Dental surgery is a branch of dentistry that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of oral diseases and conditions. It involves procedures that go beyond the scope of regular dental care, such as tooth extractions, dental implants, and root canal therapy.
Immunogenicity refers to the capacity of a vaccine to provoke an immune response in the body. An effective immune response is characterized by the production
of specific antibodies, activation of immune cells, and the development of immunological memory. The goal is to elicit a durable and robust response that can prevent
or control infections.
Leveraging Viral Vector Technology
Viral vectors serve as essential vehicles for delivering antigenic proteins or genetic material into target cells, triggering an immune response. Biotechnology
companies have been exploring advanced strategies to optimize viral vector design, aiming to enhance immunogenicity and improve vaccine effectiveness.
Vector Selection: The choice of viral vector plays a crucial role in determining immunogenicity. Different viruses have unique properties and characteristics that
can impact immune responses. Biotechnology companies meticulously select viral vectors that possess the desired attributes, such as the ability to infect target cells
efficiently and induce strong immune responses.
Genetic Engineering: Advanced genetic engineering techniques are employed to modify viral vectors, tailoring them to specific vaccine requirements. By introducing
specific antigenic proteins or genetic material, researchers can stimulate the immune system to mount a targeted response. This precise manipulation enhances the
vaccine's ability to elicit a robust immune reaction.
Immunomodulatory Elements: Biotechnology companies are incorporating immunomodulatory elements into viral vector designs. These elements can enhance the immune
response by stimulating various components of the immune system, such as antigen-presenting cells and T cells. By activating and priming these immune cells, the
vaccine can generate a more potent and sustained immune response.
Adjuvants: Adjuvants are substances added to vaccines to enhance their immunogenicity. They stimulate and amplify the immune response, improving the va
Cardiac surgery and respiration disorders are one of the primary drivers of death all around the world. Significant reasons of these problems might be prevented if the risk factors are perceived. Early prognosis, set off and suitable treatment whenever initiated can drag out and save many lives.
Amgen Inc sued Novartis AG's Sandoz in a federal court in the United States on Monday (May 1), accusing Sandoz's proposed versions of its multibillion-dollar
bone-strengthening drugs Prolia and Xgeva of infringing several patents.
Amgen asked the New Jersey court to block Sandoz's biosimilars of the drugs until its patents expire. One of the patents named in the complaint does not expire
until 2037.
Sandoz declined to comment on the lawsuit on Tuesday. Novartis, which is also named in the complaint, is preparing to spin Sandoz off into a standalone company
later this year.
Amgen's Prolia is used to treat osteoporosis. Xgeva, with the same active ingredient denosumab, treats bone cancer and prevents fractures in bone-cancer patients.
NHS England and NHS Improvement (NHSE&I), in association with the Royal Pharmaceutical Society (RPS) and the Association of Pharmacy Technicians UK (APTUK),
has published its first inclusive pharmacy practice (IPP) bulletin, with an overarching ambition "to make community pharmacy a more inclusive environment for all
pharmacy professionals".
The IPP programme will take practical steps to improve the awareness and understanding at all levels of different cultural beliefs and attitudes, according to the
Pharmaceutical Services Negotiating Committee (PSNC).
As a member of the IPP Improving Practice and Engagement Group, PSNC has contributed to this issue of the Bulletin, which focuses on how pharmacy professionals can
help to reduce health inequalities via the detection and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
The IPP programme, of which the Bulletin forms a part, aims to engage with local communities to help improve their health and reduce inequalities in care -
particularly among those from ethnically diverse and disadvantaged backgrounds.
Making your home both heat and cold-resistant may seem like a daunting task, but there are actually a few simple things you can do to make your home more
comfortable no matter the season. In this article, we'll share four ways to make your home both heat and cold-resistant.
INSTALL WEATHERSTRIPPING OR CAULKING
One of the best ways to make your home more resistant to both heat and cold is to install weatherstripping or caulking around all of the doors and windows. This
will help to seal up any cracks or gaps that might let the air escape, making it much easier to keep your home at a comfortable temperature no matter what the weather
is like outside.
