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Hiccups are an uncontrollable reflex of the human body. What exactly goes on within the body to generate this weird sound is highly debated. The fact that hiccups can be heard and seen from fetuses suggests that the central circuit involved in producing hiccups...

Hiccups are unwanted contractions of the diaphragm - the muscle that participates in breathing. Although evolutionary scientists have a few theories, the exact cause and purpose of hiccups is unknown. They remain a unique and age-old feature of the human physiology that continues to elude scientists to this day.

The skin is considered to be the most attractive of our body and the first layer of the immune system, the skin prevents not only the adolescent but also the external factors from entering the body. If you look at the lifestyle of today, people are so much affected by pollution and cosmetics that their skin is constantly damaged, due to which the skin has to face diseases such as Leukoderma. In this article, we will discuss the Leucoderma and Leucoderma treatment. And talk to you about how you can keep your skin well cared for.

Obesity and Weight Loss Surgery are very hot topics nowadays. Check your obesity through online BMI calculators or consult your doctor. Obesity is a medical term. It means too much body fat. If your BMI (body mass index) is 25 to 29.9, you're overweight but of it is 30 or more then you are obese

With a trusted army of loyal fans on social media, the Nordic liquid iron supplement, BlueIron, is set for a refreshed look and big ambitions under a new distribution agreement. Lanes Health, the family-owned business known for its passion and expertise in manufacturing and supplying natural and herbal remedies, has acquired the distribution rights for the Finnish brand. As part of the deal, Lanes Health has been working to refresh the packaging and website, as well as developing a robust marketing campaign involving advertising, digital, social media, PR and influencer relations. A liquid iron supplement formulated with Nordic blueberries, BlueIron provides iron which is highly bioavailable and fast working. With the added benefit of a patented micro-encapsulated form of iron, it is easily absorbed and gentle on the stomach. Iron is an essential mineral used by our bodies for many health benefits, it is important for making red blood cells, transporting oxygen around the body, supporting energy metabolism, maintaining cognitive function and reducing tiredness and fatigue.

HayMax, manufacturer of organic, drug-free allergen barrier balms for hay fever, dust, and pet allergies, has recently won the 2023 Global 100 awards. The HayMax balm, applied around nostril rims and eye bones, is an innovative allergen blocker against pollen, dust, and pet allergens entering the body. Independent university research confirms it traps over a third of pollen, along with dust mites and pet dander, before they enter the body, according to HayMax. The drug-free balm is Soil Association-certified organic, comprising 100 per cent natural ingredients. Safe for children, pregnant, and breastfeeding women, it holds the Vegetarian Society Approved trademark. This award has come as a complete surprise to us at HayMax," said HayMax MD, Max Wiseberg. "Being held in such high regard through this global recognition is truly delightful." "The Global 100 aims to offer readers insight into firms that excel in their chosen specialties, and the award underscores hard work and innovation of various companies," said its organisers.

The British Generic Manufacturers Association (BGMA) has sought a judicial review of the Department of Health and Social Care's (DHSC) decision to negotiate a new Voluntary Scheme for branded medicines with the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI). Mark Samuels, Chief Executive of BGMA said: "The Government has decided not to involve the trade body representing these medicine suppliers in its negotiations on the voluntary scheme for branded medicine pricing (VPAS). "We are deeply concerned by this decision. It has left us no choice but to take legal action." "While not all generic drugs fall within VPAS, four out of ten products in the current scheme are branded generics or biosimilars. As the representative trade body for both generic and biosimilar UK manufacturers, we must play a full part in the VPAS negotiations for the next period of the scheme from 2024 to 2028." "The VPAS tax has risen five-fold in under two years, an unprecedented tax increase. Yet our sector currently has no input into the negotiations on future schemes or rates; this is untenable as any decisions made on VPAS could significantly define the future of our sector in the UK and its ability to supply the NHS. The association had raised its full participation in the negotiations with the Government last November.

