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Mark Drach-Meinel

Steve Santos' questions on inducements (Nov 11th, 2:45 Class) - 32 views

On the subject of the TED video, I wasn't surprised about how intrinsic motivations beat monetary motivations. However; I was very surprised to learn how much better it is to have money as an induc...

inducements discussion

Mike Frieda

Terrorism - Jihad Etiquette - Islam - Militants - Middle East - Iraq - Jordan - Lebanon... - 1 views

  • “No jihadi will do any action until he is certain this action is morally acceptable
    • Gaby Ramirez Castorena
       
      But again there is the question of what EXACLY is morally acceptable...? this ambiguity in turn aids in creating these types of situations.
    • magen sanders
       
      on this same quote i would like to bring in our oown discussion in class about morals and how they are all different and interchangable with different people, most religious groups in the us do not except polygamy, most muslim groups do. we could labe anything and everything as immoral such as the actions of the musliims but they might decide it is moral and follow through with a bombing, killing or riot.
    • Sarah McKee
       
      Yeah, I see it as they have to be able to explain it at least to themselves that what they're doing is morally acceptable so one Muslim's idea of something acceptable may not be the same for another.
    • Ryan Brown
       
      Morally acceptable is bs. killing someone else's life for the sacrifice of your own is not MORALLY ACCEPTABLE. dumb. I don't know how anyone as a human being could be convinced that something like that is okay. Everyone tries to justify war and conflict, but it will never be "acceptable".
  • But before anyone could act on this impulse, the rules of jihadi etiquette kicked in
    • Amanda Power
       
      They were in luck. Had these rules not mattered or been in place, they would be dead.
  • the argument is that if the action is just, the collateral damage is justifiable
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • without feeling a lot of guilt.
    • Sarah McKee
       
      What do they mean by "a lot"? So they should feel some guilt but not a lot? What is a lot of guilt versus some guilt? Isn't guilt just guilt?
  • but precisely where God draws the line between those who go to heaven or hell is not spelled out.
    • Sarah McKee
       
      With so much grey area how can these be considered rules, people can do pretty watch whatever they want and say it's just how they translated the rule. There need to be actual, solid rules.
    • Eric Arbuckle
       
      Agreed, I believe they cannot be seen as rules. They are ideas of individuals from how they translate Shiria Law. There are so many different views of the law it would be impossible to create solid rules for everyone in Islam.
    • Lauren Petta
       
      I think that this is the major problem, the values and morals are not defined anywhere, so anyone and everyone can create their own sets of moral standards- in theory this sounds like it could be a good idea. In this case, though, it's not. The extremists are really giving Muslims a bad name because of their lack of really any morals. 
    • Mike Frieda
       
      Lauren it is very ethnocentric to claim that "extremist" Muslims "lack any morals". Besides, morality is not contemporarilly constricted to a set of written down guidelines. In fact even our written legal system is open to interpretation.
  • They are not held accountable for any sins until puberty, and if they are killed in a jihad operation they will go straight to heaven.
    • Melissa Moreno
       
      Sarah said so before but I do not find anything in this article that serves as a basis for rules. There seem to be loop holes left and right and I don't believe that there is any real punishment for anything they do. They can recruit kids because if they are killed they will go straight to heaven if they have not hit puberty? If you're killed by a suicide bomber you are able to clean your slate to get into heaven? Since when are these exceptions any different from anything else. There is no real rule book here. It is more a list of guidelines that people can manipulate to further their own agendas.
  • With Islamist violence brewing in various parts of the world, the set of rules that seek to guide and justify the killing that militants do is growing more complex.
    • Joette Carini
       
      Who knew that there were actually rules and some kind of code for this type of thing...? It doesn't seem like a very complex thing, but apparently it is. It seems as if they are trying to make a moral code for killing people... ironic right?
  • You need permission from whoever arranges the meeting. And in this case, the arranger who helped us to meet this pair declined to sign off.
    • Mike Frieda
       
      I am not anti-Islamist, nor am I anti-religious, but the very idea that it is okay to slaughter someone - so long as you have permission from the person with whom they are a guest - is completely immoral. Its arbitrary distinctions such as this which are based on law which was codified hundreds of years ago which in today's contemporary legal and philosophical system of morals falls flat.
  • locution that avoids the Koran’s ban on killing oneself in favor of the honor it accords death in battle against infidels.
  • generally prohibits the slaying of innocents, as in Verse 33 in Chapter 17 (Isra’, The Night Journey, Children of Israel): “Nor take life, which Allah has made sacred, except for just cause.”
  • In the typical car bombing, some Islamists say, God will identify those who deserve to die — for example, anyone helping the enemy — and send them to hell. The other victims will go to paradise.
Melissa Moreno

Drug experiment - Boston.com - 0 views

    • magen sanders
       
      this reminds me of the subject of criminals who have commited 3 crimes get a life sentence when convicted of 3rd crime, if all 3 a drug possessions that is a waste of resources and energy of the police force, at least with this system its cleaning up streeets and truly utilizing the authorities and the states resources
  • They decided to decriminalize the possession of all illicit drugs — from marijuana to heroin — but continue to impose criminal sanctions on distribution and trafficking. The goal: easing the burden on the nation’s criminal justice system and improving the people’s overall health by treating addiction as an illness, not a crime
    • Felecia Russell
       
      Ahh, I dont know how i feel about this. However, I do think whatever we socialize as a nation becomes acceptable. So, since marijuana is the new "push" people want it to be legal. I also agree with decriminalizing the punishment with regards to marijana. But I disagree with having bigger punishments for traffing of marijuana because it will already be legal. If we can traffic a bunch of tomatoes, why not a whole alot of marijuana? My point is, if it is legal then it is legal and if it is illegal, then it is illegal. But eradicate all these double standards!
    • Jonathan Omokawa
       
      Assuming that our nation made marijuana illegal because of the adverse health affects, then why make it legal? I am not saying that it shouldn't be legalized, but like Felecia said, we need to eradicate the double standards. They offer marijuana to patients who have terminal cancer, or some other illness, because it helps with the pain. Does that mean the government will legalize something because it may not be good for you, but your dead anyways so what does it matter? Biologically, we are dying from the moment we are born. I don't quite understand this thought process.
    • Jacqueline Ramsay
       
      I agree with the idea that if marijuana were to be legalized, then why make distribution illegal? And personally, the idea of giving medical marijuana cards is very questionable since I know many teenagers who told a doctor they couldn't sleep at night or had pain and in turn received a medical marijuana card. This system seems flawed to me.
    • Ryan Brown
       
      Yeah I dont think this is a smart idea. I understand the point they are making but it does not touch on one of the biggest problems we are faced with today: what do we do with all the peopel already imprisoned by drug offenses. Are we just going to let them out? I am obviously not in favor of this idea as a whole but they are skipping a very important part of the entire process. That is one of the major hold ups with marijuana right now I believe, especially with the three strikes law in California.
    • Sarah McKee
       
      I remember hearing about this, it worked. Obviously I will actually be reading that as I get further into the article but I don't really understand what you all are discussing. If the legalize the use of a drug it is different from legalizing the trafficking of the drug. But if I remember correctly the idea was to let people kill themselves with drugs if they want to, it doesn't usually directly affect other people.
    • Matt Nolan
       
      I agree with Felicia, there is a double standard. The problem with legalizing marijuana is where do we draw the line for what drug is per say good and which drugs are bad. In other states it is a felony to have possession of marijuana and if it were legalized I feel there would be more problems then there already are with drug trafficking. The line that would be drawn would be too thin and much larger crimes would be occurring by possibly using marijuana as a cover for a much larger drug market.
    • anonymous
       
      Portugal definitely had an interesting concept with its spin on the overall legalization of drugs but keeping trafficking activity illegal. It allows people to not fear jail time or other consequences (therefore removing the stigma of doing drugs as "doing something wrong", decreasing the overall allure of the topic in general) and to get the help they need when they need it most. This may not be the right solution for more upscale areas, but for ghetto locales and low-income areas, Portugal has the right idea. It may actually have a positive impact overall in that more people are given the resources to get the help they need and rid themselves of substances once and for all.
  • drug addicts, no longer in danger of going to prison, have been able to get the help they need.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • drug addicts, no longer in danger of going to prison, have been able to get the help they need.
    • Jacqueline Ramsay
       
      This seems to be a major benefit.
    • Mark Drach-Meinel
       
      It seems like a good idea to have the cops try and stop the bigger problems before attacking the smaller situations. It makes one wonder why this isn't implemented in other drug-heavy areas.
  • They worried that the country would become a junkie nirvana, that many neighborhoods would soon resemble Casal Ventoso, and that tourists would come to Portugal for one reason only: to get high.
    • nsamuelian
       
      If they legalize drug use throughout the country then everyone will go there to get high. With all due respect, that's the stupidest thing a country can do. but seeing how it helped about ten years later, i guess that was a battle they fought and won.
    • Sarah McKee
       
      I really don't think it's that stupid, if they go there to get high, they will go there, get high and leave. Or they will be doing serious drugs there all the time and die. Or they will realize that drugs are readily available and treat them more like alcohol rather than illegal drugs... I'm hoping that made sense.
  • But nearly a decade later, there’s evidence that Portugal’s great drug experiment not only didn’t blow up in its face; it may have actually worked
    • Joette Carini
       
      I really believe that if you make something that is illegal perfectly fine to do, there will be less of it. I do realize that is a little bit vague, so a good example would be how many people think that if marijuana use is made legal, then there will be less abuse of it and the number of users would deplete. My theory was definitely proven to be true with the way that they changed things in Portugal. 
    • Sabryna Aylard
       
      I do agree with Joette that we need to make drugs like marijuana legal and not glorify it by making it a "horrible" crime. However, I believe we should also treat the addiction. Otherwise when they are punished in prison, they are just going to continue when they get out. So using rehabilitation methods for crime would be more efficient because we would be getting to the root of the problem instead of skimming it.
    • Eric Henderson
       
      I definitely agree with both Joette and Sabryna, if you make something legal that was illegal, the usage of the substance tends to decline. However, there will still be usage of the substance in addictive cases, which is where the treatment needs to happen to help bring these people back to being contributing members of society.
    • John Buchanan
       
      It may be a little naive for me to say this, but I feel like most of those who advocate the legalization of drugs grew up in well-off and predominantly white communities that have never seen the true problems of drug use.  If one takes a trip out to the Sunnyslope or Maryvale neighborhoods of Phoenix and asks people about the legalization of drugs, the locals will look at you like you are out of your mind.  This is because they realize the effects that drugs (even something as innocuous as marijuana) have on the well-being of their communities and families.  I feel like before someone just makes a decision on this topic by crunching the numbers and reading the studies, they need to take a drive through south-central LA...
  • after the reforms took hold, a 499 percent increase in theamount of drugs seized — indications, the authors argue, that police officers, freed up from focusing on small-time possession, have been able to target big-time traffickers
    • Melissa Moreno
       
      This is a common argument I found when people talk about legalizing marijuana. It would free up so many more police officers, funds, and reduce the market for it. Now who knows if the argument is completely true. But there is something to be said for the fact that pot dealers don't want it to become legalized because they know it will be bad for business. This is something to take into account when looking at our own drug problems in america and looking for solutions. 
  •  
    The idea of legalization of drugs, marijuana or changing the drink age has always been a possibility in my mind. I've heard the argument many of times. To think that people would abuse drugs less is a interesting thought. Portugal seems to have proven the theory. It may be a way to combat drug problems in other countries as well. However, I'm still a floater on this subject. I think it's something that policy makers are scared to actually commit to. I would be shocked if policy was ever actually implemented even if it would eventually work.
Sabryna Aylard

Discussion questions for 11/21 on Facts in Policy Paradox - 23 views

I don't think so because in a free society, individuals are free people with choices and some choose to not be rational. So we can try to get people to become rational to a point but a whole societ...

Joette Carini

Question on "How Framing Influences Citizen Understanding of Public Issues" - 18 views

I really like your answer... don't be surprised if i pick on you in class during my discussion. Thank you!

