Group items matching "system" in title, tags, annotations or url - Green and Sustainable

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Embedding Evidence on Conservation Interventions Within a Context of Multilevel Governa... - 0 views

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The lack of availability of larger-scale evidence can thus lead to an unfortunate mismatch in knowledge of the relative effects of local-scale interventions versus regional-scale ecological processes, and thus also to incomplete knowledge about where local conservation interventions would be most effective.
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Integrating specific intervention-guided conservation with a deeper understanding of moderating regional ecological contexts requires combining intervention-driven conservation thinking with “holistic” conservation thinking. As an example, incentives intended to benefit farmland biodiversity may increase one resource, such as food availability, but fail to provide other key resources such as nesting sites or overwintering habitats (Kleijn et al. 2011).
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Embedding specific conservation interventions within the context of multiscale ecological principles could help alleviate the problem that a focus on local conservation interventions is unable to deal with multiscale phenomena. However, it does not yet address another main criticism raised in the past, namely that existing work on evidence-based practice in general has been overly technocratic in its conception of real-world policy implementation and governance (Greenhalgh & Russell 2009, but see Pullin et al. 2009). In this context, drawing on insights from multilevel governance research could help to understand key challenges of implementing evidence-based interventions in practice. Such insights can be applied to both specific interventions, as well as to a more general, multiscale approach to conservation that is based on guiding ecological principles.
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An effective response to the wide variety in governance and ecological systems therefore calls for the creation of new decision-making forums that engage diverse constellations of actors and knowledge across spatial and temporal scales, in ways relevant to specific decisions (Paavola et al. 2009). This in turn raises issues of democratic legitimacy and accountability, because for citizens it may become difficult to assume democratic responsibilities when being part of overlapping sites of decision-making (Peters & Pierre 2005).
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The second step will be to ensure that scientists, policy makers, and practitioners participate in the cocreation of policy-relevant science, going beyond identifying stakeholder-relevant questions for systematic reviews. From the outset, scientists and decision-makers should jointly consider how administrative and ecological scales fit in order to balance democratic legitimacy and ecological efficacy.
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By being clear as to the types and scales of knowledge needed, and the limitations of existing knowledge to inform policy, decision-makers will also play a role in highlighting knowledge gaps. We thus frame decision-makers as actively participating stakeholders in shaping what evidence base is needed for conservation, rather than framing conservation policy as something that must respond to the agenda of scientists who produce evidence. As a consequence, there is a strong need to develop practical solutions, based on a joint effort by researchers, decision-makers and land-use planners, on how to integrate evidence-based practices and general ecological principles within a multilevel governance framework. Through embedding locally implemented conservation interventions within a broader context, we are confident they would gain both in legitimacy and effectiveness.
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