The pharmacy bodies have welcomed Health Select Committee's inquiry into pharmacy services and are calling the community pharmacies to engage fully. On Thursday (8 June), MPs launched a new inquiry to examine the 'readiness of pharmacy services'. At the end of the inquiry, the committee will be making recommendations to the government on what action needs to be taken to ensure the potential of pharmacy is realised. It is currently seeking views and evidence from anyone who can answer any or some of the questions listed here by Thursday 6 July. National Pharmacy Association (NPA), Company Chemists' Association (CCA) and Royal Pharmaceutical Society (RPS) have confirmed that they will be submitting the written evidence. RPS said it will be submitting written evidence, and if they are called to give oral evidence they'll do so. Malcolm Harrison, Chief Executive of the CCA commented: "We welcome the Health Committee's much-awaited inquiry into pharmacy. Whilst the recent announcement of investment into the sector is welcome, this is new money for new activity. The historic underfunding of community pharmacy remains, and Primary Care Networks (PCNs) continue to directly recruit community pharmacists.

If you are one of the unlucky few who require serious knee surgery, you will likely want to do everything possible to ensure a successful recovery. Knee surgeries can be difficult and frustrating, but with the right attitude and approach, you can make the process much easier on yourself. In this blog post, we will discuss six tips for recovering from serious knee surgery. Follow these tips and you will be on your way to a successful recovery! 1) FOLLOW YOUR DOCTOR'S ORDERS This may seem like an obvious tip, but it is important to follow your doctor's orders after knee surgery. Your doctor knows what is best for you and your recovery, so make sure to listen to their advice. Also, you can find useful information on the St Vincent's Private Hospitals website regarding your specific type of surgery. It is important to get well informed about your surgery so that you can be prepared for the recovery process. For example, if you are having a partial knee replacement, you will want to know what activities you should avoid during your recovery. Or, if you are having a full knee replacement, you will want to know what kind of rehabilitation exercises you should be doing. 2) GET PLENTY OF REST Your body needs time to heal after surgery, so make sure to get plenty of rest. This doesn't mean that you have to stay in bed all day, but you should avoid any strenuous activity. Take naps when you feel tired and give your body the time it needs to recover.

Pharmaceutical companies AbbVie and Eli Lilly have withdrawn from Britain's voluntary medicines pricing agreement, an industry body said on Monday. Companies are increasingly arguing that it is no longer possible to justify the UK's "voluntary scheme" to global boardrooms and investors as repayment rates in 2023 have surged to 26.5 per cent of revenue, the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI) said in a statement. "The current scheme has harmed innovation, with costs spiralling out of control, and the UK falling behind other major countries to be left as a global outlier," said Laura Steele, president and general manager for Eli Lilly's Northern Europe division. ABPI said it was seeking early talks with the government to set out a new future settlement. In December, the industry body had said the government raised the amount manufacturers of branded medicines within the voluntary scheme will be required to return to almost £3.3 billion in sales revenue from an earlier amount of £1.8 billion.

The Pharmacists' Defence Association (PDA) has urged its member - employed pharmacists and locum pharmacists to share their view on UK Commission on Pharmacy Professional Leadership report. The four government Chief Pharmacists have published their commission's proposal for how pharmacy leadership may develop in the UK. The association 'strongly' believes that just as it was the members of the profession that established their previous pharmacist professional leadership bodies, so it is for pharmacists to determine if they agree with these proposals and to decide what arrangements they want in future. "As an organisation that has exclusively in its membership the employed and locum pharmacists in the UK, the PDA wants to ensure that it can reflect the views of frontline pharmacists in any future discussions and decisions that could impact upon their careers. Pharmacists are encouraged to read the report, to consider its content and then ensure they respond to the forthcoming communication from the PDA." The commission report says that existing leadership bodies have "relatively low levels of membership" but does not provide details. It has also stated that it has received submissions to its consultation from many pharmacy organisations.

