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The EBRD, an international lending institution which has focused on emerging European economies, announced last week that shareholder governments had backed the expansion of its mandate to North Africa. The bank is one of the tools the international community will use to supply aid to Arab governments and encourage them to pursue democratic reforms in the wake of this year's Arab Spring political unrest.

Nicola Pratt

Egypt's Revolution has cost the country, up to September, US$9.79 billion, according to a report issued by consultancy group Geopolicity. Titled "The cost of the Arab spring & Roadmap for G20/UN support", the report shows results of a costing exercise undertaken by Geopolicity, based on data from the International Monetary Fund (IMF). It accounts for the impact of productivity losses on GDP and public finance, but excludes losses to human life, infrastructure damage and business and foreign direct investment losses. The near 10 billion dollars shed by Egypt are divided among the $4.27 billion cost to GDP and $5.52 billion in lost public finances.

Eurodad partners and have released a new report on Tunisia, Egypt and Bahrain's debts to Norway During the winter of 2011 the world witnessed a political earthquake in North Africa and in the Middle East. The Arab spring raised several questions around debt cancellation and especially on debt legitimacy.

"must register and consolidate their victories in the institutions of that state"

BIC's MENA program has prepared a list of the projects that the World Bank is currently funding or preparing to fund in Egypt. The list provides a brief description of each project, in addition to an explanatory diagram that summarizes the World Bank's project cycles. An arabic version of the list will be published soon.

"the Bank tends to threaten rather than improve food security " Breaking Up? A Route Out of the Eurozone Crisis 13 January In late June, the Egyptian Ministry of Finance turned down a $3 billion loan package from the IMF, citing the rejection as a response to "public debate".

Cairo, Egypt [RenewableEnergyAccess.com] Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) will loan 10,665 million yen [USD $90,000] to the Arab Republic of Egypt for materials, equipment and consulting necessary for the construction of a 150 MW integrated solar combined cycle power plant in the Kuraymat district, which is about 100 km south of Cairo.

1. On March 30, 2010, JICA (President: Sadako Ogata) signed an agreement with the government of the Arab Republic of Egypt for a Japanese ODA loan up to 38.864 billion yen for the Gulf of El Zayt Wind Power Plant Project. 2.