Mike Frieda

Question on "The Persauders" Film - 8 views

Discuss the different ways the advertising groups made use of framing to sell their products. In what ways do the methods of Frank Luntz differ? How does Luntz use framing to alter public opinion ...

framing heuristics film

started by Mike Frieda on 28 Sep 11 no follow-up yet
madison taylor

Edge: WHAT MAKES PEOPLE VOTE REPUBLICAN? By Jonathan Haidt - 9 views

  • The Democrats would lose their souls if they ever abandoned their commitment to social justice, but social justice is about getting fair relationships among the parts of the nation.
    • Felecia Russell
       
      It would be hard for democrats to abandon their commitment to social justice because that is their foundation. That is their experience because it is rooted philosophically in the concept of equality.
    • Jonathan Omokawa
       
      I agree. Because it is rooted in their philosophy, they could never be Democrats and not agree with social justice.
    • Tyler Coville
       
      Haven't they given up their commitment to social justice? Historically they have attempted to be the protectors of civil liberties yet as long as Obama has president he has made no attempts to repel legislation like the patriot act which infringes on our privacy rights and with no opposition to this position from the right there is no one to protect them.
    • Felecia Russell
       
      there is no one to protect who? Democrats? HE ACTUALLY said he would, but he did not He acually extended the Pariot Act because on May 26, 2011, President Barack Obama signed a four-year extension of three key provisions. Plus, there are far more important things going on right now for him to be worried abou repealing the patriot act!
    • Matt Nolan
       
      The foundation of the democrats is to strong and they would never be willing to change their philosophy and what the have stood for, for over hundreds of years.
    • Alexa Datuin
       
      Of course, this statement seems to true it goes without saying. The basis of being a Democrat is social justice and a lot of politics focuses around that. However, I do think it is a bit of an exaggeration to say they'd lose their souls. I don't think it's impossible for a Democrat to go left, though.
  • they honestly prefer the Republican vision of a moral order to the one offered by Democrats
    • Gaby Ramirez Castorena
       
      This comment may be very biased, but i completely disagree. I consider myself a Democrat, so this article seems non-factual to me
  • The Democrats have historically failed to grasp this rule, choosing uninspiring and aloof candidates who thought that policy arguments were forms of persuasion.
    • Gaby Ramirez Castorena
       
      again, i disagree. i think both political parties have dealt with candidates like such, not just one or the other
    • Tavish Dunn
       
      I disagree with this assertion. Because it is a guiding principle of humans in general to try to rationalize their arguments after making an emotional choice, both parties follow the first rule of moral psychology.
    • Jonathan Omokawa
       
      Lately this statement seems to be flipped around.
    • anonymous
       
      This assertion, along with the paragraph that preceded it, definitely rubbed me the wrong way. I feel that the only way to really measure morality is through the combination of both gut feelings and deciding what's logical, and then from there finding a happy medium upon which to base views. I feel that the author is placing much too heavy criticisms on Democrats, saying that they do not think about what they want in any way and only act upon their feelings, emotions and liberationist desires. There is an entire side to moral psychology in which conservatives utilize their feelings and desires as well, and I feel as though the author alludes to the claim of little to no emotional involvement in Republican policies.
    • Alexis Schomer
       
      It is very interesting how framing effects individuals of al backgrounds. I was surprised to read that even people who are educated and involved politically still get fooled by the framing effect. The fact that people stick to learning from news channels and online sources that share the same views shows that people's bias will grown and remain rather than lessen. If people learned from sources that had opposing views, they would learn new things rather than feeding themselves the biased information they already know and are used to hearing
    • sahalfarah
       
      What the heck is this guy talking about? FRD, Kennedy, and Obama are uninspiring and lacking/lacked a charismatic image? Jonathan is right when he says this statement should be flipped. Because Obama will always be more inspiring/charismatic over Romney..
    • Ryan Hamilton
       
      Well what I think the author is trying to say is that overall the messages of the Democratic party are much harder to get across to people on an emotional level. Even if Obama is charismatic, which I agree he is, it is hard for him to explain to people that spending money helps stimulate an economy when his opponent can more effectively tell people that spending is bad and debt is bad. At the debate we saw this. Romney was not specific at all about policies but he used emotional words and phrases when he summarized what he would do. That connects better with people as we see with the poll shifts after the debate. 
  • ...23 more annotations...
    • Gaby Ramirez Castorena
       
      In general, i felt that this article was somewhat disorganized- i think it could've been more effective if it's arguements were better organized and more thoroughly referncing the arguement they are trying to make
    • Sarah McKee
       
      I can see that, the topics definitely jumped around and it was a little hard to follow what they're overall goal was.
  • morally wrong, even when nobody was harmed
    • Mike Frieda
       
      "So long as he didn't serve the chicken to his friend after..." 
    • Jonathan Omokawa
       
      I would like to "Like" both posts. If its morally wrong, then isn't harmful to whomever finds it morally wrong?
    • Sarah McKee
       
      I started reading this paragraph and thought he might ask the chicken question.
    • Melissa Moreno
       
      I have this conversation in various classes and every time the chicken question is posed or one similar to it, the most interesting question was that of a man and a turtle.
  • First, when gut feelings are present, dispassionate reasoning is rare.
    • Mike Frieda
       
      Irrational actors 
    • Jonathan Omokawa
       
      I agree. The amount of decisions based on feelings is both startling and understandable. We have all been in situations where we probably acted rashly.
    • Sarah McKee
       
      We don't use logic to come to a conclusion, we use logic to explaining our conclusion.
    • Shannon Wirawan
       
      This is true. As humans, we use our emotions to play a huge part in our decision; how it makes us feel, how it would make other people feel, etc. Logic is out of the mindset when emotions overrides everything. Unless you make a decision strictly based on science, emotions will always have a role in deciding what is right and what is wrong.
  • feelings come first and tilt the mental playing field on which reasons and arguments compete.
    • Mike Frieda
       
      What saddens me the most about this, is that as we have learned, no matter your study of policy and politics you are bound to be irrational and succumb to these same short comings. 
    • Jonathan Omokawa
       
      Exactly my problem with politics these days. Too many of our decisions are based on "what do I feel", or "I don't feel that is right". One of the first courses in law school that students have to take teaches that in order to properly understand politics, you have to remove emotions from the equation and that they play no part in politics whatsoever.
    • Sarah McKee
       
      But they do, and I think they should. Emotions shouldn't rule us but emotions are a part of life and society and so they have to be a part of laws and politics as well.
    • Tatiana McCuaig
       
      This explains reasoning used when people encounter sticky or uncomfortable situations and need a way to cope with them. They will first use emotional reasons to defend why something may be wrong, yet in the end they see that based purely on need, it is the only means available.
  • Conservative positions on gays, guns, god, and immigration must be understood as means to achieve one kind of morally ordered society.
    • Jonathan Omokawa
       
      Using just these parameters, I could argue that Conservative positions could just as easily be trying to uphold the United States Constitution. I am not saying that I agree with everything said, just stating the holes in the argument.
    • Ryan Brown
       
      This is just one of the statements he makes that doesn't make sense to me. He does not understand why I vote republican other than he thinks these 4 issues are important to me. He doesnt take into context everything, no one party is perfect and no one person has the views of one party. It is an imperfect system as will be, I vote republican because I believe in minimal government, more liberties and "smart" or no spending, and for nothing to impair the growth of the education system (limiting illegal immigration), those are my 4. I could be seen as a libertarian and am, but the democratic party does nothing for me, quite the opposite in fact
    • Tyler Schnorf
       
      I agree with the highlighted portion. We have to have some common ground when referring to polictics and morals. We are becomming so partison and split we have to unite on what we were founded on and what worked for so many years for our country.
    • Dana Sacca
       
      I agree with Tyler. I feel that liberals are trying to bring us into the new times, but conservatives are pulling back so hard that there is a massive divide forming. We need to find common ground because this split is making it hard for us to bring our contry out of the hole it is trapped in.
    • Cameron Schroeck
       
      I agree with the fact that a common ground needs to be achieved, but I must be realistic as I do not think that an agreement is hardly ever reached with minimal struggle between the two parties. I resent Haidt's glorification of conservatism on these issues. I do not think that Democrats nor Republicans have the fully appropriate approach to these issues. Ideally, both perspectives must be blended to create a 'morally rational' decision.  
  • a Millian society at its best would be a peaceful, open, and creative place where diverse individuals respect each other's rights and band together voluntarily (as in Obama's calls for "unity") to help those in need or to change the laws for the common good.
  • Unity is not the great need of the hour, it is the eternal struggle of our immigrant nation. The three Durkheimian foundations of ingroup, authority, and purity are powerful tools in that struggle.
  • Republicans offer "moral clarity"—a simple vision of good and evil that activates deep seated fears in much of the electorate. Democrats, in contrast, appeal to reason with their long-winded explorations of policy options for a complex world.
    • alyssa Scheer
       
      democrats, being more liberal than republicans, see the not so popular side of things. Republicans may offer a "Moral clarity" but thats because they are strict and play everything by the book. Democrats see more openly 
    • Luke Gheta
       
      What? " being more liberal than republicans, see the not so popular side of things". "Democrats see more openly". Ahhh
  • But now that we can map the brains, genes, and unconscious attitudes of conservatives, we have refined our diagnosis: conservatism is a partially heritable personality trait that predisposes some people to be cognitively inflexible, fond of hierarchy, and inordinately afraid of uncertainty, change, and death.
    • Sarah McKee
       
      Is it just me or do they describe voting republican like it's some sort of terrible disease. I sense a little bit of bias here.
    • Mark Drach-Meinel
       
      It's more than just a disease. It's described as being a genetic make-up. I think that is worse than being a disease because there isn't a cure for a genetic code.
  • I was a 29 year old liberal atheist who had spent his politically conscious life despising Republican presidents, and I was charged up by the culture wars that intensified in the 1990s.
    • Eric Arbuckle
       
      Not surprised
  • Religion and political leadership are so intertwined across eras and cultures because they are about the same thing: performing the miracle of converting unrelated individuals into a group.
    • steve santos
       
      this i found very ironic with the explicit divide drawn from church an state as a means of policy in itself and then how Durkneim's statement shows how even if it is said they are to be separate, the structure of society and the basis of any one faith have systematically been intertwined to meet a means of advancing any one collective's ideals. Its a presentation of faith and religion as a ends to a means of structure and justification to the way in which things are done in government and within the personal experience in defining which is the one right way to cultivate the beliefs of a majority and all things unrelated into a group. As its stated in this segment: a miracle.
    • sahalfarah
       
      There have always been voters who vote for certain people or props based on their religious affiliation. I somewhat understand why people do this, but sometimes it's carried away. For example, one of my friends voting in this election is a devout catholic. She wasn't well versed in the issues and the candidates and so I encouraged her to research more before voting. She said she nearly agreed with EVERYTHING President Obama stood for, but she will still be voting for Romney JUST because of his stance on abortion. I totally get it if you believe in something, whether it's divine or just emotional but this seems a bit ridiculous to me.  
    • chelseaedgerley
       
      Being a christian I base my vote off what I believe and Morals, and I think thats totlly resonable. If there was a dem who could fix america Id vote for him. Back when Reagan ran both repubs an dems loved him. People went off who would do better for the country, despite what party they were from. Sad that its complete opposite these days. I am far right because of what I believe in, romney stands for those also and is a business man. But yes some people get carried away, overall I wish people were more educated on what there looking for in a president
    • Courtney Sabile
       
      I agree, I'd say I'm a religious individual. Politically for me, it all depends on which candidate can fix the country. The two political parties become biased against one another. Democrats criticize the Republicans, and Republicans do the same. This is the sad fact of today's politics, it's hard to agree on something. Improving America is our priority and voters should consider that.
  • Why are grasshoppers kosher but most locusts are not?
    • Alexis Schomer
       
      The beginning of this  text seems like a biased attempt to make sense of republicans. Haidt makes it seem like republicans are illogical and only carry o their republican ideas because of tradition. His article gets interesting when he talks about the experiments and how a majority of the people found harmless acts to be wrong. This shows that many people react without thinking, they react based on their emotions. 
  • In short, I was immersed in a sex-segregated, hierarchically stratified, devoutly religious society, and I was committed to understanding it on its own terms, not on mine.
    • georgenasr
       
      This is good perspective to gain; if you go even deeper into this persons research, you would have to see how different cultures see political ideologies differently.
  • Only one group—college students at Penn—consistently exemplified Turiel's definition of morality and overrode their own feelings of disgust to say that harmless acts were not wrong. (A few even praised the efficiency of recycling the flag and the dog).
    • Lauren Dudley
       
      This is interesting that the students went against their emotions and feelings to say that it was not wrong because the actions did not hurt anyone. This is interesting because human beings are irrational in nature as they base their opinions with morals off their emotions and feelings with disgusts, so these experiments are very interesting to take note of.
  • My first few weeks in Bhubaneswar were theref
  • morality is any system of interlocking values, practices, institutions, and psychological mechanisms that work together to suppress or regulate selfishness and make social life possible.
    • Finn Sukkestad
       
      I rally like this definition of morality.  I think that is considers most peoples goal despite having different morals.  I say most because I cant try to say that i know every set of moral standards held by each individual on this planet.  But i think that this is a very non discriminating definition of what morals are really for and it takes away the maliciousness of some morals by giving them a goal of grater good. 
    • Caitlin Fransen
       
      i also like this definition of morality, i think it shows what morality means and in a way can describe a good reason as to why republicans vote the way they do and why they like the morality that republicans have to offer. 
  • "the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others."
    • Finn Sukkestad
       
      This could be taken a long way by applying it to today.  You could say that the government in raising taxes for the one percent in order to prevent unhealthy and harmful lifestyles for those less privledged.  Just a thought.
  • If Democrats want to understand what makes people vote Republican, they must first understand the full spectrum of American moral concerns. They should then consider whether they can use more of that spectrum themselves.
    • Brandon White
       
