Cyberspace Sociology

globalization

economic growth

access to education

tax policies

partial, explanation for the decline of the middle class

increasing number of well-paying jobs requiring sophisticated technology skills

much of the workforce is feeling squeezed.

long-term trends that began decades ago,

most harshly affected people in their 20s

wonderful

devastating

those not in a position to reap the financial benefits

Many economists see little convincing evidence that advances in technology will be responsible for a net decrease in the number of jobs, or that what we’re undergoing is any different from earlier transitions when technology destroyed some jobs but improved employment opportunities over time

inherently different

technological breakthroughs

driverless cars

3-D printing

guaranteed basic income

Milton Friedman

Friedrich Hayek

libertarian

progressive

enormous financial burden on society

how even today’s automation is affecting employment

impact of industrial robots on manufacturing

increase the productivity of the factories

no evidence that the robots reduced total employment

impossible to accurately predict the effects of future advances

wild speculation

great potential for nanotech in areas such as clean energy

ignores the rules of chemistry and physics

not only summarize the content but extract a “narrative” from it

readable

likely to improve

cofounder of the company

access to massive amounts of data

not breakthroughs in AI

temper our expectations

the trajectory of technological progress is not inevitable

choices

governments

consumers

businesses

which technologies get researched and commercialized and how they are used.

back burner of mainstream economics.

Piketty’s

innovation in a form that increases the employability of workers.”

research to fund

technologies to use

influencing jobs and income distribution

we will be aware of what is happening

productivity

output given a certain amount of labor and capital

Starbucks

Consumers often prefer people and the services humans provide.

Apple stores

compelling alternative to a future of robo-retail

choice in how we use technology

army of tech-savvy sales employees toting digital gadgets

car service Uber

role in increasing inequality

effects are not inevitable

government

business

consumer

Krugman

social constructs

earlier technology transitions

suffering and upheaval

Stiglitz

Great Depression

mechanization

manufacturing boom

painful transition

service-based

Those who are inventing the technologies

a new problem to innovate around

keep people engaged

choose to embrace

public transportation systems

more safe,

convenient

energy efficient

fill the highways

education

infrastructure

biotechnology

energy

innovative service-intensive businesses

rebuilding our infrastructure and education systems.

“labor-light” economy

genius of capitalism

benefited from them disproportionately

Licklider

on line interactive communities

privilege or right

intelligence amplification

discontinuity in the spectrum of intellectual opportunity.”

give more people access

benefit from the wealth new technology creates

more people need to “own the robots.”

owns the capital

robots and AI inevitably replace many jobs

boost their productivity

increase both their earnings and their leisure

increasingly wealthy society

restore the middle-class dream

driven technological ambition and economic growth.

assembling more complex user profiles by trading information between data brokers.

We need more data so we can make our targeted ads appear to be more effective.

advertising will be more invasive, ubiquitous, and targeted

consequence of choosing advertising as the default model to support online content and services

heated debates amongst the technologically savvy,

trained to expect surveillance

ignored most of the recommendations

trust in the American governmen

how the Internet works

intentions were good.

opportunity to express themselves

Charging users for the service would have blocked most of our potential customers

free and ad supported

could not host elsewhere

surprise

United States, Canada, the U.K., and Malaysia

major vehicle for expression for Malaysia’s opposition political group,

adoption of Tripod by Malaysian activists

unintended, positive consequence

couldn’t find a way to make money from advertising to Malaysian users

morally, if not fiscally

free riders

try before they buy

hard parts of the sales cycle

scale to hundreds of millions of users

powerful network effects:

even if you don’t like the terms of service

In theory, an ad-supported system is more protective of privacy than a transactional one

link between online and real-world identity,

reassure advertisers

normalized the web

quickly

small portion of the auto industry’s vast ad budget

grows quickly

open to those who can’t or won’t pay.

escalating surveillance

Clickbait

Upworthy

how much attention readers are paying to content

advertising metrics

greater social and informational value

traffic whoring

shielding their reporters

Advertisers are desperate

dangers for online speech

ban speech

as powerful as decisions made by governments

personalization of content

friends

algorithms

shaped

echo chambers

filter bubbles,

ideological isolation

rival camps

we could build a debate

personalized propaganda

propose solutions

review and delete data

time limit

regulator with teeth

profitable

permanent, searchable archive

If you’re not paying for

attempts to protect himself

held hostage

deep, structural changes to the web

web’s architecture and business model

inevitable

inexorably

Web We Want,

centralized

ad supported

surveilled

voices from around the globe

make money

educational email tools,

ability to turn off ads

less intrusive

culture has developed

rewarding both the individual and the community

premium model.

