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£7 an hour, receives an extra £1 an hour for a night shift and £2 an hour for weekends.

"The NHS encourages you to have these NVQs, all this training, improve your knowledge, and then they [private care companies] come along and it all comes to nothing.

Care UK expects to make a profit "of under 6%" by the end of the three-year contract

£700,000 operating profit in the six months between September last year and March this year,

In 1993 the private sector provided 5% of the state-funded services given to people in their homes, known as domiciliary care. By 2012 this had risen to 89% – largely driven by the local authorities' need for cheaper ways to deliver services and the private sector's assurance that they could provide the answer. More than £2.7bn is spent by the state on this type of care every year. Private providers have targeted wages as a way to slice out profits, de-skilling the sector in the process.

1.4 million care workers in England are unregulated by any professional body and less than 50% have completed a basic NVQ2 level qualification, with 30% apparently not even completing basic induction trainin

Today 8% of care homes are supplied by private equity-owned firms – and the number is growing. The same is true of 10% of services run for those with learning disabilities

William Laing

report on private equity in July 2012

"It makes pots of money.

Those profits – which are made before debt payments and overheads – don't appear on the bottom line of the health firms' company accounts, and because of that corporation tax isn't paid on them.

Some of that was in payments on loans issued in Guernsey, meaning tax could not be charged. Its sister company, Silver Sea, responsible for funding the construction of Care UK care homes, is domiciled in the tax haven of Luxembourg

Bridgepoint

.voterDiv .ob_bctrl{display:none;} .ob_pdesc IMG{border:none;} .AR_1 .ob_what{direction:ltr;text-align:right;clear:both;padding:5px 10px 0px;} .AR_1 .ob_what a{color:#999;font-size:10px;font-family:arial;text-decoration: none;} .AR_1 .ob_what.ob-hover:hover a{text-decoration: underline;} .AR_1 .ob_clear{clear:both;} .AR_1 .ob_amelia, .AR_1 .ob_logo, .AR_1 .ob_text_logo {display:inline-block;vertical-align:text-bottom;padding:0px 5px;box-sizing:content-box;-moz-box-sizing:content-box;-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;} .AR_1 .ob_amelia{background:url('http://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_logo_16x16.png') no-repeat center top;width:16px;height:16px;margin-bottom:-2px;} .AR_1 .ob_logo{background:url('http://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_logo_67x12.png') no-repeat center top;width:67px;height:12px;} .AR_1 .ob_text_logo{background:url('http://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_text_logo_66x23.png') no-repeat center top;width:66px;height:23px;} .AR_1:hover .ob_amelia, .AR_1:hover .ob_logo, .AR_1:hover .ob_text_logo{background-position:center bottom;} .AR_1 .ob_org_header { border-top: 10px solid #D61D00; display: block; font-family: georgia,serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-top: 5px; } More from the guardian Rogeting: why 'sinister buttocks' are creeping into students' essays 08 Aug 2014 Theatre's decision to ban Jewish film festival is 'thin end of wedge' 09 Aug 2014 Sir Paul Nurse: 'I looked at my birth certificate. That was not my mother's name' 09 Aug 2014 Adventures in contraception: eight women discuss their choices 10 Aug 2014 Child prison deaths 08 Aug 2014 [?] .voterDiv .ob_bctrl{display:none;} .ob_pdesc IMG{border:none;} .AR_2 .ob_what{direction:ltr;text-align:right;clear:both;padding:5px 10px 0px;} .AR_2 .ob_what a{color:#999;font-size:10px;font-family:arial;text-decoration: none;} .AR_2 .ob_what.ob-hover:hover a{text-decoration: underline;} .AR_2 .ob_clear{clear:both;} .AR_2 .ob_amelia, .AR_2 .ob_logo, .AR_2 .ob_text_logo {display:inline-block;vertical-align:text-bottom;padding:0px 5px;box-sizing:content-box;-moz-box-sizing:content-box;-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;} .AR_2 .ob_amelia{background:url('http://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_logo_16x16.png') no-repeat center top;width:16px;height:16px;margin-bottom:-2px;} .AR_2 .ob_logo{background:url('http://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_logo_67x12.png') no-repeat center top;width:67px;height:12px;} .AR_2 .ob_text_logo{background:url('http://widgets.outbrain.com/images/widgetIcons/ob_text_logo_66x23.png') no-repeat center top;width:66px;height:23px;} .AR_2:hover .ob_amelia, .AR_2:hover .ob_logo, .AR_2:hover .ob_text_logo{background-position:center bottom;} .AR_2 .ob_org_header { border-top: 10px solid #D61D00; display: block; font-family: georgia,serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-top: 5px; } /* updated via mysql on 2014-04-08 */ .AR_2 .ob_what { display: block; } /* added via mysql on 2014-06-20 */ .OUTBRAIN:hover .ob_what a { text-decoration: underline; } .ob_box_cont.AR_2 { padding-bottom: 5px; } /* end mysql add */ /* added via mysql on 2014-07-14 */ .AR_2 .ob_org_header span { color: #999; font-family: arial; font-size: 11px; font-weight: normal; display: block; } /* end 2014-07-14 */ More from around the webPromoted content by Outbrain http://paid.outbrain.com/network/redir?p=0iZOm4XuGW6R5uuT6ZFciNevzJlIfmxs0SRwpiMrH7gWrMXoPie4vIA9PlhaEW%2BXNi57pCgl9j8yOE3HuJT75pwCLNj4n18v3EKQDEV0YFQjOBxc46mOs

