and by the ladies of the castle was taught courtly manners and perhaps how to play and sing. But when he grew strong enough for more active tasks, perhaps at fourteen or fifteen, he became a "squire." He now attended more especially upon the lord. He must care for his horses, keep his arms bright, and go with him on his campaigns. Meanwhile, under the direction of his lord, he practiced constantly in the use of arms, learning to ride, to wear the heavy armor, and to wield the lance. The older squires fought beside their lords in battle.
  • The giving of "knighthood" was an impressive ceremony. After bathing and arraying himself in the required costume of red, white, and black, the young man was required to watch for a whole night before the altar of a church in which his weapons and armor had been placed. In the morning he attended mass and then, in the presence of all his family, friends, and vassals, advanced to his lord and knelt. The lord drew his sword and with the flat of the blade smote the young man on the shoulder, saying as he did so, "In the name of God,’ St. Michael, and St. George, I dub thee knight. Be brave and loyal." Then the newly made knight arose joyfully, and leaping upon his horse showed his skill in riding and in the use of his sword and lance. The ceremony ended with a great feast.
Mike Pennington

Lost cities found beneath sands of Sahara by satellites - 1 views

www.theregister.co.uk/...lost_cities_sahara

ancientegypt

shared by Mike Pennington on 11 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Satellite images have revealed the ruins of a long-lost civilisation which existed in what is now the Sahara desert in Roman times and before
  • According to David Mattingly, professor of Roman archaeology at Leicester uni, the vanished "Garamantes" culture was a highly advanced one
  • “In fact, they were highly civilised, living in large-scale fortified settlements ... It was an organised state with towns and villages, a written language and state of the art technologies. The Garamantes were pioneers in establishing oases and opening up Trans-Saharan trade,” says the prof.
j slain

Roman Achievements & Inventions - Ancient Rome for Kids - 3 views

rome.mrdonn.org/achievements.html

AncientRome inventions

shared by j slain on 14 Nov 11 - Cached
  • lipstick and other cosmetics
  • Their advances in technology include the actual invention of concrete, roman roads, roman arches, and aqueducts.
  • invented the umbrella
  • ...25 more annotations...
  • Roman language (Latin),
  • The Catholic faith
  • Satire
  • use of rings to denote friendship
  • engagements
  • weddings
  • other holiday customs  
  • Socks
  • Many board and ball games
  • Roman language (Latin)
  • Roman language (Latin),
  • invented the umbrella
  • invented the umbrella
  • lipstick and other cosmetics
  • Many board and ball game
  • Socks
  • Many board and ball game
  • Socks
  • weddings
  • engagements
  • use of rings to denote friendship
  • Satire
  • Roman language (Latin),
  • lipstick and other cosmetics
  • invented the umbrella
  • nolan m on 14 Nov 11
     
    a good page to find enduring impacts for rome
Jason Wu

Top 10 Inventions of the Middle Ages - 0 views

listverse.com/...-inventions-of-the-middle-ages

ages inventions advancements top ten

shared by Jason Wu on 02 Mar 12 - Cached
  • This is a list of the ten greatest inventions of the Middle Ages (excluding military inventions).
  • Jason Wu on 02 Mar 12
     
    Top ten inventions in the Middle Ages, if you are having trouble finding something.
erick j

Ancient Roman Inventions - 2 views

www.mariamilani.com/...ancient_roman_inventions.htm

shared by erick j on 04 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Having set the background and gained a glimpse of just how thorny the subject could be it seems easiest to change tack and take the loosest of definitions. Listing some of the many things for which Ancient Rome might justly be remembered for....in no particular order: Advanced roads and road networks Milestones The standard width of our modern roads and tunnels is based on that of ancient Rome (there was a standard width for cart wheels, essentially based on the need of placing two horses side by side). The worn ruts in the roads made it virtually impossible to use any other measure. Triumphal arches Aqueducts (actually they learned much about structures from the Estruscans, but developed it to perfection) Bronze valves and water pumps. Huge numbers of instruments and tools for engineering, construction and measurement. The Romans were, after all, excellent engineers. For example you could purchase your access to water supply for set hours of the day or set quantities of water, which were dutifully metered and billed, pretty much as you would today, albeit with slighty different technology!. Medical and Surgical tools (mainly thanks to the Greeks actually but hugely developed as a consequence of the needs generated by Gladiatorial games and continuous war campaigns) Cesareans - sounds like Caesar doesn't it? Cesareans were often used to save the baby if the mother died during childbirth. Fast curing cement - hugely important discovery which allowed cement to cure and harden in short times and even under water. The ancient Romans realised that adding pozzolanic earth from volcanic regions (Eg Pozzuoli near Naples) to traditional mortar allowed a water proof and extremely solid mix. This could be used to waterproof the interior of aqueduct tunnels or extend the potentials of Roman architecture with impo
    • erick j
      erick j on 04 Nov 11
       