      This article was quite unsettling to me, but at least the author admits at this point that democrats need to see that the other side of the political aisle is not composed of senseless individuals. I wish more people in both political parties would realize this. Our us vs them mentality that we often have in politics can often harm our ability to see other's morals for what they are. 
  • Drew Westen points out that the Republicans have become the party of the sacred, appropriating not just the issues of God, faith, and religion, but also the sacred symbols of the nation such as the Flag and the military.
    • sahalfarah
       
      I get extremely annoyed when republicans claim to be the party of "faith and patriotism". Since when does being a liberal make you less patriotic than being a conservative? This is something that has become something of an epidemic for the GOP over the past few decades. I guarantee you that you cannot find ONE SINGLE speech spoken by a republican politician that does't reference God or freedom. 
    • Ryan Hamilton
       
      Welcome to the game of politics. If you have ever seen Fox News they believe that the Bible and Constitution are the two most patriotic items in America. And if a Democrat does not mention one or the other, or both, they get slammed for their unpatriotic ideals. I wish everything was based on rational policy making, but we do not live in that world. We live in the world where taking out "under God" in the pledge will make national headlines as an attack on religious freedom. Which is ridiculous if you think about it. Religious freedom would be "under ..." fill in whatever you believe.
    • Caitlin Scott
       
      I think that this article was not  all encompassing.  Haidt decided to use psychology of Republicans on social issues to make a broader statement of why people vote Republican.  While this could be true for why Republicans vote a certain way on social issues, I don't think that he can make that full jump to conclude about the broader issue of conservative voters.  In addition, his examples and statements provided little evidence to prove that his conclusions were actually true.  Haidt can come up with a philosophy that sounds reasonable but that in itself is not enough evidence to prove a point.
    • madison taylor
       
      I think only a few number of conservatives would actually fit into this idea of what he thiks a republican is.
  •  
    It says in this article that conservatism is a partially heritable personal trait, but I was told in highs school that people learn their political preferences mostly through what they were taught by their families (political socialization). This idea goes very well with the nature/nurture debate. I used to wonder about what made something sacred; was holy water holy just because someone blessed it? Mr Haidt's idea that "Sacredness is really about society and its collective concerns" makes a lot more sense. By the way, holy cheese comes from holy cows. Holy cows come from India!
  • ...5 more comments...
  •  
    I agree in which the most influence in people's political preferences come directly from their families. A person tends to sway to the side in which their parents take, because that's what they are taught from the beginning.
  •  
    Due to the lack of hard, truthful facts and the biased wording I don't believe that Conservatism is a heritable personal trait. If we step away from stereotypical ideologies that we have towards Republicans and Conservatives, we can see that most views stem from the environment they grow up in and how involved they are in the political realm of things. I also believe that beliefs stem from your young adult years and you grow into forming your own opinions. Once someone has fully come into their own they are able to form their own opinions that aline with being labeled as a Conservative, a Republican, a Liberal or a Democrat or a Moderate.
  •  
    I agree with you Kiera, there were very few hard and factual pieces of information, therefore, I could not make a ture judgement on this piece. Generally speaking, I do believe that one's political ideologies come from conditioning throughtout early teenage days through young adulthood. After that, they can form their own opinions then becoming apart of whatever party they wish
  •  
    I do agree with Felicia. Social justices is the basis of the democratic party. It is what attracts many to it. If politicians were to abandon these ideals then it could be fatal to their party's future success.
  •  
    I agree that this article was not a very well thought out piece. It was a little all over the place and in most areas for me, hard to grasp. But there are a lot of things in this article that I did not like. It seemed to me that this article is more of an attack on conservative beliefs. I am a Libertarian but I always vote Republican because I belief in many conservative ideas. I belief that more power should be constituted with the states and each state should get to run their state how they choose. I belief that taxes should always be low for everyone and that the government should not just spend our taxpayer money they way they seem is the most beneficial to us. I believe that the wars abroad are pointless and that the real war that we should be focusing on is our national defense on our border with Mexico. I believe in following the Constitution and not sidestepping and trying to change the Constitution that I have seen most Liberals in the government do. I don't care what someone's political stance is, just don't be a douche about something when you disagree with someone.
  •  
    It is fascinating to try to understand why people vote one way and other people vote another way. Republicans seem to offer simple solutions of "moral clarity" which are easy to understand and like. It is easy to like their positions-who wouldn't! The article talks about morality and the author discusses his research. He gives some very dramatic examples of situations (people eating their dog, using the American flag to clean their toilet) to provoke us into thinking about how we feel. These are all really good questions-and they do not have easy answers. He mentions that when people have "gut feelings" they do not use their heads to think about things clearly. This is true and I am like this, too! Morality also depends on culture. In some cultures it might be acceptable to eat dog! He talks about his trip to India and how he gradually came to like people who were very different from him. This is how he lost his "righteous passion" and how he, in my opinion, became more human. This is the most important point of the article to me: you can respect someone else's opinion even if you do not agree. The author calls the Republican party a "sacred" one and the Democratic a "profane" one. I think this is a good way of putting it because Republicans talk about big issues like God and religion and the Democrats talk about society and its problems. I also reflected on the national motto of the American flag: "e pluribus unum (from many, one) and think that both parties should promote this.
  •  
    Freedom of speech and the freedom to practice your beliefs is what seperates the USA from France. However you cannot impose religion it is the bases of why church and state must remain seperate. If the church slips into the state that is over riding our constitutional rights.
Caitlin Fransen

Joanna Moorhead on the best country to give birth | Life and style | The Guardian - 18 views

    • magen sanders
       
      obviously these statistics of new mothers dying is high because of a lack of medical insight and medicine as well as resources but if perhaps they do live through a childbirth are they aware of the now even higher chances of death during a 2nd or 3rd child birth?or is it just now a expected custom?
    • nsamuelian
       
      i had the same questions in my mind while reading this, but i think if they have the proper medication and necessities to advance the process and outcomes of the childbirth in the first place, the survival rate of the 2nd and 3rd children will possibly increase as well.
    • Matt Nolan
       
      it is sad to see that women in this country are not able to receive proper medical attention for their babies. Its not just the medical attention that is lacking, it is the transportation where is the transportation for these mothers? As a society we need to do something for these third world countries to receive the proper medical attention, changes need to be made and we all have to participate.
    • anonymous
       
      These are the stories that make me want to pursue a career in Public Health. It is absolutely ridiculous that mothers in Niger and all over impoverished Africa are forced to go through such a delicate procedure virtually on their own with only slightly trained caretakers, if they're lucky. Birth is the beginning of life, and no one's life should begin this way. Mothers' greatest joys should be the birth of their children, yet they clearly are unable to enjoy this process (or gain any positive feelings from it whatsoever) in any way due to poor conditions. The issue of economic inequality throughout the world is presented in a huge way by this article. If Swedish mothers-to-be can be given such fantastic care, mothers in Africa (and mothers everywhere, for that matter) should be able to receive just as much care. However, the overall key is education. All successful pursuits within governments begin with educated and well-trained personnel who can perform any and all necessary tasks pertaining to a position.
    • Ryan Brown
       
      This article is quite ridiculous when you compare both countries as it should not be done. There are two many different situations that yes, it does show the differences between the two socieites and many of the problems but what can be done to change this? The infrastructure need sto updated and worked on but that is more complicated (and expensive) then anyone can understand for a 3rd world country. The United States often times takes situations like these into hand and tries to help the world solve its problems but you cant keep giving handouts, especially when we are already struggling to support our own country. Yes I think every child deserves to live and be born in a safe environment where they should be given the chance to succeed but we can not save everyone, we must be realistic, no matter how bad this sounds, it is the truth.
    • Xochitl Cruz
       
      Along with what Marina said, the women in Niger do not get to enjoy the birth of their child. Instead they have to endure this immense pain, which may last for plenty of hours, and do so quietly. The process of childbirth is not pleasant, but it is a joyous moment for the mother. Nevertheless, they have to endure and then walk back to their home without getting any check-up after the labor. This problem is just leading to more problems for the mothers and newborns since the mothers endure about nine months and their newborn might die instantly. I think that the country should get not necessarily professionals, but sanitary facilities to move a step forward and cut down the statistic a bit more.
  • She was was born by caesarean section because of worries over a uterine scar, the result of previous surgery. It might have been fine, the doctors told her, but there was a risk it might rupture. "Why take that risk?" says Carmen, smiling
    • Gaby Ramirez Castorena
       
      i think this further emphasizes the difference in the care that each location chooses to dedicate to childbirth- one place doesn't care or seem to want to even try and deal with the risks of childbirth, whereas the other place is all about prevention and care
    • jose marichal
       
      I AGREE WITH GABY
    • magen sanders
       
      was this a nessessity or are the people being spoiled with this type of care. i understand care in a hospital is important but this may be overdoing it a bit.
    • Sarah McKee
       
      How is this overdoing it? It's best, if you can, to take all precautions. It's easier to take a precaution then to fix a problem after the fact. If there had been a complication she could have died or her baby could have died.
    • Eric Henderson
       
      I think this may be overdoing it just a little bit, just because of my personal morals, but in their particular society, it is perfectly normal to avoid any risks whatsoever by way of a caesarean section. I personally was born this way, but this is only true because it was a danger to my health. This is the only instance in which I believe it is 100 percent acceptable to have a caesarean section performed.
    • Jonathan Omokawa
       
      I don't think that they are being spoiled. I think its odd to do a caesarean because of cosmetic worries. Since, I assume that is her reason for not wanting the uterine scar. But I definitely don't think its overdoing it. Personally, if I had the resources for everything to go the way I wanted, why not take advantage of it.
    • Lauren Frenkel
       
      Agreed. Why not take advantage of the available resources? When comparing the different types of care available it may seem a bit over the top how ever it is keeping women safe and comfortable. Although comfort is not a necessity, it is a luxury that other countries unfortunately do not have access to. Perhaps if more luxuries were provided then less deaths would occur for both women and infants.
    • Alexa Datuin
       
      I agree with Sarah, Jonathan, and Lauren. I think it's important to take advantage of all resources at all times, even more so if you can afford it. I don't think there is any way to "over-do" anything when it comes to health. With technology these days, it's best to keep moving forward and continue to find new ways for problems and situations that will happen for many years to come. Otherwise, all the money and time spent into doing health research will be put to waste. It's better to be safe than sorry.
  • ...52 more annotations...
  • he fertility rate, at 7.5, is among the highest in the world.
    • magen sanders
       
      thats because they dont have access to birth control of any kind including condoms and oral contraceptives.
    • Sarah McKee
       
      And currently it is the highest at 7.6.
    • Jonathan Omokawa
       
      I agree with Magen. The complete lack of knowledge in this area of the world is ridiculous. Many of the women would rather take risks than use contraceptives because of its too hard to get them or too expensive. Is it not easier to just say no? I can't imagine there are tv shows or billboards promoting sex in these parts of the world.
    • Ashley Mehrens
       
      I really don't think that the women have much of an option. They don't have the extra money to spend on contraceptives considering they probably can hardly feed their families. Also the women probably don't have the option to say no. Niger is culturally much different than where we live, probably using a more patriarchal system. The men dominate home life, saying no isn't practical. On top of all that if they don't have the money for decent healthcare, they also probably don't have the means to have television or billboards, especially in the villages that the article talks about.
    • Amanda Power
       
      of course children are not going to live very long if they are not properley cared for and checked for diseases after they are born. They miss a treatment window and are unfortunatly killed by the diseases that could have been cured or even prevented.
    • Gaby Ramirez Castorena
       
      furthermore, is this lack of aftercare due to the poverty in Niger, or the lack of importance that these people give to childbirth? or possibly both?
    • Sarah McKee
       
      I can't imagine that it is do to a lack of importance of childbirth. Children are important in all societies or at least virtually all, I hate to say all. But it is programmed into our DNA, we take care of children, they are important for our survival and the survival of our species. I mean, maybe they have a slightly less important in Niger because Niger has the highest total birth rate in the world but I can not fathom a society that does not think of children as being important.
    • Joshua Gray
       
      I couldn't imagine that somehow only in Niger people didn't put an importance on child birth. I am led to believe that the lack of aftercare in Niger is indeed due to the amount of severe poverty. There aren't many doctors or nurses there trained in modern medicine, and those rare cases that a Nigerian citizen gets a scholarship to medical school, how likely do you think it is they'd want to return? I am not saying they hate their country or that none return, but to them it is a way out of poverty and to a better life
  • There is no aftercare, Insa explains: no midwife will check up on mother or baby, so Dahara will have to use her own judgment if there are any post-natal problems and seek help if and where she can
  • Niger is officially the most dangerous place on earth to have a baby: in May, a Save the Children report found that, of the 125 nations it surveyed, Niger was where childbirth was most likely to end badly. Statistically, Dahara, who is 26, has a one-in-seven chance of dying during her reproductive years as a result of a pregnancy-related complication or infection, or childbirth injury. Her baby son, lying here on the table, has a 15% chance of not reaching his first birthday and a one-in-six chance of not making it to the age of five. And Dahara is fortunate to have had the skills of a midwife like the cheerful Insa: across the country, only 16% of deliveries are attended by anyone with any training at all.
    • Gaby Ramirez Castorena
       
