Maeda set the stage by telling us of how intelligence in the military traditionally flows. Soldiers observe something (e.g., men in keffiyeh with Kalashnikovs coming from and going to a mud-walled compound) and write up a report, which is passed up the chain of command to someone with the authority to decide whether or not to initiate an activity (e.g., call in an airstrike). The information moves upward in the organization, and the soldier who made the observation may never know how it was used.