"@webfoundation Web Foundation
UN report: "ensuring universal access to the Internet should be a priority for all states" http://tinyurl.com/UN-Net-Right
7 Jun [2011] via web"
From the linked "Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression, Frank La Rue" (dated May 16, 2011):
"...D. Disconnecting users from Internet access, including on the basis of violations of intellectual property rights law
49. While blocking and filtering measures deny access to certain content on the Internet, States have also taken measures to cut off access to the Internet entirely. The Special Rapporteur is deeply concerned by discussions regarding a centralized "on/off" control over Internet traffic.33 In addition, he is alarmed by proposals to disconnect users from Internet access if they violate intellectual property rights. This also includes legislation based on the concept of "graduated response", which imposes a series of penalties on copyright infringers that could lead to suspension of Internet service, such as the so-called "three- strikes-law" in France34 and the Digital Economy Act 2010 of the United Kingdom.35
50. Beyond the national level, the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) has been proposed as a multilateral agreement to establish international standards on intellectual property rights enforcement. While the provisions to disconnect individuals from Internet access for violating the treaty have been removed from the final text of December 2010, the Special Rapporteur remains watchful about the treaty's eventual implications for intermediary liability and the right to freedom of expression....."
Reference: MEMO/11/333 Date: 24/05/2011
"What does the proposal for a Directive on orphan works say?
The Commission's proposal, which takes the form of an EU Directive, rests on three pillars. First, the proposal contains rules on how to identify orphan works. It provides that the user has to conduct a diligent search to find the copyright holder. In this search, the user should rely on sources such as databases and registries. One such tool that exists in the book publishing sector is ARROW, the Accessible Registry of Rights Information and Orphan Works. It is hoped that other sectors will also develop similar central rights information databases. Doing so would greatly simplify and streamline the conduct of a reliable diligent search.
Secondly, the proposal establishes that if the diligent search does not yield the identity or location of the copyright holder, the work shall be recognised as an orphan work. This status shall then, by virtue of mutual recognition, be valid across the European Union. This implies that once a work is recognised as an orphan work, it shall be recognised as such across the European Union. The proposal also foresees that there will be a generally accessible record of all recognised orphan works.
Thirdly, the proposal establishes the uses that can be made of the orphan works and the conditions for such uses depending on their nature. Thus, the current proposal should make a major contribution to the development of various European digital library initiatives and their accessibility for everyone throughout the European Union. Clear rules on what works can be posted online as orphan works will also provide the beneficiaries of the Directive - not only libraries, museums and archives but also film heritage institutions and public service broadcasters - with a sound legal framework that safeguards them against claims of copyright infringement. In this respect, a degree of legal certainty can be achieved that will exceed the one th
By David Nagel
05/26/11
"...The United States Department of Education's Office of Civil Rights Thursday issued a "dear colleague letter" to public K-12 institutions (as well as a separate letter to higher education institutions) and a set of answers to frequently asked questions that expands on a letter sent out exclusively to college and university presidents last June (DCL).
In the FAQ, OCR makes explicit some legal obligations of all education institutions, including K-12 institutions, to "ensure equal access to the educational benefits and opportunities afforded by the technology and equal treatment in the use of the technology for all students, including students with disabilities." At the same time, the FAQ said the intent is not to stifle the use of new and emerging technologies, but to "remind everyone that equal access for students with disabilities is the law and must be considered as new technology is integrated into the educational environment. ..."
"Collection:
C. Szwedzicki: The North American Indian Works
Work Record ID:
219
Reproduction Record ID:
219
Work Class:
depictions
Work Type:
print
Title:
Retreat of Reno's Commnand
Title Type:
constructed title
Title:
Sioux Indian painting
Title Type:
collective title
Measurements:
11.40 x 19.05 in (28.96 x 48.39 cm) on sheet 15.30 x 19.50 in (38.86 x 49.53 cm)
Measurement Type:
dimensions
Material:
paper (fiber product)
Material Type:
support
Inscription:
Image Top Center: Custer Battle Field / June 25 and 26 1876 / Crazy Horse
Inscription:
Above Image Right: 8 [Plate Number]
Creator:
Bad Heart Bull, Amos, 1869-1913
Creator Dates:
1869-1913
Creator Nationality:
Oglala Lakota
Creator Name Variant:
Bad Heart Buffalo (Tatanka Cante Sice)
Creator Type:
personal name
Creator Role:
painter
Date:
1938
Location:
Little Bighorn Battlefield (Mont.)
Repository:
Archives and Rare Books Library, University Libraries, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
Repository Type:
current repository
ID Number:
8
ID Number Type:
plate number
ID Number:
ARB RB Oversize E98.A7 S568 1938 Vol. 2
ID Number Type:
call number
Style Period:
Plains Indian
Style Period:
Indian art--North America
Culture:
Native American
Culture:
Oglala Lakota
Subject:
Belts (Clothing)
Subject:
Breechcloths
Subject:
Face painting
Subject:
Feathers
Subject:
Fringe
Subject:
Leggings
Subject:
Moccasins
Subject:
Beadwork
Subject:
Body painting
Subject:
Shirts, Men's
Subject:
Breastplates
Subject:
Hair pipes
Subject:
Bridles
Subject:
Horseback riding
Subject:
Horses
Subject:
Chokers
Subject:
Arrows
Subject:
Metalwork
Subject:
Picture-writing
Subject:
Saddle blankets
Subject:
Indian warfare
Subject:
Rifles
Subject:
Military uniforms
Subject:
Sabers
Subject:
Bow lances
Subject:
Crazy Horse (Tashunca-Uitco), ca. 1842-1877
Subject:
Fixed-stone-head clubs
Subject:
Hats
Subject:
Saddles
Subject:
Saddlebags
Subject:
War shirts
Subject:
Reno, Marcus A. (Marcus Albert), 1835-1889
Subject:
Indians of North America--Wars
Subj
Submitted by thiru on 23. June 2011 - 3:07
"Back in 2009, Brazil decided to table in this Committee a draft treaty on exceptions and limitations on copyrights for the print disabled guided by two assumptions:
(1) The international treaty we are seeking to conclude must be a useful instrument for persons with print disabilities. This is why we tabled a text originally elaborated by the World Blind Union, by people who know best the reality on the ground;
(2) The international copyright regime is a mature system, with more than 120 years of implementation experience in many countries. It is feasible to craft precise and effective E&L norms without depriving the rights of authors to reap the benefits of their creativity. We all recognize those rights and are fully committed to defend them. Let there be no doubt about it.
Those two assumptions remain the guiding principles underlying Brazil's position.
We are committed to helping bring this negotiating process to a successful outcome. For Brazil, a successful outcome is an international instrument which will be an useful and effective one. An effective instrument which makes clear the firm commitment "on the ground" of all Member States to mitigating the book famine of more than 150 million people world-wide. At the end of the process there must be a treaty. Why shouldn't we aim for a treaty?
This question should be answered against the broader background of all the themes under discussion in this Committee."