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Technology Integration: A six-pronged approach

Gamification is the "use of game design elements in non-game contexts"  (Deterding et al, 2011, p.1). A frequently used model for gamification is to equate an  activity in the non-game context with points and have external rewards for reaching  specified point thresholds. One significant problem with this model of gamification is that  it can reduce the internal motivation that the user has for the activity, as it replaces  internal motivation with external motivation. If, however, the game design elements can  be made meaningful to the user through information, then internal motivation can be  improved as there is less need to emphasize external rewards. This paper introduces the  concept of meaningful gamification through a user-centered exploration of theories  behind organismic integration theory, situational relevance, situated motivational  affordance, universal design for learning, and player-generated content.