      These statistics are obviously very concerning and eye-opening when it comes to comparing between childbirth here in the US and childbirth in places like NIger. However, I also wonder why these woman choose to go through so many risks in childbirth by having so many children. I understand that perhaps these woman and their families desire children on their behave, but why choose to have so many if the risks only dramatically increase? Is this for reasons of culture or mere wants on behalf of the family (ies)?
    • Joshua Gray
       
      I believe at least a part of the issue for countries like these are that they have serious lack of birth control. Many of these people are very uneducated and lack advice in these areas that our culture often takes for granted. Having a large family can also be a plus in their enviornment. More people, more workers and their children can help with work. Or if the parents become sick, they will have someone to look after them.
    • Meghann Ellis
       
      This show global inequality based on the statistics of survival of mom and baby. Niger clearly doesn't have the technology to make childbirth more efficient. In comparison to Sweden's hospital care, Dahara is left be the doctor to herself and her child, thus risking the life of her baby and of herself. The care in Niger seems cruel and unsafe , where as Sweden has midwives there for every step of the way. Everywhere in the world no matter what the country should have proper equipment and care for childbirth.
  • Until then, she, her partner Tommy Svedberg, 41 - who was at the birth and is now taking paternity leave to be involved in his daughter's first weeks - and Tess are staying at the hospital, in a large, hotel-like double room.
    • Gaby Ramirez Castorena
       
      ...contrary to the other family, where the father won't even be involved at all in the early weeks of their baby's life
    • Jonathan Omokawa
       
      I had no idea there was something called paternity leave. I thought that this was pretty cool. I think its pretty important that the father is there to help the mother deal with the newborn. This also might help prevent psychological problems with the mother.
    • Alexis Schomer
       
      I agree. I had no idea either but I think it's great that the father supports the mother. Child birth is a miracle but it can also come with extreme side effects and the support of a husband can be very helpful in these situations! 
  • Education, she says, is key. "If we could raise awareness of some of the health issues, we could save many lives,"
    • Tavish Dunn
       
      While more advanced medical equipment would help deal with many issues new mothers face in delivery, help from people with actual training to help with deliveries would prevent several of the complications faced by new mothers giving birth.
    • Caitlin Scott
       
      I think that the Save the Children people are doing a great job in doing the small part that they have in educating the women of Niger about even something so small as breast feeding.  I don't think that they have unattainable goals and if education is where the change needs to start then building up from there would do a world of difference for those women.
  • massage, a shower, acupuncture
    • Sarah McKee
       
      During labor?
    • Jonathan Omokawa
       
      Did not think that acupuncture was something performed in hospitals.
  • Because, it transpires, when you come into hospital to have a baby in Niger, your relatives come too: they sleep on the floor by your bed, they help look after you and your baby, and they are here, too, to donate blood if you have a postpartum haemorrhage - you only get blood if you bring your own donors.
    • Sarah McKee
       
      But they said that the father doesn't even come or deal with the child for the first few weeks or so. So, are these just people from the mother's side of the family?
    • Hayley Jensen
       
      Maybe this speaks to gender roles and how they differ throughout the world? This seems to be perpetuating the female gender role as the primary care taker with babies, at least for the first part of life.
  • Of 2,600 babies born here last year, around one in six was dead at delivery or died soon afterwards. In addition, a total of 61 mothers lost their lives. This is shocking stuff: in Uppsala, where there are 4,000 births a year, two to three babies will die annually and one woman will die, on average, every seven years.
    • Sarah McKee
       
      I wonder how the US ranks in these statistics.
    • Kiera Murphy
       
      This is extremely shocking. It's a shame that the technology here in the U.S. has been utilized for decades and other places in the world don't have the ability of access the advances necessary for survival. This idea pertains to more than just pregnancy and delivery. A majority of medical advances, such as medicine, is not available to the people who are in need. Letting people die when we have the resources to save their life, is not moral. I understand that because of financial reasons we can't save the world from all it's problems. But how odd is it that we can't even agree to have universal healthcare for our own citizens??
  • And then the wife gets worse and they say, well there's no point in taking her now, she's going to die anyway
    • Sarah McKee
       
      Obviously men don't value women or children in Niger.
  • three weeks early and is slightly underweight
    • Amanda Power
       
      if this situation were to happen in niger the baby would have died, and so would the mother if complications with the uterine scar (which would probably have not been seen) had risen.
  • Niger's women have to pay for the privilege of their substandard, inadequate services
    • Amanda Power
       
      I think i would rather have my baby at home than walk all this way to be treated very poorly, possibly not have a midwife, and have to pay.
    • tania markussen
       
      The fact that the nigerian women have to pay for poor treatment where one in seven leads to death and where there is no medical equipment if anything goes wrong and no pain killers is very sad and feels very unfair.
    • Melissa Moreno
       
      This really resonated with me because I feel that it is such a strong comment on what the female population has achieved in the more advanced countries but does paint a picture of how far we are yet to come on a more global scale. I am curious as to where the 100% comes from and if the numbers prove to be completely true I would hope that the United States would strive to for this in regards to their female population, and on a broader scale the entire population to be as literate and educated as Sweden (China, Japan, etc.). While we are one of the most advanced countries in the world we still have a massive mountain to climb in relation to healthcare, education, and various other facets as a whole.
  • Sweden, by contrast, is one of the wealthiest economies on earth. Its people are healthy and well-fed, its shops well-stocked, its communications excellent and its women well-educated, with virtually 100% female literacy. More than 72% use modern contraception and the average age for a first birth is 29. The fertility rate is 1.7. It is, in every way, a happier and healthier place to be a woman.
    • Alexis Schomer
       
      It;s amazing what money and education can do to a community! 
    • steve santos
       
      its very interesting to think of these notions of morality and personal motif in the definition of defining the line between the polis and the market when there are many limiting factors dissolving the two of them. where there is no gubernatorial sense of how to allocate resources to feed people; very little is any, and then the polis struggling to make ends meat and water of daily survival to bring into consideration that of others. certain things then become "nice problems to have" in western civilization when drinking water is abundant and famine is not an actuality as opposed to how it is in Niger where life to death is over, or under depending how you look at it, in regards to the access to something so crucial as clean water
  • To call the birth centre here basic is an understatement: to the western eye, from the outside, it resembles a neglected public lavatory
    • Mike Frieda
       
      This line was definitely powerful in my mind. It really contrasts the difference in quality of life between a first world nation and Niger. 
    • Mike Frieda
       
      "Why take that risk" - immediately made me cringe at the privileged healthcare that we are provided in first world nations in contrast to that which is provided in the third world.  
    • Mike Frieda
       
      Honestly, this makes me sick. I can't stand seeing nations unable to offer proper healthcare to their citizens and then over charging. Of course we see these fees in the US as well, but predominantly the average American can afford all basic medical expenses (this is not to say we shouldn't have true universal healthcare - because we should). It saddens me that the government of Niger can not properly regulate the industry or perhaps provide some sort of aid for mothers to be. While I understand their economy is lacking, which is a much greater issue at hand, it is truly disheartening to read about all the statistics in this article and realize those deaths were of real mothers who would have survived given proper care. 
    • Joette Carini
       
      I really do wish that more people out there could read this type of article... it really is a reality check. It deeply saddens me to not only know this new information given to me about how it is in the world of Niger, but also to know that people like Carmen really do not know how good they have it. I myself have never truly been exposed to a type of environment like Dahara's, and I am so very thankful, but many people do not have the gratitude that I do for being raised in a generally clean and safe environment where people actually work for the well-being of children and where complications are minimal, and it bothers me to know that SO many people take it for granted. 
  • in Niger, birth is considered to be women's work and fathers keep their distance. The only piece of medical equipment in evidence in the entire centre is a plastic bowl into which Dahara has delivered the placenta.
  • Mothers in labour are looked after with every hi-tech advantage possible
    • Eric Arbuckle
       
      Shows a great difference in the ways women are treated in the two countries. It is to no surprise Niger, seeming to be a country still living in history and ancient Islamic beliefs, shows nearly no interest in the well being of women. Much like Afghanistan and other undeveloped Islamic countries.
    • Kayla Sawoski
       
      Compared to Sweden, Niger is definitely less developed and less technologically advanced. Clearly, the Swedish people have more opportunities and are living in a flourishing area. 
  • Most of the mothers I talked to had had their first baby at 15 or 16 -one had had 11 babies before she was 25. Only 4% use modern contraception and not for cultural or religious reasons - many of the women I asked said they would welcome advice on spacing their children.
    • Eric Arbuckle
       
      Seems to be common in old traditional Islamic countries.
    • Devin Milligan
       
      This makes me really happy to be living in America.
    • Nicolas Bianchi
       
      It's crazy how different cultures can be
    • Eric Arbuckle
       
      Sums up the reality and horrible differences between Sweden and a country like Niger.
    • Edmund Garrett
       
      A random razor blade? Seems to be an invitation for infection
    • Ashley Mehrens
       
      It probably is an invitation for infection, but they have no other options. Throughout the article they have said multiple times that they simply can't afford anything more efficient. In a small village like the one described they have a village attendant that has probably never had any formal training only figured some of the common things out through experience. 
  • It's 10am on a stiflingly hot Monday morning and I am in a delivery room with one of the unluckiest mothers on the planet. She is Dahara Laouali, and at the moment she is lying on a narrow, dusty hospital trolley pushing her baby into the w
    • jose marichal
       
      This is dumb.....
  • silence
    • georgenasr
       
      Why is this considered a tradition? Does anyone know why this is actually significant/symbolic for mothers in Niger? 
    • Devin Milligan
       
      I have no idea, but i can only imagine how unpleasant that would be. I would like to know the answer to your questions as well.
    • Kayla Sawoski
       
      Going through labor is a tough moment for all women. Not being able to speak or produce any type of noise would make it that much more unpleasant. 
    • Kevin Olive
       
      I wonder how and why this tradition started in the first place? Wonder what happens if the tradition is broken?
    • Brandon Weger
       
      Its interesting and quite saddening to see that the tradition is to endure labor in silence, especially when Nigerian mothers have so much less at their disposal, that they have to be strong when the health care is so weak... almost as though they are forced to compensate for Niger's lacking
    • Kim H
       
      Interesting thought that its like they are "forced to compensate for Niger's lacking". It does kind  of seem that way. I wonder if the tradition comes out of that old saying of "children should be seen and not heard", but in this case its the women. 
  • that the messages aren't getting through
    • georgenasr
       
      Will it make a difference? These mothers seem very insistent on sticking to tradition; since they refuse to make any sound while giving birth to a child. I feel like some mothers would change their attitudes on breast-feeding, but others will want to commit to traditions. 
  • They scream, they shriek, they moan, they writhe: and they do it two to a room because there is no such thing as private delivery space. Nor for the most part is there any such thing as pain relief - a trip round the dispensary reveals empty shelves. Only women who have a caesarean are given anaesthetic.
    • Lauren Dudley
       
      It is horrible to hear about the agony that women have to go through in Niger to bring a new life into this world, a moment that should be joyous. It is astounding and I bet that many people are not even aware... we here in the United States take for granted our modern technology, safe environments, and the knowledge we have in order to have safe procedures, such as during childbirth. I hope that this changes soon in order to give these women somewhat of a relief.
    • Alexis Schomer
       
      I thought they had to be silent...?
  • harassed-looking midwives
  • "What makes us successful is that we put women at the centre of what we're doing,"
    • Lauren Dudley
       
      This is a big difference between Niger and Sweden as Niger doesnt provide what should be necessities and the father is not apart of the birthing process, etc. In Sweden they realize how miraculous this process is, but also how precautious they need to be... I hope Niger can get sufficient funds and work on increasing their care of the women to give them some peace of mind about the labour process.
    • elliott reyes
       
      this is a better difference becasue sweden women have better care than Niger women niger women are poorer and cannot access the resources that sweden women have
  • A tale of two pregnancies: from a helicopter to a horse and cart
    • Courtney Sabile
       
      This last section of the article best sums up the drastic contrast between the maternity care in Sweden and Niger.
    • Tori Mayeda
       
      What the lady from Sweden is going to experience is something that is realistic to me, But what the lady in Niger has to go through is unimaginable. I don't think i would want to have a child if the conditions were like that. They are definitely on opposite sides of the spectrum.   
    • Luke Gheta
       
