This Living Review presents an overview of the research on European identity in the context
of EU governance by focussing on central debates in the political science literature. It departs
from the problems of disagreement between European citizens and their elites as well as the
lack of a European demos. Against this background, the article discusses the functions of
collective identity including the legitimation function and solution of collective dilemmas. Here,
two perspectives pertaining to these functions are depicted: first, the issue of European public
space and second, the integrative workings of European citizenship. Next, the article explores
the conceptual and methodological problems of the research on European collective identity. In
particular, it focuses on the conceptual ambiguity of the collective identity term and problems
of operationalization and measurement. Following this, the article discusses the literature on
identity technologies of the EU and identifies the shortcomings of identity technologies with
regard to EU governance.
Keywords:European identity, governance, legitimacy, democracy, public opinion, European public space
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