feel they have to

consequences, not all intended

inexorably

smaller userbases

more competition

less centralization

more competitive innovation

rethink online payment

India and sub-Saharan Africa

M-Pesa

Xanadu

micropayment system with low transaction costs

cryptocurrencies

extremely low transaction costs. (In theory

we might see an Internet supported on micropayments of a fraction of a cent to compensate the operators of services or creators of content

new businesses

no single “right answer”

share knowledge, opinions, ideas, and photos of cute cats

micropayments

membership

crowdfunding

our current model is bad, broken, and corrosive

time to start paying for privacy

sell us—the users and our attention—as the product

 a lecture by Maciej Cegłowski

nationwide

total freedom

Instead of freeing you, the car becomes a cage.

didn't intend for this to happen

price of progress.

we're starting to see the shape of the online world to come

permanent record

human experience of memory, which is fuzzy

perfect fidelity

salient events.

storage grows ever cheaper

as if we forced people to use only integers because computers have difficulty representing real numbers.

Online, everything is recorded by default

Facebook is about as much fun as a zoning board hearing.

expectation

Google imagines a world where every flat surface behaves by the online rules

wake up, grandpa, this is the new normal

calling it progress

Now we believe in "Big Data"

programmer's delusion

if you look deep enough, there's a hidden deterministic pattern

You could publish it in an academic journal! Perhaps that process could be automated.

'Big data' has this intoxicating effect

dynamic of relentless surveillance.

big mess of hypertext, all linked together

decentralized

chaotic

resilient

the one true ad network

dominant analytics suite.

complete control of their ecosystem.

pretends to be more open

end-to-end control

Microsoft

And then there's the cloud.

big collection of buildings and computers

single cloud of failure

easy to spy

legitimately frightening to have the government spying on all its citizens

mass surveillance.

immunity against lawsuits.

intelligence agencies and Silicon Valley

not a lot of daylight

almost perverse faith in the rule of law

As "non-US-persons", you fall completely outside the protection of our privacy laws

Too bad your data is on our servers!

The only way to keep user information safe is not to store it.

fits a pattern

log in with Facebook' button

How about SixDegrees.com, did anybody here use that? That was the first big social network, back in 1999.

where's all that data

'anonymized' data

Google Buzz

real name,

serious pressure

the focus on government spying prevents us from thinking harder about the real pitfalls of a permanent record.

German audience

reunification

innocent people

dump of informational toxic waste

dissidents

informers

journalists

politically active

hot potato

None of these distinctions matter

whether people should be pilloried for mistakes they made forty years ago

Everyone agrees

political kryptonite

bureaucratic limbo

radioactive waste

easy to generate

almost impossible to dispose of

incredibly toxic

easy to store in the short term

timescales

Mountain View

our industry

advertisers

The Internet was Christmas for advertisers

almost any criterion

click-through rate

One of the first banner ads

poison ivy.

little text ads in context,

the promise of advertising, is the economic foundation of the world wide web.

own ad network

Matt Cutts

descend from the clouds and speak with a human voice.

HATE advertising

pretend to be related links

different plague of ads

develop immunity.

Most startups run on investor storytime.

persuasion

Quora

Wikipedia, a free site that not only doesn't make revenue, but loses so much money they have to ask for donations just to be broke.

postpone having to think about revenue.

investor storytime is a cancer on our industry

advertising more invasive and ubiquitous

Investor storytime only works if you can argue that advertising in the future is going to be effective and lucrative in ways it just isn't today.

motor destroying our online privacy

We're addicted to 'big data' not because it's effective now, but because we need it to tell better stories

how to block these ads

what all this surveillance is buying us

already own.

the one ad that was well targeted;

mathematically certain to be wasting my time.

Platonic ideal of targeted advertising

someone is going to click.

crappiness of targeted ads is a feature

room for improvement

If the algorithms don't work, that's a sign we need more data

If the algorithms do work, then imagine how much better they'll work with more data

only one outcome allowed

should be illegal

behavioral data

In the United States

regulate the Internet

net itself was born of a fairly good regulatory framework

de facto net neutrality

basic research

usiness use

growth of the commercial web

kind of behavioral data

do neat things with our data on the fly

half-life of a typical Internet business

third parties

bankruptcy

acquisition

non-transferable without their consent

not evenly enforced

right to download

You collect data about me? I get to see it.

Enforce the right to delete

modulo some reasonable allowance for backups.

change at any time

persuade me to sign up

jurisdiction

Decentralize Camp

Folklore

how much better it is to have four major browser vendors

if you wanted to hang out with your friends

Surveillance as a business model is the only thing that makes a site like Facebook possible.

As a naturalized US citizen

something based here in Europe.

privacy rights of the average German citizen

seismic hazard

even if you don't agree with my politics

agree with my geology

Let's not build a vast, distributed global network only to put everything in one place!

new technology with wonder

smartphones, image recognition, wearable computers

hanging the lives

disabled people

restored his autonomy

creative with technology

We can't have cool things, because they're too potentially invasive.