These services, which are delivered by private companies or non-profit organizations but funded primarily by government requisitions on a per client basis, have been targeted by pay equity programs over the past three years because wage rates are barely above minimum wage.

The coalition is made up of 650 individuals and 83 organizations that educates and advocates for the adoption and the implementation of adequate legislation in order to achieve pay equity - equal pay for work of equal value - for all workers in both the public and private sectors.

35 buyouts of hospitals or chains of facilities in the last two and a half years by private equity firms

Among the secrets to HCA’s success: It figured out how to get more revenue from private insurance companies, patients and Medicare by billing much more aggressively for its services than ever before; it found ways to reduce emergency room overcrowding and expenses; and it experimented with new ways to reduce the cost of its medical staff

HCA decided not to treat patients who came in with nonurgent conditions, like a cold or the flu or even a sprained wrist, unless those patients paid in advance.

In one measure of adequate staffing — the prevalence of bedsores in patients bedridden for long periods of time — HCA clearly struggled. Some of its hospitals fended off lawsuits over the problem in recent years, and were admonished by regulators over staffing issues more than once.

inadequate staffing in important areas like critical care

Many doctors interviewed at various HCA facilities said they had felt increased pressure to focus on profits under the private equity ownership. “Their profits are going through the roof, but, unfortunately, it’s occurring at the expense of patients,” said Dr. Abraham Awwad, a kidney specialist in St. Petersburg, Fla., whose complaints over the safety of the dialysis programs at two HCA-owned hospitals prompted state investigations.

One facility was fined $8,000 in 2008 and $14,000 last year for delaying the start of dialysis in patients, not administering physician-prescribed drugs and not documenting whether ordered tests had been performed.

Claiming he provided poor care, the other hospital did not renew Dr. Awwad’s privileges. Dr. Awwad is suing to have them reinstated.

“If you were a for-profit hospital with investors and shareholders,” said Paul Levy, a former nonprofit hospital executive in Boston unaffiliated with HCA, “there would be a natural tendency to be more aggressive and to seek more revenues.” Executives at profit-making hospitals are “judged in greater measure by profitability” than the administrators of nonprofit hospitals, he said.

some of HCA’s tactics are now under scrutiny by the Justice Department. Last week, HCA disclosed that the United States attorney’s office in Miami has requested information about cardiac procedures at 10 of its hospitals in Florida and elsewhere.

HCA’s cardiac business is extremely lucrative, and the Justice Department has requested reviews that HCA conducted that indicate some of the heart procedures at some of its hospitals might not have been necessary and resulted in unjustified reimbursements from Medicare and other insurers.

Small and nonprofit hospitals are closing or being gobbled up by medical conglomerates, many of which operate for a profit and therefore try to increase revenue and reduce costs even as they improve patient care. The trend toward consolidation is likely to accelerate under the Obama administration’s health care law as hospitals grapple with what are expected to be lower reimbursements from the federal and state governments and private insurers.

Columbia/HCA became the target of a widespread fraud investigation in the late 1990s, which led to one of the largest Medicare settlements ever.

HCA wanted to attract more patients to its emergency rooms, and it did. Annual visits climbed 20 percent from 2007 to 2011. But while emergency departments are often a critical source of patient admissions, they are frequently money-losers because many patients do not have insurance. HCA found a solution: it figured out how to be paid more for the patients it was seeing.

Nearly overnight, HCA’s patients appeared to be much, much sicker.

No one has accused HCA of up-coding, or billing for more expensive services that were not needed — one of the complaints made against it a decade ago.

The acting head of Medicare is Marilyn B. Tavenner, a former HCA executive who left there in 2005 to become the secretary of Health and Human Resources in Virginia.

Several former emergency department doctors at Lawnwood Regional Medical Center in Fort Pierce, Fla., said they frequently had felt compelled to override the screening system in order to treat patients.

When the doctors failed to meet the hospital’s goals for how many patients should be considered emergencies, “they really started putting pressure on.”

Regulators in several states have taken HCA hospitals to task over screening out patients too aggressively, including situations where the screening missed serious conditions.

“Staffing is critical,” said Courtney H. Lyder, the dean at the UCLA School of Nursing and an expert on wound care. “When you see high levels of wounds, you usually see a high level of dysfunctional staff,” he said.

