"The researchers calculated how much of the variation in MCAS scores was due to the school that students attended. For MCAS scores in English, schools accounted for 24 percent of the variation, and they accounted for 34 percent of the math MCAS variation. However, the schools accounted for very little of the variation in fluid cognitive skills - less than 3 percent for all three skills combined."
We've mostly studied video games that teach content, but there are many games out there that are developed by neuroscientists (like Lumosity) and designed to increase brain performance. Here's an article about the efficacy of brain games.
Claymation video of synaptic plasticity. In simpler terms, synaptic plasticity is the rearranging of neurons that can signal onto one another in order to increase brain function and to help create successful long term potentiation of signals (memory!)