      I find this comparison troblesome. The author of the website and the organization of, save the children, are framing an argument of two locations that are the best and worst places to bear a child. I ask the question why? Why would you want to construct an article about how different Niger mother-bearing is compared to Sweden. I could assume that most readers agree that there are problems in Niger that should be addressed. The cleaver ending " A tale of two pregancies: from a helicopter to a horse and cart" should not be the focus of this web-article. THE FRAMING IS ALL WRONG, I would advise the author or authors to express more solutions. Educations is the solution. Well is it? Education is the foundation but applying the skills is the " Different plant". Sweden learned how to reduce fatality rates of giving birth by learning from the past. While Niger is still living in the past. Conflicting time zones. Joanna Moorhead should have utilized her time efficently. Instead of tell a story that everyone already knows about. She should have helped the pregant women in Niger by getting the horses ready and pleading doctors in Sweden to donate there resourses in Niger. Know that would be time well spent.
  • I'll be able to phone the hospital with any worries and the midwives will come out to see me every day if I need them," she says.
    • Tatiana McCuaig
       
      This is the complete opposite of the situation that Dahara is in with her new born. Carmen has multiple resources available with simply a phone call, while Dahara has to solve any worries on her own or with the few resources in the village
    • jackmcfarland12
       
      In my sociology class we have been discussing the connections between social norms of genders and of different cultures. Whenever I picture a typical American childbirth i can always see the father nearby or helping in the delivery process, maybe even being one of the first to see the baby. In the Niger I guess the men see it as a totally female role until he can be used as labor, common in more underdeveloped communities.
  • placenta.
  • 16 Share
  • Niger is rated the world's poorest country by the UN. Around 14% of its under-fives are significantly malnourished (and in the aftermath of last year's crop shortage and in the face of another shortfall this year, that figure could soon be much worse). Less than half its population has access to safe water.
    • Devon Meredith
       
      I think that this whole passage is another reminder of how great our country is. Although our country has issues deciding welfare and we aren't usually thought of to be given as many free benefits as a third world country, when you go to a hospital you are guaranteed cleanliness, proper medicine, and also a higher percentage that you and your baby will survive the birthing process. I think this in itself is just another obvious reason why the United States of America is such a great place to live and the opportunity to take advantage of all these great services. 
  • But there is more to the horrors of Zinder. Many of the women who come here will have travelled long distances, often in agony, to reach the hospital
    • jeffrey hernandez
       
      transportation is a serious issue for the many who dont have access to medical services, a mobile heath service should be developed so everyone can receive proper care  
    • Kevin Olive
       
      This does not surprise me at all. I do not expect many nations in Africa to have great health care systems. It shows that some people are just less fortunate due to their surroundings and resources.
    • Edmund Garrett
       
      It is  simply a difference in resources and medical expertise. Sweden has more money and an intricate health care system. It not only is the best country to give birth, it also has declining mortality rates and a large elderly population.
    • Ryan Hamilton
       
      This highlights the global inequality between countries such as Niger and Sweden. And it is sad because unless there is some sort of outside help Niger is stuck in a kind of loop. Child birth will always be hard and more dangerous in a country like that unless update their infrastructure, which is almost impossible because of the lack of money. If you scale this down and look at singular countries we have the same types of inequality problems that we see on a world scale. Many times low income families are left with fewer opportunities just as poor countries are. It is unrealistic for first world countries to pour money into everything from infrastructure, education and medicine, but since our world is becoming smaller and smaller maybe it would be advantageous to help in at least one area. 
    • Sean McCarthy
       
      I agree with this point. This problem reminds me of the saying that you can give a man to fish and he can eat for one day, or you can teach the man to fish and he will always have food. there is a massive, widespread problem in Niger, as well as many other 'third world countries' that can't be fixed just by other governments supplying infrastructure or things of that nature. A widespread societal change is really necessary, but as to the best way to do that, that remains the question.
  • Dahara's husband has not been involved in the birth and is unlikely to play a big role in the early weeks with the baby
    • khampton44
       
      If the woman had just given birth then she will be tired and not fully healed especially if she did get all the medical help she would have needed during the birth. She needs her husband's help so much right now and the fact that he is not helping and he's not expected to help is really just sad and could be part of the reason the children are not getting enough at a young age.
    • Edmund Garrett
       
      Considering that women in Niger are materially disadvantaged, I wonder what one does for a means of entertainment? Maybe this would lead to a more births? (or at least combined with the lack of contraceptives)
    • Erick Sandoval
       
      Even though we are living on the same planet, ther are people who live on both sides of the spectrum, whether it be a healthy and sanitary life, or a filthy, hopeless one.
    • Karina DaSilva
       
      I think this really highlights the difference between privileged society and those who are not so privileged. The fact that there is both physical and cultural limitations placed on these women makes me wonder if this plays a direct role in their state. Not that it has to do with all of it of course, but it might be an important factor.  Either way, comparing the situations between Sweden and Niger, it really does make one think whether what is going on in Niger could be considered an extreme of how bias can have an indirect on the welfare of its people (example: women are often illiterate, yet there is a call for more educated midwives)
  • What is needed now is an emphasis on preventing deaths in babies, especially those in the early days and weeks of life.
    • Brandon White
       
      We can introduce as many medical technologies as possible, but what is really needed is a fundamental change in the thought of the mothers of Niger. In such a rural area, this is obviously not easy.  How can policy makers with an eye on international health make a shift towards prenatal and postnatal emphasis on health? In a country with isolated pockets of civilization are present, it is not possible to introduce a hospital or medical center that is in a convenient location for all mothers. This obviously creates an inherent inequality in these mother's ability to give birth to healthy children. The most that we can do is focus on education: As in, teaching these women the importance of vaccinations and sticking to a specific health-based regime.  We far too often underestimate the important of education on even items that, to us, seem to be common sense. Every culture is naive to certain aspects of other culture. And as strange as it sounds, it is worthwhile to try to make a fundamental changed in Nigerian culture to try emphasize health. 
  • Carmen's chance of dying as a result of childbirth over her lifetime is one in 29,800 (Dahara's, remember, was just one in seven). The risk of Tess dying in her first year is one in 333. In Sweden, 100% of births are attended by a skilled, trained midwife.
    • Kelsey Fratello
       
      The dramatic difference of these statistics is really sad. Losing a child is one of the hardest things things a parent has to go through. I personally know someone who lost a baby who was only 6 months old; the parents were so heart-broken for so long. In Niger, the mothers, as the fathers don't seem to be around during this time, have to go through this all the time. This is so depressing. 
    • Phillip Delgado
       
      All though the thirty eight year old woman has a great chance of having a healthy baby, a hundred years ago she most likely wouldn't have survived. It is amazing what modern medicine can do. 
  • Dahara pushes, pain creasing her sweating face, and then pushes again - and suddenly between her legs there is a little boy with the walnut features of newborns everywhere, and a mop of damp, dark hair. Insa gives a delighted squeal, but Dahara is still silent: as her baby is wrapped in a cloth, she turn
    • mgarciag
       
      I think that it is amazing that there is so much of a difference in medical care between countries such as Niger and Sweden.  It's like they are from a time hundreds of years before.  
  • Death is a real possibility for women who get into difficulties giving birth in Fardun Sofo: Zeinabou Abdou, the village's traditional birth attendant, has years of experience but no drugs and no equipment except for a packet of razor blades for cutting the umbilical cord.
    • Hayley Jensen
       
      I think this is a great example of how public policy implications in America can differ so greatly from those internationally. Sometimes it's hard for the American population to keep that in mind when getting up in arms about current issues in our society.
    • Shannon Wirawan
       
      This was a really interesting article. From the start of the Nigerian silence birth to reading about the wealthy living of Sweden, it really did hit me that this is actually happening around the world. It made me put a lot of things in perspective. This article was really interesting to me, because it showcased the extremes of child birth from two very different countries. Not only did this article make me kind of depressed, it also made me think about everything I have now.
  • Where Uppsala's hospital is white, clean, spacious and calm, Zinder's is dirty, cramped and chaotic. The corridors are crammed with dusty, ancient-looking equipment. There are open bins and swarms of flies in the quadrangle, and cats roam free. The paint is peeling, there is no air conditioning despite temperatures of 40C and more,
    • Amanda Garcia
       
      This is a nightmare. The state in which they are made to give life invites nothing but misery and the fear of death. The equipment and care (or lack thereof) that they are provided with is appalling. The entire process is terrifyingly dangerous; no human being should be made to accept these conditions. 
  • Because this boy is the fifth child Dahara has pushed into the world and of the others, only one is still alive.
    • Caitlin Fransen
       
      Only one is still alive? wow! did they die at birth or die sometime during there childhood? either way it shows the very poor living conditions are. Do they have a really low life expectancy age? 
  •  
    This lack of care available to Nigerians makes me wonder if they do not value human lives as more developed countries do. The men do not even believe that the women are worth the money to go to even a run-down hospital, and when babies die, it is such a common circumstance that it is not a big deal. Perhaps money is really hard to make in Nigeria, but life is priceless, isn't it?
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  •  
    Although this article is the sad truth, Niger is one of many countries with very similar beliefs and practices. It may be gut wrenching and very foreign to us; however, that way of life is all they know. A country like that does not change because the country as a whole does not want to change. The old Islamic and cultural traditions countries practice freeze them in history. The people not only are uneducated on the modern way of life, but lack the motivation to seek the knowledge to change their own way of life. That does not dismiss the horror women face in countries like Niger, I feel people from western cultures should do their best to help, but there is only so much the modern world can do to influence an entire way of life.
  •  
    I thought that this article was really interesting about the way that it explained some of the differences between childbirth in a technologically advanced nation and a third world nation. I think that it is unfortunate how some of these children in Niger are being born with the odds not really in their favor, but that is life. These mothers need to be more aware of what may happen to them or their children and you would think that maybe they would try to find a better site before they started the birthing process. I also thought that it was interesting how in the article, it explained how that in Sweden the health care is free, but what I would like to know is how do they get free health care because nothing in life comes free, someone is always picking up the tab.
  •  
    Global equity is an impossibility. This idea that Nigerian infants "deserve" the same degree of pre/post-natal care is unrealistic. Proficient medical care is essentially a luxury not a basic human right. The situation in Niger is horrific but unfortunately it's a grim fact that life simply isn't fair. Their are numerous problems in Niger and other third world countries that contribute to the poor quality of life and we (The U.S and/or philanthropic individuals) can not rectify all these problems nor is it our responsibility. I realize this sounds cold and unfeeling but I do not mean it that way.
  •  
    It is interesting knowing how different cultures and religions are comparing to ours. I was shocked reading that in Niger woman while having a baby don't make any noises. They suffer in pain and go through with it. Now a days in the hospitals besides getting pain killers and medicine the woman is free to complain and yell and do everything just o have a baby. America is a liberal country. In the poor countries woman usually get pregnant at a young age (15 or 16) and most of the people are not ready to be a parent for more then one child, but even for only one. It is a great responsibility and time consuming. I understand that there is only a 4% that people use contraception but the risk is high and it is not a joke to bring another human being to life. it must be difficult for Dahara seeing that her kids that she had before died and that the one that she has might or might not die. It must be a worse feeling loosing "your" human being or also aborting. I also found interesting the tradition that men don't play role in the in their child's life, they keep their distances. I would never want my husband to do that and my child to grow up without a male figure that will teach him/her new things, experiences. Another interesting fact that you can only get blood from relatives in the hospital if someone is dying or is sick and needs new blood. A good aspect that they have put in Niger is "Save the Children" which is where they take away health fees and therefore more poor people have a better chance of surviving. I agree on that the countries needs more trained midwives, well-equipped antenatal clinics to improve lives in these countries. Niger just needs help from richer countries because it is not a safe place and it is not a place to grow up a child. At the end of the article there is written "Ces't le vie", (it's life), like if it was normal that new born babies have to die from these mal treatments and diseases that in other countries could
Eric Arbuckle

Reconsiderations: John Rawls and Our Plural Nation - June 11, 2008 - The New York Sun - 6 views

shared by Eric Arbuckle on 10 Sep 11 - Cached
    • magen sanders
       
      though our country was based on freedom and equality this was set forth by white male protestant land owners. there can be a mutual respect when everyone can be objective about our country's greater good and what we need to do to accomplish that. but until then the reciprocity with batttle with the judgments of religion
  • Instead, they will constitute a realm of overlap among all the "comprehensive doctrines" in the envisaged society — at least all those that are "reasonable," by which Rawls means willing to respect the equal dignity of all citizens.
    • Tavish Dunn
       
      This refers to the idea of a universal moral grammar, where people have ideas about whether or not certain things are moral that exist across cultural and religious differences.
    • steve santos
       
      Whats interestring about the notion of a universal moral grammar is that it counter defines itself in a sense in that it is the notion that all societal and religious spheres of communal influence have a certain basis for conduct where it is not defined what it is that often connects them in that there is said to be a "right" way to go about looking at an issue when often times the double entendre in these comparisons of ideals that point out there is an appeal to both when there isn't a basis for a common ground to fulfill the obligations of one ideal fully to the expense of the other. an essential mutual agreement to disagree for the sake of being right over the other. for much conduct to be justifiable or condemnable
    • Gaby Ramirez Castorena
       
      while a governed people that is divided by differences in religion may bring the belief of an impossible stable and just society, i believe that it is possible. At the end of the day, how is this any different from divisions in political parties such as Democrats and Republicans? while issues do arise from these political differences, the country remains overall stable and just, so religion shouldn't prove to be all too different.
    • Sarah McKee
       
