Plankton*net
Plankton*net is a communal source of information about marine phytoplankton. Users can browse through an extensive collection of descriptions and still and video images organized alphabetically or by taxon. Links are provided with each species description to numerous websites containing information about the organism.
1 The carbon dioxide system in seawater: equilibrium chemistry and measurements
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Basic chemistry of carbon dioxide in seawater
1.3 The definition and measurement of pH in seawater
1.4 Implications of other acid-base equilibria in seawater on seawater alkalinity
1.5 Choosing the appropriate measurement techniques
1.6 Conclusions and recommendations
2 Approaches and tools to manipulate the carbonate chemistry
3 Atmospheric CO2 targets for ocean acidification perturbation experiments
4 Designing ocean acidification experiments to maximise inference
5 Bioassays, batch culture and chemostat experimentation
6 Pelagic mesocosms
7 Laboratory experiments and benthic mesocosm studies
8 In situ perturbation experiments: natural venting sites, spatial/temporal gradients in ocean pH, manipulative in situ p(CO2) perturbations
9 Studies of acid-base status and regulation
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Fundamentals of acid-base regulation
9.3 Measurement of pH, total CO2 and non-bicarbonate buffer values
9.4 Compartmental measurements: towards a quantitative picture
9.5 Overall suggestions for improvements
10 Studies of metabolic rate and other characters across life stages
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Definition of a frame of reference: studying specific characters across life stages
10.3 Approaches and methodologies: metabolic studies
10.4 Study of early life stages
10.5 Techniques for oxygen analyses
10.6 Overall suggestions for improvements
10.7 Data reporting
10.8 Recommendations for standards and guidelines
11 Production and export of organic matter
12 Direct measurements of calcification rates in planktonic organisms
13 Measurements of calcification and dissolution of benthic organisms and communities
14 Modelling considerations
15 Safeguarding and sharing ocean acidification data
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Sharing ocean acidification data
15.3 Safeguarding ocean acidification data
15.4 Harmonising ocean acidification data and metadata
15.5 Disseminating ocean
Not really back from the dead:
A single-celled alga that went extinct in the North Atlantic Ocean about 800,000 years ago has returned after drifting from the Pacific through the Arctic thanks to melting polar ice. And while its appearance marks the first trans-Arctic migration in modern times, scientists say it signals something potentially bigger.
"The Orangeburg Scarp, a band of hard, crusty sediment teeming with tiny plankton fossils that runs from Florida to Virginia, marks an ancient shoreline where waves eroded bedrock 3 million years ago. That period, the middle Pliocene, saw carbon dioxide levels and temperatures that many scientists say could recur by 2100. The question is: Could those conditions also result in Pliocene-epoch sea levels within the next 10 to 20 centuries, sea levels that may have been as much as 35 meters higher than they are today? The answer, say climate scientists, may lie 17,000 kilometers away in East Antarctica. The East Antarctic Ice Sheet is the world's largest, a formation up to 4 km thick and 11 million km2 in area that covers three-quarters of the southernmost continent. Its glaciers were thought to sit mostly above sea level, protecting them from the type of ocean-induced losses that are affecting the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. But studies of ancient sea levels that focus on the Orangeburg Scarp and other sites challenge that long-held assumption. Not everybody believes the records from Orangeburg. But combined with several other new lines of evidence, they support the idea that parts of East Antarctica could indeed be more prone to melting than expected. "