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Long-term ozone exposure and mortality. Jerrett M, Burnett RT, Pope CA 3rd, Ito K, Thurston G, Krewski D, Shi Y, Calle E, Thun M. N Engl J Med. 2009 Mar 12;360(11):1085-95. PMID: 19279340 [

Ischemic and thrombotic effects of dilute diesel-exhaust inhalation in men with coronary heart disease. Mills NL, Törnqvist H, Gonzalez MC, Vink E, Robinson SD, Söderberg S, Boon NA, Donaldson K, Sandström T, Blomberg A, Newby DE. N Engl J Med. 2007 Sep 13;357(11):1075-82. PMID: 17855668

Vitamin D deficiency an important, common, and easily treatable cardiovascular risk factor?\nLee JH, O'Keefe JH, Bell D, Hensrud DD, Holick MF.\nJ Am Coll Cardiol. 2008 Dec 9;52(24):1949-56. Review.\nPMID: 19055985

Quantitative measurement of tetrahydromenaquinone-9 in cheese fermented by propionibacteria.\nHojo K, Watanabe R, Mori T, Taketomo N.\nJ Dairy Sci. 2007 Sep;90(9):4078-83.\nPMID: 17699024 \ndoi:10.3168/jds.2006-892\n

Pomegranate fruit extracts have been shown to block enzymes that contribute to cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis, a condition that currently has little perspective for treatment. The findings, although still at a preliminary stage not yet proven in humans, are likely to encourage further consumption of pomegranate juice in the UK, where sales have rocketed in the last year thanks to media coverage of its antioxidant content.

Derived from the bulb or clove of the plant. Garlic is used as a spice and to treat hyperlipidemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, cancer, and infections. Processing can have a substantial effect on the chemical content in garlic; the volatile oil components are sensitive to heat and certain enzymes are acid-labile. Several oral garlic formulations are available, and clinical studies have addressed a variety of the proposed claims. Placebo-controlled trials on the cholesterol lowering effect of garlic yielded mixed results (16) (17) (18) (21) (22) (26). Studies evaluating the antithrombotic effects repeatedly have shown modest reduction in platelet aggregation, but varying levels of fibrinolytic activity. Research shows mixed effects with regard to reductions in blood glucose, blood pressure, or risk of cardiovascular disease (23). Frequently reported adverse events include bad breath, headache, fatigue, GI upset, diarrhea, sweating, and possible hypoglycemia (9). Because garlic is known to decrease platelet aggregation and potentially elevate the INR, it should not be used with anticoagulants or in patients with platelet dysfunction (15). Garlic appears to induce cytochrome p450 3A4 and may enhance metabolism of many medications (e.g. cyclosporin and saquinavir) (12). An analysis of several case-control studies in Europe suggests an inverse association between garlic consumption and risk of common cancers (25).

Authors: Laura L. Vernon; Jacqueline M. Dillon; Amanda R. W. Steiner\nDOI: 10.1080/10615800802203751

White button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) exhibits antiproliferative and proapoptotic properties and inhibits prostate tumor growth in athymic mice. Adams LS, Phung S, Wu X, Ki L, Chen S. Nutr Cancer. 2008;60(6):744-56. PMID: 19005974 DOI: 10.1080/01635580802192866

Lower serum creatinine is a new risk factor of type 2 diabetes: the Kansai healthcare study. Harita N, Hayashi T, Sato KK, Nakamura Y, Yoneda T, Endo G, Kambe H. Diabetes Care. 2009 Mar;32(3):424-6. Epub 2008 Dec 15. PMID: 19074997 DOI: 10.2337/dc08-1265

Major types of dietary fat and risk of coronary heart disease: a pooled analysis of 11 cohort studies. Jakobsen MU, O'Reilly EJ, Heitmann BL, Pereira MA, Bälter K, Fraser GE, Goldbourt U, Hallmans G, Knekt P, Liu S, Pietinen P, Spiegelman D, Stevens J, Virtamo J, Willett WC, Ascherio A. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Feb 11. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19211817 doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.27124

A reappraisal of the impact of dairy foods and milk fat on cardiovascular disease risk. German JB, Gibson RA, Krauss RM, Nestel P, Lamarche B, van Staveren WA, Steijns JM, de Groot LC, Lock AL, Destaillats F. Eur J Nutr. 2009 Mar 4. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 19259609 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-009-0002-5

Diesel exhaust inhalation causes vascular dysfunction and impaired endogenous fibrinolysis. Mills NL, Törnqvist H, Robinson SD, Gonzalez M, Darnley K, MacNee W, Boon NA, Donaldson K, Blomberg A, Sandstrom T, Newby DE. Circulation. 2005 Dec 20;112(25):3930-6. PMID: 16365212 doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.588962

Persistent endothelial dysfunction in humans after diesel exhaust inhalation. Törnqvist H, Mills NL, Gonzalez M, Miller MR, Robinson SD, Megson IL, Macnee W, Donaldson K, Söderberg S, Newby DE, Sandström T, Blomberg A. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007 Aug 15;176(4):395-400. Epub 2007 Apr 19. PMID: 17446340 doi: 10.1164/rccm.200606-872OC

Exposure to diesel exhaust induces changes in EEG in human volunteers. Crüts B, van Etten L, Törnqvist H, Blomberg A, Sandström T, Mills NL, Borm PJ. Part Fibre Toxicol. 2008 Mar 11;5:4. PMID: 18334019 doi:10.1186/1743-8977-5-4

Diesel exhaust inhalation increases thrombus formation in man. Lucking AJ, Lundback M, Mills NL, Faratian D, Barath SL, Pourazar J, Cassee FR, Donaldson K, Boon NA, Badimon JJ, Sandstrom T, Blomberg A, Newby DE. Eur Heart J. 2008 Dec;29(24):3043-51. Epub 2008 Oct 24. PMID: 18952612