Quote from Robert Gibson in a listserv: "If you do a quick google search for how to cheat online proctoring you will find a ton of sophisticated ways to cheat any proctoring system. These methods aren't hard to execute. No matter what draconic rules proctoring softwares require, students determined to cheat WILL find a way around them. In my view, online proctoring does not prevent cheating. It only increases test anxiety in honest students. The best way to curb cheating on exams is to 1) design better assessments (not exams), 2) create open-ended questions that are hard to cheat (because they are complex), or 3) create exams that are so difficult that collaboration is required."
Additionally, Robert mentioned that, in a recent webinar, Paul Leblanc said (roughly, not verbatim) that cheating occurs because we don't measure learning, we measure grading.
This explains really well why it's important to have courses be accessible from the get go according to federal law. I like the wording it uses to distinguish between accessibility and accommodation.