      The Romans invented many things that we use more perfected versions of today. I wonder what would happen if the ancients Romans didn't exist.
  • erick j on 04 Nov 11
     
    Here are some ancient Roman inventions.
  • erick j on 04 Nov 11
     
    This website has some good information on ancient Roman inventions.
ben m

The Middle Ages - 5 views

westernreservepublicmedia.org/...standards_history.htm

shared by ben m on 14 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Early Civilizations / Y2003.CSS.S01.G06-08.BB.L07.I02 02. Describe the enduring impact of early civilizations in India, China, Egypt, Greece and Rome after 1000 B.C. including: The development of concepts of government and citizenship Scientific and cultural advancements The spread of religions Slavery and systems of labor
    • ben m
      ben m on 14 Nov 11
       
      This is great it is like an all in one!!
Zoe K

Ancient Greece - Ancient History - HISTORY.com - 2 views

www.history.com/...ancient-greece

history greece ancient

shared by Zoe K on 29 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • Greece refers to the time three centuries before the classical age, between 800 B.C. and 500 B.C.
  • Archaic Greece saw advances in art, poetry and technology, but most of all it was the age in which the polis, or city-state, was invented.
  • They developed governments and organized their citizens according to some sort of constitution or set of laws.
  • ...15 more annotations...
  • These people monopolized political power.
  • They all had economies that were based on agriculture, not trade
  • (For example, they refused to let ordinary people serve on councils or assemblies.
  • The colonial migrations of the Archaic period had an important effect on its art and literature
  • They also monopolized the best farmland, and some even claimed to be descended from the gods. Because “the poor with their wives and children were enslaved to the rich and had no political rights,”
  • Land was the most important source of wealth in the city-states;
  • And every one of these city-states (known as poleis) was said to be protected by a particular god or goddess, to whom the citizens of the polis owed a great deal of reverence, respect and sacrifice.
  • These leaders were known as tyrants.
  • As time passed and their populations grew, many of these agricultural city-states began to produce consumer goods such as pottery, cloth, wine and metalwork.
  • a relatively sophisticated period in world history.
  • The polis became the defining feature of Greek political life for hundreds of years.
  • During the so-called “Greek Dark Ages” before the Archaic period, people lived scattered throughout Greece in small farming villages. As they grew larger, these villages began to evolve. Some built walls.
  • Each of these poleis was an independent city-state. In this way, the colonies of the Archaic period were different from other colonies we are familiar with: The people who lived there were not ruled by or bound to the city-states from which they came. The new poleis were self-governing and self-sufficient.
  • Between 750 B.C. and 600 B.C., Greek colonies sprang up from the Mediterranean to Asia Minor, from North Africa to the coast of the Black Sea. By the end of the seventh century B.C., there were more than 1,500 colonial poleis.
    • Yang Y
      Yang Y on 29 Sep 15
       
      The oligarchs' power was greater than anyone else's.
  • Zoe K on 30 Sep 15
     
    facts about ancient greece
Garth Holman

The Renaissance at mrdowling.com - 3 views

www.mrdowling.com/704renaissance.html

shared by Garth Holman on 16 Apr 12 - Cached
  • About 1450
  • Renaissance is a French word that means "rebirth."
  • beginning of modern history.
  • ...22 more annotations...
  • flowering in literature
  • painting, sculpture, and architecture. Paintings became more realistic and focused less often on religious topics.
  • began in northern Italy
  • Arab scholars preserved the writings of the ancient Greeks in their libraries. When the Italian cities traded with the Arabs, ideas were exchanged along with goods. These ideas, preserved from the ancient past, served as the basis of the Renaissance.
  • William Shakespeare.
  • Crusaders returned to Europe with a newfound understanding of the world.
  • The invention of the printing press encouraged literacy and helped to spread new ideas.
  • Wealthy families and the church had amassed enough wealth to become patrons.
  • The development of financial techniques such as bookkeeping and credit allowed merchants to
  • prosper
  • studying the world around them.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 16 Apr 12
       