One of the best ways to make your home both heat and cold resistant is to install weatherstripping around all of your doors and windows. This will help to seal in
the cool air during the summer and the warm air during the winter, making your home much more comfortable year-round.
Another way to improve your home's resistance to extreme temperatures is to caulk any gaps or cracks that you may have in your walls, floors, or ceilings. By doing
this, you'll prevent heat or cold from seeping into your home through these tiny openings, saving you money on your energy bills.
The International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) has published two new handbooks to support pharmacists in providing 'much-needed' mental health services.
The federation unveiled "Mental healthcare - A handbook for pharmacists" and "Knowledge and skills reference guide for professional development in mental health
care" on Thursday July 7.
The handbooks, developed in collaboration with an international group of experts, aim to support pharmacy practice, presenting the many potential mental health
care actions that pharmacists can perform, from preventing mental illness and screening for signs to optimising medication and responding to mental health crises.
The reference guide is intended to accompany the handbook and defines the knowledge and skills that pharmacists need to acquire to provide such services.
All pharmacy businesses are reporting that they are struggling to find the registered professionals needed to open their pharmacies, clarified the Company
Chemists' Association (CCA) in response to an attack by the Pharmacists' Defence Association.
Last week, PDA allegedly accused some large pharmacy chains of 'orchestrating' full or part-time closures of some of their shops due to the staff shortage.
In its Open Letter published on Tuesday (July 19), PDA demanded urgent action "to protect patients by ensuring that essential community pharmacy services are
provided safely and consistently".
"All parts of the healthcare system are struggling to recruit staff and to assume that pharmacies would be immune to such pressures, seems fanciful," said CCA.
"CCA members are working extraordinarily hard to prevent temporary closures, but recruitment and retention of pharmacists is becoming increasingly tough. The recent
rise in Covid cases and the beginning of the summer holiday season in parts of the UK have only worsened the situation."
The Association also showed data from the PSNC Pharmacy Pressures Survey (April 2022) which found that 91 per cent of pharmacies are experiencing staff shortages,
clearly demonstrating that these shortages are affecting the entire sector.
Britain's competition watchdog has fined pharmaceutical companies Pfizer and Flynn £63 million and £6.7 million respectively for allegedly breaking competition
law and illegally profiting from the sale of an anti-epilepsy drug.
The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) found that the two companies colluded to sell phenytoin sodium capsules, previously known as Epanutin, at "unfairly high
prices" for over four over years between 2012 and 2016.
The annual costs of the capsules for the NHS increased from £2 million in 2012 to approximately £50 million the following year.
CMA has accused Pfizer of charging, over four years, prices between 780 per cent and 1,600 per cent higher than what was fixed previously for the medicine used to
prevent life-threatening epileptic seizures.
Pfizer supplied the drug to Flynn, which then sold the capsules on to wholesalers and pharmacies at a price between 2,300 per cent and 2,600 per cent higher than
the prices previously charged by Pfizer.
The National Pharmacy Association (NPA) has called the future prime minister to deliver on the commitments made by the previous health secretaries to reform
primary care through a 'pharmacy first' approach and fairly fund community pharmacies to avoid closures.
In an open letter, the NPA has urged Rishi Sunak and Liz Truss, the two leadership contenders of the Conservative Party and prime ministerial candidates, to think
radically about the role of England's 11,000 pharmacies, which are on the frontline of healthcare across the country.
NPA also highlighted how pharmacies could help clear the NHS backlog, free up millions more GP appointments, dramatically improve access to primary health care and
do more to prevent ill health and support people with long term medical conditions.
"Because of our unparalleled presence in deprived areas, we also have great potential to level up access to healthcare and address health inequalities. We set these
ideas out in How We Can Help, which is an improvement plan already welcomed by many of your colleagues."
Sobha Sharma Kandel wants community pharmacy teams up and down the country to be super responsive to emerging needs of their patients - by always being
pro-active rather than reactive.
"We know that every patient benefits from our proactive approaches - listening, asking questions, providing information and making clinical interventions when
appropriate.
