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Extensions: This activity connects science with music (sound waves). Adaptations: Gifted students can adjust the musical notes that are created by adding more or less water to each glass or create a musical tune.  Have ESL and Special Ed students give a thumbs up or down if sound is higher or lower in pitch and show why.  Do this activity in small groups to help with learning. 

Can make low-ability students only separate a into two or three categories. While have high-ability students separate into more than 4 categories and possibly add names to leaves or categories. 

1.1.1 Use all senses as appropriate to identify the component parts of objects and the materials from which they are made. Differentiation: For students with learning disabilities, coming up with the words to describe what their senses are communicating to them can be very difficult.  Writing down their experience can be even more difficult.  Instead, allow students to draw what they think they are tasting and pictures to represent certain adjectives such as 'sweet'.

5.1.2 "Describe the difference between weight and mass. Understand that weight is dependent on gravity and mass is the amount of matter in a given substance or material."

Extension: After completing the experiment with oil and water, students could experiment with other liquids and make a hypothesis whether or not the density of the two liquids will be the same or different.

SC.3.3 2000 - The Physical SettingStudents observe changes of the Earth and sky. They continue to explore the concepts of energy and motion.SC.3.3.1 2000Observe and describe the apparent motion of the sun and moon over a time span of one day.

When doing an assessment vary questions asked to help them remain successful. Most students should have no problems assembling the sandwich. If the noise does not agree with a student, consider making another instrument, like a drum to keep them involved. 

2.2.1 "Observe, describe and measure ways in which the properties of a sample of water (including volume) change or stay the same as the water is heated and cooled and then transformed into different states." This activity can be modified for ELL students by having them record drawings during each observation, rather than writing the words for their observations. This would be a great activity for drawing, because each state looks so much different than the others (solid, liquid, and gas). This activity can be adjusted for older grades by having the students do the same activity with predictions at the beginning of the experiment about what they believe will happen. These students could also make other predictions about other types of matter that would react in the same way the juice ice did. For further exploration, these students could then test their hypothesis regarding other objects and their state of matter.

3.1.2 "Investigate how the loudness and pitch of sound changes when the rate of vibrations changes." This activity can be used with ELL students by having them do the activity while saying a variety of words that they need to practice learning. These words could be said in Spanish and English, both. This is a great way to use this activity in a way that is meaningful for those students. This activity can also be used with older ages by having the students record their predictions about what will happen if they use a louder voice, or a deeper pitch with the sound. The students could then compare their results with other students in the class.

2.1.1. "Observe, describe and measure ways in which the properties of a sample of water (including volume) change or stay the same as the water is heated and cooled and then transformed into different states."

This activity can be used as a cross-curricular activity as well; the teacher can require the students to use a certain number of adjectives to describe the states of the water.

3.2.1. "Examine the physical properties of rock samples and sort them into categories based on size using simple tools such as sieves." 3.2.2 "Observe the detailed characteristics of rocks and minerals. Identify rocks as being composed of different combinations of minerals."

There are a ton of resources for extension activities with this unit on this site. This is a hands-on approach to rock and mineral exploration.

For a an extension to this activity students could drop the ball from three predetermined heights, record the height of the first bounce, and then predict the height of the first bounce for a fourth starting height.

This experiment can lead nicely into a social studies unit about the importance of water to human communities.  It could also be used as a starting point for a discussion of how scarcity affects price.