      What does the term Rebirth mean?  Imply?  SO the Renaissance was a WHAT? 
    • Rose h
      Rose h on 16 Apr 12
       
      The beginning of a new age, 
    • Margo L
      Margo L on 16 Apr 12
       
      Whats a turk???
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 08 Apr 13
       
      A Turk is a person from Modern Turkey.  They divide the European/Christian world from the Middle East and Asia (Arab/Islamic) 
    • agriffin a
      agriffin a on 08 Apr 14
       
      the term re birth means a new life or to start over from scratch.
    • gpinhasi g
      gpinhasi g on 08 Apr 14
       
      Why did the Europeans became more interested in the World around them?
    • jgreen j
      jgreen j on 08 Apr 14
       
      Because the world around them was very interesting.
    • jdanielpour j
      jdanielpour j on 08 Apr 14
       
      The reason why Europeans all the sudden are now curious and are now investigating the world around them is that after the black death and the crusades, people became more humanist and farther away from religion, so this causes two things: First, religion was keeping others from wondering what everything is, (since religion would make an answer for the questions people had,) keeping everyone together in one place. Second, Christianity at that time had a pretty bad relationship with Muslims, so now that people aren't letting their Religion tell them what to do, people will go past those religious laws for the sack of curiosity.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 16 Apr 12
       
      So, who do we thank for saving the knowledge of Ancient Greece and Rome?  Who helped make our world? 
    • Lance C
      Lance C on 09 Apr 13
       
      The muslims
    • Jack Z
      Jack Z on 09 Apr 13
       
      The Arabs
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 16 Apr 12
       
      What does the word Patron mean?  Look it up.   How did art change?  How did MONEY impact society? 
    • glever g
      glever g on 08 Apr 14
       
      A Patron is like an EMPLOYER they pay you with MONEY as compared to an item or land to do a task
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 16 Apr 12
       
      Here we have four causes.  What do they really say is happening?  In your own words. 
    • Hannah K
      Hannah K on 16 Apr 12
       
      The idea of investing
  • Rich families became patrons and commissioned great art. Artists advanced the Renaissance style of showing nature and depicting the feelings of people.
  • Crusaders returned to Europe with a newfound understanding of the world. The invention of the printing press encouraged literacy and helped to spread new ideas. Wealthy families and the church had amassed enough wealth to become patrons. The development of financial techniques such as bookkeeping and credit allowed merchants to prosper
    • Yuke Z
      Yuke Z on 17 Apr 12
       
      Cultural Diffusion
    • Yuke Z
      Yuke Z on 17 Apr 12
       
      Replaced illuminated manuscripts. Took much less time to use printing press, which means, more books and ideas could be spread
    • bsafenovitz b
      bsafenovitz b on 07 Apr 14
       
      So more money could be made in a faster time
    • Yuke Z
      Yuke Z on 17 Apr 12
       
      Banking is invented. Instead of breaking the stick, now there is bookkeeping.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 07 Apr 14
       
      If the Middle Ages are sometimes called the "DARK AGES", why is the Phrase "DAWN of a New Age" so important? 
    • mberkley m
      mberkley m on 07 Apr 14
       
      I think the "DAWN" means that the "New Age" is going to be a better and nicer time for people and the world will be calmer that before
    • glever g
      glever g on 08 Apr 14
       
      I believe the "DAWN" means an enlightening of minds
    • jdanielpour j
      jdanielpour j on 08 Apr 14
       
      Since the dark ages are now over, and now it's the "DAWN" of a new age, this could imply that, the "DARK AGES," was the night/hibernation of technology and/or knowledge and information, and now that it is now the "DAWN," we could infer that this could mean that technology and knowledge, are awakening.
    • nshore n
      nshore n on 08 Apr 14
       
      I think "DAWN" probably means the beginning of change in Europe. Everything from art to government transforms into new ideas for a new era. 
  • Garth Holman on 16 Apr 12
     