"At a time when general practice is overstretched, community pharmacy must be relied upon as the frontline of the NHS when it comes to providing diagnosis,
treatment and continuous care in our communities to promote health and wellbeing of our patients."
Sobha believes Covid-19 has helped shift public perception of community pharmacies from being a place where one goes to collect a prescription to a hub where one
can access a range of healthcare advice and services.
"We are way more than just a shop where you can collect your medicines," she said, giving examples of how her interventions have helped reduce medication errors,
prevent harm and subsequently reduce cost of care.
She once saved a baby from getting overdosed with omeprazole when they had issues with gastroesophageal reflux. On another occasion, she managed a lady's high blood
pressure by finding equivalent medications to a combination dose prescribed by her doctor in another country.
Dental procedures are a necessary evil for most people. We all know that we need to go in for a cleaning and check-up at least once a year, but sometimes
the cost of these procedures can be prohibitive. It's hard to know which procedures are worth the money and which ones aren't. Here is an essential list of dental
procedures that are worth the money.
CAVITY FILLINGS
Cavities are caused by tooth decay. If left untreated, cavities can cause severe damage to your teeth. They can also lead to pain and infection. The best way to
treat a cavity is to have it filled by a dentist.
During the procedure, your dentist will remove the decay from your tooth and then fill the cavity with a composite material. This material is solid and durable and
can help restore your tooth to its original shape and function. Modern materials and techniques have made cavity fillings much more effective than they used to be.
Most fillings last for many years with proper care.
ROOT CANALS
It's a dental procedure that is used to treat an infected tooth. During the procedure, the dentist will remove the infected tissue from the tooth and then fill the
space with a particular material.
The procedures are very effective in treating infected teeth. They can also help to prevent the spread of infection to other teeth.
Root canals are usually very successful, and most teeth with a root canal can last for many years. Generally, the cost of the procedure will depend on the severity
of the infection and the number of teeth that need to be treated. If you are considering treatment for a root canal, it is crucial to find a qualified and
experienced dentist who has experience. You want a team that assures you of world-class standards in all their procedures. This is what brings you value for your
money.
Think about your smile. It's one of the first things people see when they meet you, and it can leave a lasting impression. That's why it's so important to invest
in your smile! Not only is it good for your health, but it also improves your confidence. There are many different dental care options available, and it can be tough
to decide which one is right for you. In this article, we will discuss the different options available and how to choose the right one for you!
IT'S IMPORTANT FOR YOUR HEALTH
Your oral health is important! When you smile, you not only show off your pearly whites, but you also show off your health. A healthy smile is an important part of
a healthy body! Good dental hygiene is essential for your overall health. It's essential to brush and floss your teeth every day and see your dentist for regular
checkups. Dental problems can lead to other health problems, so it's important to take good care of your teeth and gums. Taking care of your teeth can help prevent
gum disease, tooth decay, and other dental problems. Investing in your smile is investing in your health!
The Taskforce report recognises the important role of community pharmacy and pharmacy teams, and in particular, the fact that they often have most contact with
individuals who are receiving medication assisted treatment, commented the Royal Pharmaceutical Society (RPS) on the publication of the Scottish Drug Deaths
Taskforce's final report.
The final report published on Thursday (June 21) follows four years of work developing and implementing a programme of actions to tackle the rising number of drug
deaths in Scotland.
RPS, as pharmacy's professional leadership body in Scotland and the rest of Great Britain, has positively engaged with the Taskforce as it carried out its work.
Last year, RPS published 'Pharmacy's role in reducing harm and preventing drugs deaths (Scotland)' which contained 14 key recommendations. Many of the recommended actions within the Taskforce's report align with RPS policy.
Community pharmacists are readily accessible healthcare providers and medicine experts in the community setting and their counsel is often sought by patients
and consumers on a number of subjects including the use of dietary supplements. Their role in the sale of and advice regarding natural health and drug alternatives
has never been more relevant.
The recent National Health Service (NHS) Interim People Plan calls for the NHS to put all staff front and centre of the way it operates and identifies pharmacists
as a critical part of multidisciplinary teams, providing care across a wide range of increasingly complex patient needs.