      Really all that it requires, like he said, is a positive starting point. If we believe it is possible than we can make it so.
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  • "[H]ow is it possible for there to exist over time a just and stable society of free and equal citizens who remain profoundly divided by reasonable religious, philosophical, and moral doctrines?"
    • John Buchanan
       
      I think for this to succeed - as it has in the United States for almost 250 years - feelings pertaining to nationalism, pride, and loyalty must precede those related to religiously held beliefs.
    • Jonathan Omokawa
       
      I do like the question posed in this quote because it is a question that really reaches to the core of our culture. I think that justice must precede all religiously held beliefs and feelings. Too many of our political choices are based on feelings, and for the country to run, it must be based on firmer understandings than feelings. Just because we feel that something is wrong, doesn't make it wrong. I guess on the same note, we can analyze what justice is. Is justice based on the feeling of equality ie. An eye for an eye?
  • many Americans began to worry that religious pressures were slowly distorting American institutions.
    • Sarah McKee
       
      Well even with the intent of having church and state be separate it's pretty impossible.
  • largely amoral and self-centered
    • Sarah McKee
       
      The Hobbes view on life.
    • alyssa Scheer
       
      although it would be nice to have an unbiased position in politics, there is no way however to have someone not know their wealth, class, race, or gender or anything listed. therefore i think his theory is extremely flawed 
    • Joshua Gray
       
      I don't believe the idea of politics in a republic or democracy is to come into an argument unbiased nor should it be. However, you should be able to debate theories and ideas with an open mind. Not criticizing others for what they chose to believe. The whole point of our government system is to have citizens come together and vote for a candidate who they belive will best handle their issues. Part of politics is attempting to get the government what you think would be best for you and hopefully sometimes your peers.
    • steve santos
       
      in this statement alone it shows the constructs for society in the sense that past the foundation of a sphere of thought can arise a newer notion and connection of old world ideals to the development and spread of them in the existential realm of modern society from faith basis to that of the developmental acceptance of multiple doctrines of thought
    • Amanda Power
       
      they have right to, expecially since a greater number of people beleiving in one common thing vote a certain way and thus laws that have a religious basis are passed.
    • Mike Frieda
       
      Religious pluralism can survive in a constitutional democracy of course. The question is whether growing fundamentalist installations of these religions, along with a more outspoken secular community, can maintain a peaceful coexistance. Peace might mean non-violence, but could also be seen as a lack of competition for funding, legislation, and protection under the law through otherwise unconstitutional means. 
  • Rawls believed that philosophy's contribution to politics ought to be made in this way. Abstract models of an ideal can be extremely valuable as targets on which to fix our attention, as we try to make the world that way, rather than its current way or some worse way.
    • Eric Arbuckle
       
      "If we ever forget that we are One Nation Under God, then we will be a nation gone under." -Ronald Reagan
  •  
    I feel that in many ways America has accomplished the goal the author discusses, but in many ways this goal needs work. It is almost impossible for this to have any level of success without a separation of church and state, but beyond that, many citizens tend to base their political standpoints on religious beliefs, which creates a complication.
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  •  
    It is tough to intermix religion with political freedom. In order to be a successful nation, these freedoms must continue to be kept separate.
  •  
    If policy was easy to figure out, there would neither be so many theories on it, nor debate. I believe that it was smart of Rawls to make his ideas abstract because in society, scenarios are constantly changing with the advent of new technologies and ways of living. Different people believe that life has different meanings, and the pursuit of all of them by all people may cause some to get in the way of others. A world in which everyone is able to pursue what their lives' meanings require of them can only exist in theory because it is impossible to satisfy everyone, especially since paradigms are so changeable.
  •  
    In America there always has to be conflicting beliefs in politics, morals, and justice. Rawls has a biased one sided belief in his own views of how America should be run. But that is what makes America so great, Rawls and Nussbaum are certainly permitted to voice their one sided opinion that there is only one way to run the country correctly. Thus, bringing on the far left of the Democratic Party. However, the far right of the Republican Party does the same thing with its own beliefs. Just like anything in life and in politics, there should be a happy medium. There should be a government and system in place that protects the core foundations of America, but brings forth new ideas involving modern times and the diversity of America.
Kim H

Patternicity: Finding Meaningful Patterns in Meaningless Noise: Scientific American - 7 views

  • They begin with the formula pb > c, where a belief may be held when the cost (c) of doing so is less than the probability (p) of the benefit (b). For example, believing that the rustle in the grass is a dangerous predator when it is only the wind does not cost much, but believing that a dangerous predator is the wind may cost an animal its life.
    • Gaby Ramirez Castorena
       
      The way the author explains this is very confusing. I feel like he could have, and should have, done a better job at making this more understandable.
    • Joshua Gray
       
      True, I believe the author could have done a better job and give greater evidence to prove the point. But I feel using any religion as an example works well for this. Believing in a supreme being and any religious rquirements there in are worth doing for a person because the negative effects of it are seemingly minimal while if the person is correct than they get to go to an afterlife that is percieved better than life on earth.
    • Sarah McKee
       
      I think the predator example is a good one but yes the religion example is good as well. It's all just that the cost is less than the chance of missing out on something. Because then the cost could be far greater. Such as getting eaten by a predator or missing out on Heaven. Hiding, or running away from good food or not indulging in lots of "sinful" activity seems a small price compared to getting eaten or spending eternity in hell.
    • Tavish Dunn
       
      I agree that the author's explanations could have been clearer, but the examples of religion and the predator still illustrate the point. No matter how difficult it seems to resist the temptation of things that are deemed sinful throughout life, life is still temporary and any hardships are insignificant compared to an eternal suffering in hell. Both examples have situations where the cost of not believing in something that is true are permanent while the cost of falsely believing something are temporary.
    • Valencia Hamilto
       
      The formula pb > c was a little confusing at first, but once the author gave the explanation through the example of the predator , it all fit into place. I agree with the author that the cost is less than the chance of missing out on something.
    • Alexis Schomer
       
      This idea is very interesting and after given the examples I agree. It is better to think something is real when it isn't that the opposite. This concept is not only applicable to nature, but to many issues in life and has the same meaning and lesson when applied to anything. 
    • Karina DaSilva
       
      Exactly. I think the analogy of the predator/wind is a pretty good description of how a lot of belief systems work. It's not a scare tactic so much as it is, at least partly, a reassurance of the future of one's self.
    • Carissa Faulk
       
      This is of course very true, and also makes sense. Not only does our sense of self preservation tend to believe patterns are true if the cost is less than the potential benefits, but so should our rationality. Even though it might be wise to question whether or not the pattern is actually a pattern, it is equally wise to assume it to be one until proven otherwise.
    • madison taylor
       
      It was an interesting article, but i agree it was a little difficult to understand at times. the idea that we can see and believe things that aren't true is valid. it is also a good point that we should be more rational about things.
  • Religionists see the Virgin Mary on the side of a building.
    • Felecia Russell
       
      This is true. We develop our own beliefs and justifications for why things happen or why they are the way they are. A person see Virgin Mary and another sees Micheal Jordan is just a connection to our inner beliefs. What makes it important to us? How do we put a face to something? It reminds me of precedents in court, because they are use to make future decisions. We make connections in our minds to explain certain things!
    • Joette Carini
       
      Like Felicia, I agree with this concept. It is a little bit of a complicated explanation because when we think of priming, we think of being influences on purpose by outside sources. But, seeing the Virgin Mary on the side of a building is not a certain religion telling that person to see her everywhere they go, so it is not an intentional priming. However, I do agree that we make certain connections with certain things because of our background and how we live. 
    • Jonathan Omokawa
       
      I think it might go deeper than being religious when someone sees the Virgin Mary on the side of a building. It does scratch the surface in the article when trying to explain the Type I and Type II cognizance. It is something that might be more emotionally attached to their psyche than anything else. Or it could be just superficial belief in the paranormal or superstitions.
  • and prior events
    • Sarah McKee
       
      If it's been a predator before you're more likely to think it's a predator. Whenever your right it provides a positive reinforcement.
    • Hayley Jensen
       
      I feel like this is just a living being's natural tenancy to favor safety over harm. It comes down to being prepared for the worst, which is, as the author would say, a natural selective attribute. Error on the side of caution clearly is statistically more beneficial than the other option. An animals prime instinct is to survive in order to reproduce. Humans have a responsibility to reproduce as well as to be productive members of society. Being more "cautious" allows people to contribute more and have experiences to benefit society as well as the people around them. I am not saying everyone lives for their country/community, but people choose to live because of the personal connections we make with others, and THAT is the cost we way, the benefits of this is what is considered in the equation.
    • Hayley Jensen
       
      The connection of this idea to the concept of inequality is that we use this concept to shape what policies we fight for and ones we don't care for. The policies that come at the greatest cost with a lesser benefit are the ones that people choose not to support. Policies with the greatest benefit with the least cost is more favorable. As far as believing false negatives/positives, these beliefs are based on hope (false positives) and lack of information/ignorance (false negatives).
  • ...19 more annotations...
    • Jacqueline Ramsay
       
      The things people watch and witness are going to be on their mind and more likely change the things he or she is watching for. For example, a person who has just watched a scary movie is more likely to hear footsteps or feel cool air against their neck even if there is nothing there. 
    • Amanda Power
       
      Exactly. The things that we experience cary through the day. We also like to come up with explinations to make things make more sense or even give them more value. Just as the Greek and Romans did when they told the tales of the Gods who did the things they could not other wise explain. An example being Helios who pulled the sun across the sky by charriot.
  • natural selection will favour strategies that make many incorrect causal associations in order to establish those that are essential for survival and reproduction
  • Why do people see faces in nature, interpret window stains as human figures, hear voices in random sounds generated by electronic devices or find conspiracies in the daily news?
    • nsamuelian
       
      I usually find myself making weird figures from the clouds in the sky. Once you start thinking about something or noticing something in your everyday life, you start seeing these figures everywhere you go. 
    • Tyler Schnorf
       
      ya i have noticed that too. we find familiar objects to us in other things when they are not even there. Our mind can see things that we are used to seeing in places where they arent
  • There is. I call it “patternicity,” or the tendency to find meaningful patterns in meaningless noise.
    • Mark Drach-Meinel
       
      I think that this is some sort of sense that is second nature to most people. We like to have order so sometimes someone might go to the extreme and try and find some sort of order in complete chaos.
    • Ryan Brown
       
      This is true and I like what mark said above...we are always trying to make order out of chaos...not sure why but that is what we always do,
    • Shannon Wirawan
       
      I agree. I guess that's why there is the saying, "Everything happens for a reason." We like to give reasons and meaning to life, to our everyday living. I think Mark was spot on in his comment. We like feeling in control of many situations in life, especially with the unexplainable. 
    • Justina Cooney
       
      I agree with everyone this makes sense. We are always trying to find the meaning in life so we constintly make patterns. I think that this author is correct in asserting that making patterns is natural and important and consequently there may be some truth in conspiracys for certain people.
    • Devin Milligan
       
      When i hear random noises, ofter there are certain tones that can make me think of a certain song. I usually turn random sounds into a song. Certain pitches can remind of certain melodies that i know. 
    • Sean McCarthy
       
      We're all correct and I'm proud of everyone's findings. There's not really much more to be said on this besides that it's true.. How that affects political policy and using it to the advantage of bettering society is what we need to figure out
    • Brandon Weger
       
      I think that we like for things to be relatable, we prefer to have things in common than to label it as the complete polar opposite of us, hence we see faces in windows and figures in clouds, and even sounds that make no sense we try to label as intelligible, because we want to have an understanding for our environment. We like patterns, because things remain constant that way, adapting to change is not really our favorite thing to do.
    • magen sanders
       
      in my english class as well we discussed how humans naturally make patterns to make stuff more simple and nderstand it more even if there is no pattern or relation. its called paradolia and we do it to simplify everything then make and find meaning in it. its a natural response and is seen as beneficial sometimes in order to understand things but can distort reality to make it understandable
    • Mike Frieda
       
      Michael Shermer is awesome and you all should definitely check out his books. I just finished reading "Why people believe weird things" and it was quite good. Shermer came and spoke at CLU last year for the SoCal leadership conference for the SSA - the video of that is available here if you are interested  http://www.youtube.com/user/SecularStudents?blend=1&ob=5#p/u/0/0kbHZ8sEwd0
  • A type I error, or a false positive, is believing something is real when it is not (finding a nonexistent pattern). A type II error, or a false negative, is not believing something is real when it is (not recognizing a real pattern—call it “apat­ternicity”).
  • . Thus, there would have been a beneficial selection for believing that most patterns are real.
    • Mike Frieda
       