HCA owned eight of the 15 worst hospitals for bedsores among 545 profit-making hospitals nationwide, each with more than 1,000 patient discharges, tracked by the Sunlight Foundation using Medicare data from October 2008 to June 2010.

an examination of lawsuits shows bedsore problems have been persistent at several HCA facilities

The hospital was cited twice by Florida regulators, in 2008 and 2010, for having inadequate numbers of nurses on its staff to oversee wound care for patients.

In Britain the coalition has mimicked this approach. Circle, backed by private equity firms, runs Hinchingbrooke hospital in Cambridge.

Since 2010 private companies have had the right to set up large GP-style services

Corporates have set up 200 healthcare centres in two years, although critics point out that the majority have been in wealthier urban areas.

The Social Democrats, the main Swedish opposition party, have given up the idea of renationalising the health service and instead argue that profits should be capped and quality of care more tightly regulated.

more than 500 beds are being removed from the country's best known health centre, the Karolinska University hospital, and the services are being moved into the community to be run by private companies

a business-backed research institute, the Centre for Business and Policy Studies, looked at the privatisation of public services in Sweden and concluded that the policy had made no difference to the services' productivity. The academic author of the report, who stood by the findings, resigned after a public row.

Last year Stockholm county council, which controls healthcare for a fifth of the Swedish population, withdrew contracts from a private company after staff in a hospital were allegedly told to weigh elderly patients' incontinence pants to see if they were full or could be used for longer.

Swedish tax authorities are, however, taking some companies to court because pay in private equity groups is often linked to the profits made on deals and has been incorrectly taxed for years, it is said, at rates lower than that required for income in Sweden.

By 2003, the company owned more than 100 homes and was attracting the attention of investment bankers.

a company that leases its homes from landlords can make good profits.

It was blatant financial engineering but it made sense on paper: acquisitions could be financed by spinning off the bricks and mortar into a different company, selling it on to property investors and then using the proceeds to buy more care operators.

The sale-and-leaseback model worked fine when property prices were heading north: property players were happy to invest, and Southern Cross was willing to agree to upwards-only rents as it could borrow at cheap rates.

Even during the best of times, profit margins in the care homes business are thin; as long as occupancy rates remain comfortably over 85%,

Southern Cross's operating company and property assets were separated

occupancy rates fell

Barclays Capital, for instance, took over Care Principles, a company that looked after patients who had been sectioned under the Mental Health Act

A report in the Observer last month disclosed that nearly 30% of the group's 581 centres in England had been served with improvement orders by CQC inspectors.

Local authorities were trying to care for more elderly and frail people in their own homes, so by the time they arrived at residential centres, their condition had deteriorated to include dementia, immobility and incontinence, which are more expensive to care for

Blackstone left long before the bust. It floated the company for £640m in 2006 and sold its last Southern Cross shares a year later. In total, the private equity firm made a profit of £1.1bn on its original investment. Others were left to pick up the pieces.

But Emily Thornberry, shadow health minister says: "Social care cannot be left to uncontrolled market forces."

But surprisingly, no body in the UK seems to have direct responsibility for ensuring private care companies avoid risky business models of the kind that sank Southern Cross.

Health equity impact assessments

Surprisingly little attention has been paid to how to improve health care systems across Canada.

Our system was recently ranked 10th out of 11 in a study of OECD countries, outperforming only the United States. Timeliness of care and system efficiency were particular issues.7 Our per capita spending on health care is high so we should be able to improve performance.8

The federal parties have made important, but limited, commitments to improving Canada’s health care system.

But before that, he says financial instability had a negative impact on his recovery from addiction, and his struggle with bipolar disorder.

Lurette is one of many people who was living off a low income, and whose health suffered because of it.

A new Health Equity Report released today by Health Quality Ontario examines the relationship between a person’s income and their health, as well as the the health care they can access and their health outcomes.

travel time is not included in the salary

So, if an employee works 40 hours, she would receive 40 x 12 cents = $4.80, regardless of the number of kilometres she has travelled. And, travel allowances are not paid by all of the 50 agencies which exist in the province. Car insurance is paid by the home care worker.

Travel mileage between clients is 12 cents per hour.

Also, the days when a worker has only a client or two - for example, one in the morning, the other in the afternoon - she is paid only for the time necessary to service a client, thus losing any opportunity for other part-time work. She has the right to two weeks of paid vacation per year.

Often, services are not offered on public holidays, constituting a loss of hours for the home care worker, since this time is not made up later.

No pension

The vast majority of these employees are women.

This work requires an evaluation of the position and level of responsibility to ensure that the work is paid for its proper value. The government has already done this work and knows full well the real wage which should be paid.

This salary discrimination should no longer be tolerated.

Huberte Gautreau of Moncton is Francophone Vice-Chair of the NB Coalition for Pay Equity.