    Renkaissance
Garth Holman

History of Timbuktu, Mali - 6 views

www.timbuktufoundation.org/history.html

WestAfrica Timbuktu

shared by Garth Holman on 04 May 12 - Cached
  • The popular statement, " From here to Timbuktu." conjures up images of remote, isolated and distant parts of this earth. Very few people are aware of this ancient city's location, and fewer still ascribe any kind of civilization to this historic area. Timbuktu is located in the western African nation of Mali at the edge of the sahara.
  • The historic town of Timbuktu is located at the precise point where the Niger flows northward into the southern edge of the desert. As a result of its unique geographical position, Timbuktu has been a natural meeting point of Songhai, Wangara,Fulani, Tuareg and Arabs. According to the inhabitants of Timbuku, gold came from the south, the salt from the north and the Divine knowledge, from Timbuktu. Timbuktu is also the cross-road where "the camel met the canoe." It is to this privilege position that the city owes much of its historical dynamism. From the 11th century and onward, Timbuktu became an important port where goods from West Africa and North Africa were traded.
  • Goods coming the Mediterranean shores and salt were traded in Timbuktu for gold. The prosperity of the city attracted both black scholars, blacks merchants and Arabs traders from North Africa. Salt, books and gold were very much in demand at that time.
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  • he first constructions in Timbuktu were designed by African architects from Djenne and later on by Muslim architects from North Africa. Trade and knowledge were at their height.
  • Timbuktu became a celebrated center of Islamic learning and a commercial establishment. Timbuktu had three universities and 180 Quranic schools. These universities were the Sankore University, Jingaray Ber University and Sidi Yahya University. This was the golden age of Africa. Books were not only written in Timbuktu, but they were also imported and copied there. There was an advanced local book copying industry in the city. The universities and private libraries contained unparalleled scholarly works. The famous scholar of Timbuktu Ahmad Baba who was among those forcibly exiled in Morocco claimed that his library of 1600 books had been plundered, and that his library, according to him, was one of the smaller in the city.
  • The booming economy of Timbuktu attracted the attention of the Emperor of Mali, Mansa Mussa (1307-1332) also known as “Kan Kan Mussa.” He captured the city in 1325. As a Muslim, Mansa Mussa was impressed with the Islamic legacy of Timbuktu. On his return from Mecca, Mansa Mussa brought with him an Egyptian architect by the name of Abu Es Haq Es Saheli.
  • The Emperor also brought Arabs scholars to Timbuktu. To his great surprise, the Emperor has found that these scholars are underqualified compared to the black scholars of Timbuktu
  • Mansa Mussa's pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324 had made Mali known worldwide. The great rulertook 60,000 porters with him. Each porter carried 3 kilograms of pure gold, that is, 180,000 kilograms or at least 180 tons of gold (Reference: Volume IV UNESCO General History of Africa, pages 197-200). He had so much gold with him that when he stopped in Egypt, the Egyptian currency lost its value and as result, the name of Mali and Timbuktu appeared on the 14th century world map.
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 04 May 12
       
      Who would take notice of all this gold?  
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 04 May 12
       
      Where camel met the canoe.  What does this mean? 
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 04 May 12
       
      Key items traded? 
    • Garth Holman
      Garth Holman on 04 May 12
       
      Spread of Islam.  How did Timbuktu help Islam take hold in Africa?  How did Mansa Mussa Help spread the word about Timbuktu?
alove_

Battle of Tours - HISTORY - 0 views

www.history.com/...battle-of-tours

battle of tours

shared by alove_ on 18 Feb 20 - No Cached
  • At the Battle of Tours near Poitiers, France, Frankish leader Charles Martel, a Christian, defeats a large army of Spanish Moors, halting the Muslim advance into Western Europe. Abd-ar-Rahman, the Muslim governor of Cordoba, was killed in the fighting, and the Moors retreated from Gaul, never to return in such force.
jclenk