      This is Shermer's main point. Because we have evolved to seek out patterns, and our survival rate tends to go up by accepting pattern outcomes as real, we are destined to believe things. This is why 'people believe weird things'. It is why we are susceptible to priming and why political story telling is so effective. 
    • Justina Cooney
       
      I agree, I think that this is an interesting point. When we typically think of conspiracy theorist we tend to picture some crazy person when in reality picking up on patterns that go deeper than what we are shown in the media might be an important survival instinct that has been lost because of stigma.
  • perience with pred
  • But such erroneous cognition is not likely to remove us from the gene pool and would therefore not have been selected against by evolution.
    • Brandon White
       
      Scientifically, this is really interesting. Although misconstruing the world around us can sometimes be seen as being a negative personality trait, evolution has determined that it is not one that is a "fatal" error or one that would inhibit growth. What we perceive in our own mind, in a way, can be negative or positive. Seeing things like the face of Jesus in a slice of toast may seem odd or crazy, but in a way it is refreshing to see different people interpreting the natural world in different ways. If we all saw the world the same, creativity would die.  Think about it: People thought Galileo was odd at first for looking at the universe differently, and now his ideas are accepted by almost all. 
  • Sometimes A really is connected to B; sometimes it is not
    • Tatiana McCuaig
       
      I know I have seen this countless times before, with people making connections between things that are completely unrelated. It seems that there is trouble with believing the simple answer, and feel that there needs to be a deeper meaning.
    • Edmund Garrett
       
      Or perhaps you connect point A with point B because point B holds specific significance to you. Like when people so 9/11 was a conspiracy. Maybe that person was dissatisfied with Bush and in order to justify his dislike for him needs to come up with a patternicity that supports his feeling.
    • Meghann Ellis
       
      I agree with Edmund. I think much that we decide with our brains has to do with importance/ significance to us. This might explain why people think that certain things are real when they aren't such as a type I error or vice versa with a type II error that believes something is false when it is really real. Humans emotions and feelings I feel make their argument make sense in their heads. 
    • Phillip Delgado
       
      i beleive that type II error, or a false negative would only make sense if the person had a mental disability. A lot of people who believe in things like UFOs known deep down that they are false. These people choose to not recognize real patterns, and by doing this in turn they are recognizing them.
  • I argue that our brains are belief engines: evolved pattern-recognition machines that connect the dots and create meaning out of the patterns that we think we see in nature.
    • jeffrey hernandez
       
      Ever since I was in pre-school I remember connecting the dots, it's something children have been taught and doing their whole life.
    • Courtney Sabile
       
      I agree with Shermer's argument. We humans do see things out of certain patterns. Such as finding shapes in the clouds or a monster from your window at night, when it really was a branch in the wind. I find it entertaining when people sell the image of the Virgin Mary on a piece of toast. These patterns fascinate our brains and link to creativity.
  • Paranormalists hear dead people speaking to them through a radio receiver.
    • Erick Sandoval
       
      Someone who claims they hear things can be because of past experiences that has had a great impact on them. I think experiences can influence what a person believes or doesn't believe. 
    • Nicolas Bianchi
       
      Absolutely it can.  People can be easily be molded not matter the circumstance
    • mgarciag
       
      I believe that the reason we see faces and other things in inanimate and amorphous objects is because either we are either searching way too hard (over analyzing) or just to accustomed to the object we are seeing.  Many of us see faces in random things and I believe that it is due to the fact that we deal with many faces each and every day.  And since we are not all clones, there is room for slight differences and changes so when we come across two spots and a sideways parentheses we associate it with a face.  
    • Quang Chu
       
      I think this is a very interesting article. This article reminds me of the story about a biologist and a businessman. They are walking together. Suddenly, the biologist hears the sound of an extremely rare insect that he hes been looking for a long time. The businessman does not hear anything. Later, the businessman hears a sound of a quarter just hits the ground. And of course, the biologist does not hear it. So i think it is very similar to this article because people can find things that they are interested in easier than things that they never want. By getting interested in something, the brain or our mind will create like a pattern inside, and it keeps telling and seeking from everything around us that might be related of what we are looking for or what we are interested in. 
    • Kevin Olive
       
      What it really comes down to is how the brain wants to interpret in coming information. For example, if you are a businessman you'll hear quarters or as in the article if you are a paranormalist you will hear dead people talking to you through the radio. How you interpret information is based according to your personality.
  • belief may be held when the cost (c) of doing so is less than the probability (p) of the benefit (b)
    • Amanda Garcia
       
      I couldn't comment on the highlight under this, but that's exactly what I thought of when I read this, Pascal's wager. It is true, if the cost of believing something is comparably better than not believing it and risking the consequences that you may be wrong, regardless of whether it is true or not, it may be advantageous to us that we've evolved this way. 
    • jackmcfarland12
       
      I really like this point. We are socialized at a young age to see things certain ways. Like a kid born and raised in feudal Japan would be a lot different that a kid born today in Britain. Seeing these patterns we are also trained at a primordial level to interpret them independent from what we are taught. Being educated by nature and society are two different things that come together to make our reality.
    • Kim H
       
      "pattern-recognition machines": I'm pretty sure we can all think of times when we've heard our named called out somewhere, but really someone just said something that sounded similar to our names. Our brains are constantly on alert, trying to make sense of the world around us. We feel comfortable with things we know, and so we try to fit new experiences into what we already know. This works like schemas. 
  •  
    I agree with Sarah because yes it was already a predator you are more inclined to think its a predator because thats all you've known it as.
  •  
    I like the predator example and feel it helped my understand the article better. How we see something and how we relate it to ourselves such as the Virgin Mary is very important. I also feel the cost is less than the chance of missing out in the long run.
  •  
    I find this information very interesting: Patternicity," or the tendency to find meaningful patterns in meaningless noise. It is also an error in cognition. Natural selection will favor patternicity. There are two types, or a false or a positive, believing something is real when it is not and believing something is real when it is. Our brains are belief engines: evolved pattern-recognition machines that connect the dots and create meaning out of the patterns that we think we see in nature.
Matt Nolan

Questions: The Story of Power (2:45 class) - 31 views

The people that gain power are either those who have the drive and the heart to become successful people, and who are willing to make sacrifices in order to become successful. The other type of peo...

Mike Frieda

Dan Dennett on dangerous memes | Video on TED.com - 0 views

    • John Buchanan
       
      This guy is reppin' a legit beard. And he sounds like Garrison Keillor.  Now that that's out of the way... I agree Mr. Dennett that there are memes out there that represent a clear and present danger to secular and free societies (i.e. radical Islam).  These need to be stamped out utilizing every military, intelligence, and media asset in our arsenal. However, there are other memes which are simply the product of our capitalist society, such as pornography and violent video games.  While these may be morally wrong to many people, I do not believe they necessarily pose any threat to society as a whole.  Rather, it is simply something that people may see as distasteful and choose to avoid.
    • Jonathan Omokawa
       
      In such cases as ideas, I don't think it possible to completely eradicate an idea. To quote a favorite movie of mine, "Ideas are bulletproof". As long as there is someone somewhere with radical ideas, it will never die and it can never be destroyed. Ideas spread faster than an epidemic and trying to terminate it will only make it stronger. If you try to destroy an idea, people begin to wonder why, and when you open their eyes to the idea, for some it will take hold.
    • Ryan Brown
       
      I got to agree with Jonathan, it is one of the many ideas from the movie Inception. Ideas are one of the most dangerous things there are. I feel like everything he said was from Inception it is all true of course an idea is something that is so dangerous, it can take over a country. Ideas can spread like something the world has never seen.
    • Melissa Moreno
       
      I agree with Jonathan. Despite the fact that you may want to eradicate a radical idea it is near impossible. It goes back to a persons free will. It is under their own free will that they chose to believe and support and idea. An idea is an intangible thing which makes it so dangerous. You cannot fight an enemy you cannot see so how do we expect to eradicate an intangible idea we cannot see or combat.
    • anonymous
       
      While free will and the way it affects how people feel about their ideas and the ideas of others is important to consider here, we must also understand the idea of a totalitarian ruler and mindset. You can't necessarily always change someone's beliefs, but these people are belief creators. They have the capability to spread ideas throughout a society using the bandwagon technique, and through doing so are able to pose one meme, or general feeling, upon an entire society.
    • Felecia Russell
       
      It is hard to convince people to change their minds. But people create their own ideas and the only way to change them is if it is relatable to them. I read a book that suggests that the only way people can be empathetic is if they are related to the problem or the issue. Because people are never empathetic unless they have a connection to the problem. We won't believe or support an idea, unless it is close to us.
    • Matt Nolan
       
      People create their own ideas based off information provided to them, what they do with that information is up to them. Some people turn information they have and make it into something else. Some people say they change their minds because of people in their life that have influenced them, I feel its more they have taken into consideration what they have learned and made the decision for themselves to change their mind.
    • Mike Frieda
       
      Just a quick note...first Shermer and now Dennett?!?  Dr. Marichal, you keep picking some of my favorite authors! 
  •  
    One statement from Mr. Dennett I agree with is, "we have to focus on the facts before we worry about the morality of problems." Well, what he said went something like that. Radical Islam is a meme that is becoming larger and more powerful consistently as our world moves forward. However, there is no clear way to solve the problem, or even slow it down. Military action sounds great on the surface, but there is always a new leader next in rank. And for every one we kill, dozens or even hundreds are persuaded into the unstoppable virus of radical Islam. As John said, we need to utilize every asset we have. And, I could not have said it better than John about the memes that do not pose any real threat to society as a whole.
  • ...4 more comments...
  •  
    I really like how Mr. Dennett makes the comparison between ideas and viruses (virii?). I agree that ideas are contagious and sometimes this can be a bad thing. But this can also be very good. Ideas of universal kindness can be spread by just having such an idea. Ideas and memes shape the world more than anybody can see without having an outside view on the big picture.
  •  
    Memes are fascinating! Like many other things we discussed in Public Policy, we also talked about this in Humanities Tutorial. Socrates said that some men are pregnant in body (meaning they reproduce through means of genetics), while others are pregnant in spirit (thereby begetting ideas, virtue, and wisdom). Mr. Dennett explained how spreading ideas are more powerful. This really separates humans from other animals, for they have the ability to influence so many through their ideas. This is more apparent now than ever before, with media and videos like Mr. Dennett's.
  •  
    "We're all responsible for just the intended effects of ideas but for their likely misuses." Dennett makes a solid point. We have to stay away from the misuses of valuable ideas. At about the seventh minute or so he explains that people tend to be scared of ideas and charcuterie them for one dire purpose or another. I completely agree with this theory. I think it's important to be confident in a valid useful idea and not deviate from it's positive effects. Therefor the memetic perspective that Dennett explains is clearly is a solution.
  •  
    I agree that memes are contagious because of the way we think about ideas. If someone has an idea that is an originial idea or thought, they think it is the greatest idea ever and if someone has a different idea then you most likely do not care for it. Many ideas could turn out to be bad over time. Mr. Dennett argued that as evolution continued to happen we the more memes that we thought of. As we all continue to grow, we will continue to have different ideas that get better and better.
  •  
    when he first began to talk about the ant and how there is a parasite making it suicidal i began to think about the movie the happening, when the plants release a toxin that does the same thing to the human brain. then humans present differeent ideas and fears that make the situation worse, they begin to do what Dennett is talking about they plant ideas in eachothers minds and take over and cause panic. people think they are in control but they really arent when these different ideas take hold
  •  
    Memes can be extremely contagious due to the effects of our ideas and the ideas we have. Ideas can be very dangerous at times, but could also be very influential. It really depends how we go about acting upon our ideas. He explained how spreading ideas is more powerful and I agree with Dennett. It really gives citizens all points of view and could sway or change peoples opinions.
Amanda Garcia

McAllen, Texas and the high cost of health care : The New Yorker - 4 views

  • In Washington, the aim of health-care reform is not just to extend medical coverage to everybody but also to bring costs under control.
    • Joette Carini
       
      I am not entirely sure if either of these are possible... they have been working on universal healthcare for some time, and there has been an ongoing fight against it. Beyond that, though, bringing costs under control is something that is so widely utilized will be very hard to do. I believe it is something that is much easier said than done.
    • Jonathan Omokawa
       
      I agree with Joette. I think the idea that it is legally mandated to pay for something that should be optional rubs a lot of people the wrong way. Especially those who can barely afford making ends meet. Another bill is not something that would be welcome.
    • Tavish Dunn
       
      I agree that it would be very difficult to implement universal healthcare. Many people do not see it as something that should be a required cost and fight against it. Part of the reason for fighting it is because it does not seem possible to control the cost. People with financial difficulties now would only face greater problems if another problem if the cost of healthcare was forced upon them.
    • nsamuelian
       
      I feel as if people have too much expectation in the US. Just as we all would want to have high aims and goals, there have always been controversy in our laws and regulations. in my opinion, we will always have healthcare cost issues.
    • Tyler Coville
       
      extending medical coverage and bring costs down are two counterintuitive things. How can you bring the cost of health care down while also telling the medical companies involved that you will cover all costs?
    • Sarah McKee
       