Supplements became hugely popular in the last decade to treat deficiencies and boost various body functions. People who work out use supplements to promote muscle growth and gain energy during exercise. If you are suffering from hormone or vitamin deficiency, you can get off-the-shelf supplements to get your daily intake of these vitamins. However, there have been cases where some people became too reliant on supplements and started taking more than the required dose. Although most of them are made from natural ingredients, it's not particularly safe to use any supplement before understanding what it is and if you actually need it. Here are a few things you need to know before taking supplements or pill products. SUPPLEMENTS DON'T REPLACE A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE Taking supplements every day doesn't mean you are leading a healthy lifestyle. Supplements support this lifestyle but they're not the basis of being healthy. If someone doesn't exercise, eats junk food all the time, and smokes heavily, taking supplements will not make them live or feel better. It all starts with leading a healthy lifestyle, and if you want to boost body function or treat a deficiency, then supplements will have the desired effect. EVERYONE IS DIFFERENT There is no magic solution that works for everyone on the planet. What worked for your friend may not necessarily work for you. Popping a pill or drinking a supplement shake won't improve your performance unless you are taking the right supplement for what you need to be targeted. For instance, vitamin B12 comes from meat, fish, and dairy foods, so vegans should look for a supplement that will provide them with this vitamin.

Whether you believe it or not, following a vegan diet can be quite eventful for your body. For instance, it can help you lose weight, get a better body structure, and so on. However, is that all? You can get that by following a thorough exercise plan as well, no? Well, yes, you can. Nevertheless, following a vegan diet plan can help you out in more than a single manner. Please keep reading this article till the end to know more about it. WHAT IS A VEGAN DIET? As a vegan, you can eat dairy food, including cheese and milk, without any boundaries. If you want to get a little bit of protein, you may consume eggs (boiled or in a gravy) too. Also, yes, plants are going to be an integral part of your diet plan too. However, you won't be able to eat meat anymore. So, no chicken, mutton, or beef for the rest of your life. Instead, you will need to focus solely on plant-based protein. BENEFITS OF FOLLOWING A VEGAN DIET A plant-based diet structure can be highly beneficial for your health. For example, it can - LOWER YOUR BLOOD PRESSURE. Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, can increase your risk of a heart attack. It's also known to be a close counterpart of type-2 diabetes too. Fortunately, though, the diet you follow can make quite a massive difference here. For example, following a vegan diet can help you reduce the amount of oily food you're taking on a daily basis. This, in turn, can decrease the amount of cholesterol in your blood and make it easier for you to lose weight. And, the less obese you are, the lower your blood pressure will be.

For many people who suffer from joint pain, the weather can be a big factor in their pain. While joint pain can be caused by many different things, such as arthritis, injuries, and age, the weather can aggravate and worsen the pain. Several studies have been conducted over the last several years; however, no concrete evidence supports one theory vs. another. That said, let's take a closer look at how weather affects joint pain and what you can do to minimize the discomfort. How Weather Affects Joint Pain It might seem like an old wives' tale, but there is actually some science behind how weather affects joint pain. Temperature Changes The temperature outside can majorly affect how much joint pain you experience. When temperatures drop, your body will get stiffer and more painful joints as the air around them gets colder. During hot days, the air humidity outside may cause swelling and increased inflammation in your joints which could lead to more pain. Pressure Changes Just like a barometer measures changes in atmospheric pressure, so does your body. Pressure changes due to shifts in the atmosphere can affect joint pain because pressure changes directly impact your joints' lubrication levels. When pressure drops and becomes low enough, it can cause extra friction between bones connected by tendons or muscles, resulting in more pain than usual.

Professional leadership bodies from around the world discussed workforce shortages in community pharmacy and other challenges affecting the sector at a global meeting held in Paris last month. Delegated from Denmark, Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, Portugal, Spain, US and the UK updated the conference on how the profession was progressing in practice, technology and workforce development in their respective countries. The UK was represented at World Pharmacy Council meeting by National Pharmacy Association chair Andrew Lane and chief executive at the Pharmaceutical Services Negotiating Committee Janet Morrison. Lane said: "It's very useful to be part of a global network of pharmacy bodies who are all going through similar challenges as we are in the UK. Sharing intelligence on other pharmacy systems around the world helps us to prepare the right strategy for engaging with the NHS at home. "Hearing some of the strides in services and digital technology in the profession gives us hope for the future of the sector. It's clear however that key challenges such as workforce shortages are starting to have an effect in other parts of the world too."

Scientists Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman from Hungary and the United States respectively won the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discoveries enabling the development of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, the award-giving body said on Monday. The prize, among the most prestigious in the scientific world, is selected by the Nobel Assembly of Sweden's Karolinska Institute medical university and also comes with 11 million Swedish crowns (about £823,500). "The 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19," the body said. Kariko was senior vice president and head of RNA protein replacement at BioNTech until 2022 and has since acted as an adviser to the company. She is also a professor at the University of Szeged in Hungary and adjunct professor at the University of Pennsylvania's Perelman School of Medicine. Weissman is professor in vaccine research at the Perelman School.

