After 1500, a web of maritime trade linked Western Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Thousands of ships carried explorers, merchants, and migrants from Europe to the Americas. They also transported millions of enslaved men and women from Africa. Vessels bound back to Europe carried gold, silver, sugar, tobacco, rice, and other cargoes, along with returning travelers. Every crossing brought new encounters between people, customs, and ways of life, ultimately creating entirely new cultures in the Americas. The maritime web connected the lives of millions of people on both sides of the Atlantic.
"This is a collection of hyperlinks to digitized editions of source-documents and literature concerning early medieval Europe that can be found on the internet today. Sources listed here are all available to the public, free of charge. Currently there are 3696 entries in this collection. "
Two prominent historians, Norman Davies and Timothy Snyder, were hosted at the Batory Foundation in Warsaw on Thursday, 28 November. The discussion was moderated by Aleksander Smolar, director of the Foundation's board. The full house included prominent historians, directors of institutions and programmes in Warsaw, Toruń and Radom, researchers including Jan Kieniewicz, the University of Warsaw historian and author of books on Europe and Asia, and members of the press.
'an index of scholarly websites that offer online access to digitised primary sources on the history of Europe. The websites listed on EHPS are not only meta-sources but also include invented archives and born digital sources.'
A site run by people really into their rocks. Has information and some high-res images of standing stones, stone circles and other prehistoric megaliths from Western and Southern Europe. Good for prehistoric Europe, the Celts or archaeology, I guess.
The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) electronic reading room of the American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) offers several primary source collections for the study of Central and Eastern Europe during and after the Cold War period.
The FOIA Electronic Reading Room web site was established by the CIA "to provide the public with an overview of access to CIA information, including electronic access to previously released documents."
Direct web access to the following collections is now possible:
# The Soviet and Warsaw Pact Military Journals is a PDF collection of "sensitive Soviet and Warsaw Pact military journals from 1961 to 1984 providing a view into Warsaw Pact military strategy".
# Preparing for Martial Law: Through the Eyes of Colonel Ryszard Kuklinski is "a captivating collection of over 75 documents concerning the planning and implementation martial law in Poland from mid-1980 to late 1981. The collection release coincided with a CIA symposium honouring Colonel Ryszard Kuklinski, a member of the Polish Army General Staff and the source of the documents."
From 1939 to 1953, nearly one million people were deported to the Gulag from the European territories annexed by the USSR at the start of the Second World War and those that came under Soviet influence after the War: some to work camps but most as forced settlers in villages in Siberia and Central Asia.
An international team of researchers has collected 160 statements from former deportees, photographs of their lives, documents from private and public archives and films. Many of these witnesses had never spoken out before.
In these statements and these documents, the Museum invites you to explore a neglected chapter of the history of Europe.
this is an interesting article - a book review. This is effectiove because the second book reviewed is one of the most referenced ones on the end of communism in Europe.
This site is briliant! A bunch of exemplary librarians maintain a list of high-quality sites which can be used for historical research on Europe. It's especially good for World War One but also some of the smaller European countries which are often hard to find information on.