      This is one of those instances where the government is trying to say that it knows better than the people and I personally believe that they may be right. Though "forcing" health care on people may be a burden, those same people barely able to make ends meet won't be able to afford any sort of health aid if something happens to them or their family. Then where would they be, but I suppose I may be more overcautious than others.
    • Cameron Schroeck
       
      I agree that it is probably impossible to obtain both universal health care coverage and to manage the costs of it. I find it ironic how the people who complain about those who do not have health care are the same ones who strike down the affordable care act. This is because the act FORCES people to get medical coverage. Plain and simple, people hate anything that forces them to do something because they feel they have lost a degree of freedom. I question the financing that is supposed to make healthcare affordable for all.  
    • Carissa Faulk
       
      I understand that the government is just trying to help those who can't afford (or can't get) healthcare to avoid going into massive debt if they were to have some major medical emergency, but what I don't understand is how providing universal healthcare will bring down the costs at all. It seems to me that those are two disjoint goals. Perhaps, if the government were to focus on bringing down the costs, they wouldn't have to worry so much about making it universal?
    • Brandon White
       
      I agree with Carissa. I feel that instead of making everyone pay the cost, the government should work on making the cost itself cheaper so that everyone has the ability to pay for insurance on their own. This can be done through tort and malpractice reform, as well as other cost saving measures. This is kind of the Nozick theory that as long as the rules are fair (everyone has the ability to pay for insurance), then the system is fair.
    • khampton44
       
      To have both does not seem like it will not happen anytime soon.Making people get covered will not just imply solve the problem. And by having it be "affordable" does not mean everyone will rush out and go get it.
    • magen sanders
       
      considering they have such a low income and it is even lower than what their cost of healthcare is how is it that they even get this healthcare. i understand medicare takes care of it but how does that add up correctly. when they spend 3000 dollars more than the person earns to get them good healthcare. does expensive always mean good?
  • by far the most expensive in the world
    • Mike Frieda
       
      And yet we are ranked 37th in healthcare quality. 
    • Mike Frieda
       
      Yet we are ranked 37th in healthcare quality (according to WHO). However, countries like Morraco spend less (they are ranked 99th in spending) but have a greater quality of service (29th in quality) 
    • Sarah McKee
       
      Well is our health care expensive overall or per person because we do have a larger population than many countries in the world and yes I would like to know how the different health-cares of different countries are ranked.
  • ...17 more annotations...
  • in the past twenty years, he has done some eight thousand heart operations, which exhausts me just thinking about it
    • Mike Frieda
       
      More than 1 per day
    • jeffrey hernandez
       
      With doctors in such high demand there is no reason why doctors shouldn't request so much money. Lester Dyke a cardiac surgeon is on the run trying to keep up with all his patients, therefore his expertise is going to become very pricy with the huge demand. 
  • Was the explanation, then, that McAllen was providing unusually good health care?
  • Rich towns get the new school buildings, fire trucks, and roads, not to mention the better teachers and police officers and civil engineers. Poor towns don’t. But that rule doesn’t hold for health care.
    • Mike Frieda
       
      This is very anecdotal. Inner city hospitals are rarely as good as the one described here. Rural, middle america, hospitals are also often lacking in quality compared with the one described here. Not to mention the Mayo Clinic, UCLA medical center, NYU hospital, etc will always beat out small poor town centers. 
    • Jacqueline Ramsay
       
      I agree! We even read a different article about the lack of adequate health car during birth in some countries. Granted, that was also referring to a third world country rather than cities in America. 
    • Gaby Ramirez Castorena
       
      I also agree...i mean how believable does this even seem for his argument? It lacks credibility.
    • Finn Sukkestad
       
      I agree, this was not the case in Braddock, PA.  They are currently having trouble keeping the hospital open there despite being very close to Pittsburgh.  i am sure that is not the only place as pointed out by the posts above.
  • I was impressed. The place had virtually all the technology that you’d find at Harvard and Stanford and the Mayo Clinic, and, as I walked through that hospital on a dusty road in South Texas, this struck me as a remarkable thing
    • Felecia Russell
       
      This makes sense.Hispanic Americans tend to have less insurance coverage than white Americans and receive less regular medical care. The level of insurance coverage is directly correlated with the level of access to healthcare including preventative and ambulatory care.Because most minorities are without insurance, they are most likely to not have medical care, and are unable to provide themselves with prescriptions medicine. It is no secret that minority groups have insurance coverage at a lower rate than whites determined by income and welfare. Because of the high cost, many families have cancelled their insurance and now pay out of their pockets; meaning they only go to the doctor when there is an obvious sickness. Like, Mike Freida highlighted, the rich towns have the things they need and the poor dont. Why is that?
  • Spending on doctors, hospitals, drugs, and the like now consumes more than one of every six dollars we earn. The financial burden has damaged the global competitiveness of American businesses and bankrupted millions of families, even those with insurance. It’s also devouring our government. “The greatest threat to America’s fiscal health is not Social Security,” President Barack Obama said in a March speech at the White House. “It’s not the investments that we’ve made to rescue our economy during this crisis. By a wide margin, the biggest threat to our nation’s balance sheet is the skyrocketing cost of health care. It’s not even close.”
    • Gaby Ramirez Castorena
       
      I really agree with this statement- while the country is facing several problems such as a bad economy, immigration, etc, health is one of the main necessary and important things in/for life. When it comes to the point where getting care for your health/health conditions is almost unattainable (money wise), when you can't afford to be healthy, then you know that the country is having problems.
    • Mark Drach-Meinel
       
      I agree with Gaby here. Health is a very important commodity. Going by Maslow's hierarchy of needs, health is one of the more important aspects for comfortably living. If it is so important, then why is it so hard to obtain?
    • Nancy Camarillo
       
      This is an ongoing issue. Our health care is the most expensive in the world, yet our healthcare system doesn't reflect it. We do not see the "benefit" of such an expensive system where having an insurance plan doesn't guarantee that we will have all our health care needs covered.  This has become an enormous problem that ultimately effects other aspects of our society i.e. our economy. 
  • It was easy to see what had landed them under his knife. They were nearly all obese or diabetic or both. Many had a family history of heart disease. Few were taking preventive measures, such as cholesterol-lowering drugs, which, studies indicate, would have obviated surgery for up to half of them.
    • Sarah McKee
       
      I suppose this a good reason against health care. These people don't take care of themselves, forcing other people's tax dollars to cover their health costs. They are the reason people are against a good idea. Because health care is smart and a good idea if no one is taking advantage of it, such as these people.
    • Lauren Dudley
       
      I agree this is one reason why people are against setting up a national plan as they do not want to take care of other people with their earned money, especially when people do not take care of themselves and it leads to having to need healthcare in the first place.
    • Alexis Schomer
       
      These people are disrespecting the system and their country. If they changed simple aspect of their lifestyle, such as sodium ad sugar intake, they would significantly reduce the amount of medical attention they need. People like this should not be allowed to rely on health care because they are lazy and choose to be unhealthy. Healthcare should be used for the individuals who need it, not who chose to be sick and use other people's money. 
    • Devon Meredith
       
      I think all of this is true. Healthcare should have it's greatest emphasis on people who are suffering from diseases that could not have been prevented, like cancer. Yes, diabetes can come from family history and not just from having to great of a sugar intake, but if they were not evening taking any preventive measures then it changes the whole jist of the situation. 
    • Sarah Marroquin
       
      I think that the people in McAllen are taking advantage of the health care and they kind of deserve to have high health insurance rates
    • Kelsey Fratello
       
      I also agree that it doesn't seem fair, like Lauren said, that people's hard earned money should go to people who are being lazy about their health. If people aren't exercising or eating healthy, then it seems unfair. Now I agree that healthcare should be used for those people who are sick and are either working really hard to become healthy again, or who are in a situation where there is not much that they can do with their situation. When it comes to diabetes, type 2 can go away if you change your lifestyle habits, but you have to be active about it. Having said that healthcare should be used for those who really need it, I think that may be a bit difficult when it comes to actually determining the specific people that it should and shouldn't go to.
  • McAllen has another distinction, too: it is one of the most expensive health-care markets in the country.
    • Kayla Sawoski
       
      Healthcare in McAllen is very expensive. Why would you go somewhere to pay for higher healthcare? Why wouldn't you just go to get cheaper healthcare? Is the care better? Is the care worse? These are all issues we are having to deal with. I think that all healthcare prices should stay the same throughout. If all healthcare prices stayed at a steady rate, people would know what they want and how to get it. Healthcare is a topic that has remained in discussion for many years. We must find a solution together. 
  • An unhealthy population couldn’t possibly be the reason that McAllen’s health-care costs are so high.
    • Shannon Wirawan
       
      It is maybe not the main reason, but it is probably one of the top reasons. McAllen's health-care seems to have their costs so high to make profits from the large amount of people who have health problems.
    • Amanda Garcia
       
      I can't argue with that^. It's a big state with a huge population, and unhealthy living habits of its residents can't be helping the situation its in with health care costs. But then again, there are unhealthy people all over the country with the same habits, so it can't be all that's contributing to the problem.
    • Erick Sandoval
       
      Sounds like a very nice hospital to me. It leaves me thinking, however, because McAllen has the lowest household income in the country. 
  • Yet public-health statistics show that cardiovascular-disease rates in the county are actually lower than average, probably because its smoking rates are quite low. Rates of asthma, H.I.V., infant mortality, cancer, and injury are lower, too. El Paso County, eight hundred miles up the border, has essentially the same demographics.
    • Dana Sacca
       
      If the area is generally healthier why would they have such high health care costs? Shouldn't they be lower because not many people really need them
  • “Just look around,” the cadet said. “People are not healthy here.” McAllen, with its high poverty rate, has an incidence of heavy drinking sixty per cent higher than the national average. And the Tex-Mex diet has contributed to a thirty-eight-per-cent obesity rate
    • Caitlin Fransen
       
      For how high high their health care market it is... it is ridiculous to think that the people their are unhealthy. The high health care expenses are attributing to their high drinking rates and their unhealthy diets. 
    • Nicolas Bianchi
       
      For some reason I can't comment on the highlighted portion.  I agree that the deficit and healthcare go hand in hand.  They are not separate.  If they were separate, we would have much bigger problems.
    • Phillip Delgado
       
      our healthcare cost more then everyother country because America has a much higher standerd of living. the individual person has more money here. To compare the two is wrong.
  • Spending on doctors, hospitals, drugs, and the like now consumes more than one of every six dollars we earn.
    • Devin Milligan
       
      why should people be spending this much money on health care? i think that the government takes too much of peoples money and spends it in correctly. I think the budget just needs to be redirected, and i think that government should stop increasing taxes.
    • Ashley Mehrens
       
      I agree here. The idea of providing healthcare is necessary, but having the large amount of money solely directed towards it is unnecessary. The governments spending is obviously controversial, but it still has to happen. People who say that we should do different things often don't actually perform full information searched to determine the actual benefits of the spending we have now. Phrasing this spending as one of every six dollars seems ridiculous, but is it really? Without full investigating to the topic and knowing everything about it, we can not make the strong statements that we tend to make.
    • Justina Cooney
       
      I think that this is a great point as well. Having a mother that has worked in the health care system for the past 25 years I have been hearing for years about the impact of health care costs and how it affects this country. I think with this knowledge it is obvious that our health care system is in desperate need for a reform.
  • But that rule doesn’t hold for health care.
    • Justina Cooney
       
      I do not think this is true in a large portion of impoverished areas. This situation, in my experience, may be more of an exeption.
  •  
    I'm led to believe that reining in costs on medical care is possible, but that under our current political situation that there will be no major push to alter our methods in delivering health care to people and so it simply won't occur. There would have to be a major push and it would require enourmous amounts of support and those politicians would still be fearfull of political ramifications from the senior citizens who benefit greatly from these services.
  •  
    People are trying to impose universal healthcare, but there are so many people who can't afford it because it is very expensive. They don't even have enough for saving their own money. Healthcare is something important to have because if anything happens to families, they cant take care of it, but unfortunately, people nowadays especially with the bad economic crisis, will only face bigger problems, also with paying taxes.
  •  
    I thought that it was not necessarily the goal to reform the health care system in order to extend it to all citizens. I thought the money involved was more of the issue (at least for republicans) I doubt all republicans want extend mandatory healthcare upon everybody, especially if they don't want to pay for it.
Andrew Rothans

Discussion Questions- October 28th, 2011- Ryan Brown - 16 views

Evolution has changed our "killing behavior". As we grew and evolved our morals changed and we learned more of what is right and wrong. Changing your environment would have the greatest impact, b...

Andrew Rothans

Discussion Questions for Friday - 15 views

I believe violence will reduce and crime rates will go down, as they have been in the past years. I do not believe we will become savages one day we will always have our morals and never relapse t...

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