The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) has authorised a new drug today (1 November) to treat severe alopecia areata. Litfulo is the new hard capsule medicine with a recommended dosage of just 50 mg per day. It contains an active ingredient, ritlecitinib, an enzyme inhibitor treatment for patients over 12 years. Ritlecitinib works by reducing the activity of enzymes in the body called JAK3 and TEC kinases that cause hair follicle inflammation. This reduction in inflammation leads to hair regrowth in patients with alopecia areata. Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease, where the body's own immune system attacks hair follicles leading to hair loss on the scalp and other parts of the body.

Drug shortages have become a global issue, with many countries struggling to maintain a consistent supply of common medications, including antidepressants, immunosuppressants and drugs to treat type 2 diabetes and ADHD. Earlier last month, the British Generic Manufacturers Association (BGMA), the trade body for off-patent medicines, warned that 111 products were facing supply problems, the highest on record in the UK, and more than double the number recorded at the start of 2022. More than half of products affected (55) are branded generic drugs, which represent 10 per cent of prescription products used in the UK. The trade body blamed the escalating rebate rate of the government's voluntary scheme for branded medicine pricing and access (VPAS) for these shortages, but Brexit is also cited as another reason for the problem.

Royal Pharmaceutical Society in England and the Royal College of General Practitioners have published recommendations for the roll-out and success of the GP Community Pharmacist Consultation Service (GP CPCS). These recommendations follow a workshop with stakeholders from pharmacy, general practice and representative bodies, examining ways to maximise the potential of the service and meet growing demand on the health service. The workshop report made five recommendations: The NHS England and Improvement should provide additional investment in local system support and resources to drive the CPCS implementation and uptake between general practice and community pharmacy. National representative bodies should work with NHS E&I to develop national and local engagement and streamline communication plans for CPCS referral pathway. Focus on expanding the role of community pharmacists in the management of minor illness. Evaluation of CPCS service and its impacts on general practice workload, patient outcomes and health inequalities.

The Royal Pharmaceutical Society (RPS) has published a new professional guidance for prescribing practice on Monday (June 6) which it says will be "for the benefit of all independent prescribers across the UK". Based on collaboration with multi-professional stakeholders, the document is a guidance tool for prescribers wanting to expand their prescribing scope of practice. Commissioned by the Welsh government, the document was developed through an expert group with representatives from many healthcare professions, including from Higher Education institutions, professional bodies, regulatory bodies, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, NHS Education for Scotland, Health Education and Improvement Wales, and representatives from hospital, community and GP practice. RPS president Claire Anderson said: "It's fantastic to see the growth in prescribing, both across the profession and more widely, to improve patient care.

The summer sun can be tough on your skin, but following these amazing tips will help keep your skin healthy all season long! Drink plenty of water to stay hydrated, wear sunscreen religiously, and don't forget to exfoliate regularly to slough away dead skin cells. If you start to experience any skin problems, consult a dermatologist immediately. With these tips, you'll have gorgeous, healthy skin all summer long! 1. DRINK PLENTY OF WATER Staying hydrated is crucial for healthy skin, especially during the summer when the weather is hot and humid. Drink at least eight glasses of water per day to keep your skin looking its best. We spoke with For Care Education and Research and they said that water is the primary nutrient that helps all organs in the body function. Drinking enough water each day is essential to maintaining healthy skin. Additionally, be sure to avoid dehydration by drinking sports drinks or juices when participating in outdoor activities. It's important to replace the fluids and electrolytes your body is losing when you sweat. 2. WEAR SUNSCREEN You should be wearing sunscreen every day, regardless of the season, but it's especially important during the summer. The sun's rays are strongest then and can do serious damage to your skin if you're not careful. Look for a sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 that provides broad-spectrum protection from both UVA and UVB rays. Apply it generously to all exposed areas of skin, including your face, neck, chest, and hands. Reapply every two hours or more often if you're sweating or swimming. This will help protect your skin from premature aging, sunburns, and other harmful effects of the sun.