Despite existing demand to counsel patients on a vast range of medicines, more and more consumers are looking to their pharmacist to support and enhance their
knowledge regarding the relevance of a growing range of supplementary nutrients now available.
Nutritional supplementation is increasingly becoming the consumer's first choice for 'drug free' treatment or natural prevention that provides a true sense of
taking control, which the prescription process often denies them.
Historically the immense benefits provided by the NHS have instilled a general abdication of our personal health control, leaving us to rely on the health service
to treat and cure as necessary.
As our NHS has become visibly over-stretched we begin to realise what the rest of the world has known for centuries - good health is based primarily upon nutritional
robustness. It may be stating the obvious but there is an excellent source of incremental revenue for the pharmacist who is willing to provide space to and advice
for nutritional supplements.
Dr Rod Hughes sets out how pharmacists can play a pivotal role in steering people with joint pain towards a prevention programme…
Joint health supplements are big business in the UK, with millions of pounds spent over the counter every year. People turn to these supplements for various reasons,
but most are seeking relief from the symptoms of arthritis, a group of painful long-term conditions thought to affect around 10 million people in this country.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, affecting around eight million people in the UK. The condition is generally age-related, with joint pain
and stiffness developing as the cartilage between the bones gradually wears away.
OA changes and the inflammation involved causes difficulty moving and considerable pain. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) tends to affect younger people and is caused by
the body's immune system attacking the joints. As a nation we tend to ignore our joints until they cause us problems, resulting in an increasing number of people
taking long-term analgesics to control the pain or needing surgery to repair knees and hips.
Treatment guidelines followed by doctors in the UK recommend that people with arthritis are advised to maintain a healthy weight and keep physically active, while
strengthening their muscles and protecting any damaged joints during daily activities.
Dental surgical treatment is a branch of medicine that falls under dentistry, focusing on the care of teeth, gums, and the oral cavity. Dentists are the professionals in this field, responsible for treating, preventing, diagnosing, and monitoring conditions, issues, and diseases affecting the oral cavity
The Department of Health (DoH) is inviting the public to share their views on a new Regional Obesity Management Service and a new Obesity Strategic Framework.
A public consultation has been launched on the Healthy Futures strategic framework, which aims to prevent the harm caused by obesity, and improve diets and levels
of physical activity of people.
The Department is also seeking views on its plans to introduce a new service that would focus on the introduction of specialist support, weight loss medication,
and bariatric surgery to help people living with obesity.
Northern Ireland is seeing an increase in obesity rates, with the latest Health Survey NI data showing that 65 per cent of adults and 26 per cent of children in
the country are either obese or overweight.
The UK is lagging behind comparable countries when it comes to cancer survival, Cancer Research UK (CRUK) has said, calling on all political parties to make
cancer a top priority in their party manifestos.
While cancer survival rates in the UK have doubled over the last 50 years, the charity warned that the hard-won progress is at risk of stalling, with NHS cancer
services in "crisis" and around half a million cancer cases a year projected by 2040.
The charity has published an ambitious cancer plan which, if adopted by the next UK government, could dramatically improve cancer outcomes and prevent 20,000
cancer deaths a year by 2040.
Called "Longer Better Lives: A Manifesto for Cancer Research and Care", the plan has been developed with the insights of cancer patients and experts from across
health, life sciences, government and academic sectors, it said.
The multiple is working in partnership with the UK's other retailers and the Home Office to tackle 'retail crime' at 10 Downing Street on 23 October.
The initiative is known as "Operation Pegasus", chaired by Crime and Policing Minister Chris Philp MP and led by Sussex Police & Crime Commissioner Katy Bourne.
Boots with other retailers including Tesco, Sainsbury's, John Lewis, and Waitrose plans to fund a "team of specialist police officers and intelligence analysts".7
Bourne, the national lead for business and retail crime claimed that the action plan will be a "game-changer" for policing as it is "the first national partnership
of its kind".
She told The Times: "It'll be a game-changer for policing because for the first time ever, policing will get a complete picture across the country of where these
gangs are hitting different areas and they'll have that data and intelligence to be able to put that out to local police forces to go after those gangs."