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The term "ICSI" used for in vitro fertilization with micro-injection confirms that the biologist will choose a spermatozoon and inject it into the cytoplasm of the oocyte in a well-determined place to induce the fertilization process. There are 2 variants of ICSI treatment procedure which are used by a number of laboratories: The IMSI (or MSOME) which consists in identifying the morphological anomalies of a very high magnified sperm before micro-injecting it into the oocyte. PICSI which consists in selecting sperm from their capacity to fix on macromolecules whose model is represented by hyaluronic acid (HA). This technique, which was described in the early 2000s, has not yet found systematic application today infertility centers.

IVF with ICSI is not a very old method. It is now considered a major solution to infertility in men. The main indication for ICSI over IVF is the failure of previous conventional in vitro fertilization due to the absence of a spontaneous union between the sperm and the ovum during their contact. In the majority of cases, this anomaly is secondary to a poor quality of the sperm, especially in their mobility.