Ancient Civilizations | Ancient History for Kids - 1 views

www.ancienthistoryforkids.com/ancient-egypt

Egypt Civilization

shared by jclenk on 10 Mar 22 - No Cached
  • This massive Arid climate makes it a strange place for a large population of people
  • It flows north through the Sahara creating a long oasis in the desert eventually dumping into the Mediterranean Sea
  • The Nile River is the world’s longest river
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  • The Nile is divided into sections by cataracts.  A cataract is a rocky area that creates a waterfall or rapids.  There are six cataracts in the Nile river.
  •  As the water level lowered, it would leave behind rich fertile soil for farmers
  • Fresh water, irrigation, fertile soil--this is why people called it the "gift" of the Nile.
  • Around 6000 BCE the climate began to change, which might explain why many humans changed from hunting and gathering to farming.  Before civilization, early humans came to the Nile River to hunt, fish, and gather food, but gradually as people learned to farm and domesticate animals (about 7000 BCE and 5500 BCE), and therefore live in permanent settlements, areas around the Nile became more crowded.
  • The change from nomadic hunter-gatherers to civilized living followed the same pattern as other places around the world: farming provided extra food, which allowed the division of labor, which allows the development of government and religion and creates social classes. 
  • Historians call them Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt
  • We know so much about the Egyptians because there are so many written resources and because their culture lasted so long with few interruptions
  • Another reason we know so much about Egypt is because they made their architecture out of stone, which has lasted for the most part. 
  • Religion was a the center of Egyptian life.  Egyptians believed in many Gods, so they were polytheistic.
  • Later Egyptians would call their kings “pharaoh”.  Egyptian people believed the pharaoh was a living God, so the Egyptians developed a theocracy, or a government ruled by religious leaders.  This is important to understanding why Egyptian people were so willing to give their grain to the Pharaoh and build him or her incredible temples—they thought the Pharaoh was a living God that would be with them forever in eternity.
  • The most well-known ritual was mummification.  Egyptians believed in life after death, and they wanted the body to look life-like.  Anyone could be mummified if they had enough money
  • Egyptians were a very advanced civilization due to their inventions and technology.  Egyptians developed a writing system called hieroglyphs that combined pictures and symbols.  Eventually, they created an alphabet from their symbols.  In 1822 CE a European explorer found what is called the Rossetta Stone (left picture)--a stone with the same message written in 3 different languages, which finally allowed historians to translate ancient hieroglyphs. Egyptians developed a 365-day calendar and used a number system based on 10. Egyptians figured out amazing ways to cut stone to use in their temples and obelisks.  An obelisk is a tall narrow monument that becomes more narrow as it goes up.  They created a writing material similar to paper called papyrus from reeds found in the Nile.  Egyptians were excellent ship builders and excelled at mathematics.  They used fractions, decimals, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and basic ideas of geometry.  Egyptian art and architecture is famous and has been reused and copied by many other civilization including Greece, Rome, and even the United States
  • Egyptian life depended on what social class you were a part of.
  • At the top of society was the Pharaoh.  Below the Pharaoh was the royal court (Pharaoh's family), high priests, government officials, and scribes and nobles (rich land owners).  Below them were doctors and engineers, craftsman, and then farmers and unskilled workers at the bottom.  Egyptians did use some slaves, but slavery is hardly mentioned in their writings.
  • Bread was the main food source, but they would have eaten meat during festivals. 
  • Egypt's history is divided into six different time periods
  • creating Egypt's first dynasty.  He defeated some enemies and united Upper and Lower Egypt into one civilization.
  • One of the first major Pharaohs of the Old Kingdom was Djoser.  His temple was one of the first pyramids Egyptians tried to build.  It was a "step pyramid" and it started the tradition of building pyramids as a burial ground for Pharaohs. Although the term "Pharaoh" wasn't used until much later, we will keep using it to refer to Egyptian kings.   
  • Hatshepsut was a women Pharaoh.  Her tomb is an amazingly long ramp leading to a temple that has been cut out of a mountain.  Pharaoh Akhenaten tried to start a new religious tradition of worshipping only one God.  Worshipping one God is called monotheism.  This did not sit well with the polytheistic population that has honored many gods for thousands of years.  After Akhenaten's death his monuments were destroyed and his name was removed from the list of kings. Years later he was often referred to as, "the enemy". Akhenaten's son would also become famous, thousands of years later when his tomb was found perfectly preserved. His name was Pharaoh Tutankhamen--he is known and King Tut. He became Pharaoh at age 9 or 10 and ruled for only 9 years.
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