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"Close Reading and Argument Writing - Authentically Across the Curriculum 7/16/2015 0 Comments Close reading of informational texts and non-fiction articles is not - and should not be - reserved for language arts classes. Every content area would be immensely enhanced if science teachers, social studies teachers, physical education teachers, welding teachers, woodworking teachers (in other words, "all technical subjects," as Common Core states) would not push aside the textbook, but instead embrace it, along with content area and trade articles. Students would then simultaneously learn how to dissect the readings while gaining knowledge in these content areas. What often happens is that teachers feel that students can't handle the text books or can't read the articles independently - and often that is true. However, when teachers instead go into a survival mode, of sorts, and read aloud the whole chapter or article or summarize it with a slideshow, it ends up doing a disservice to students - students are not learning HOW to read these complex texts. They are not learning how to acquire the information on their own. They are not being given the skills to read the sometimes intricate information within a particular content area or even within their possible future trade. They are not being given the opportunity to read, understand, articulate, and discuss or even debate topics within their area of study. Teachers sometimes feel that they can't do these things with students because they are not language arts teachers, or because they don't have time, or simply because they don't know how. Alternatively, a simple solution is to let go of the control and let students do…..with the guidance called close reading. Close reading is a guided reading approach. It is guided because 1) the close reading strategy is reserved for complex texts that are often too high for students to be left with independently and 2) students don't use close reading strateg

1) the ways they currently implement Twitter in their teaching and learning, 2) ideas for future development of Twitter-based assignments and pedagogical practices, and 3) issues concerning the integration of Twitter and other digital media into both traditional and non-traditional pedagogies. Collaborators should feel free to add material to these pages, to comment on existing material, and to share links to relevant external readings and resources. It may be helpful to tag your contributions with your Twitter handle. Collaborators are asked to please respect this space as a forum for open and respectful dialogue and networking. Let's fill up the pages below with great ideas!  Share the ways you currently implement Twitter in your teaching and learning: Students in my course New Information Technologies do an "Internet Censorship" project, focused on a specific country. I ask them to follow a journalist who tweets on that country as part of their research to understand the state of Internet freedom in the country they select. -- Lora Since shortly after Twitter was launched, I've experimented with various iterations of "The Twitter Essay," an assignment that has students considering the nature of the "essay" as a medium and how they might do that work within the space of 140 characters. -- Jesse (@Jessifer) In my fully online classes, I've started using Twitter to replace the discussion forum as the central location for student interaction. -- Jesse (@Jessifer) Show Tweets that have gotten people arrested and prompt discussion on whether it is fair that anyone be arrested for any Tweet in the US, who is likely to be arrested for their Tweets, what kinds of Tweets are likely to prompt arrest, etc. Students in my First Year Seminar course "The Irish Imagination: Yeats to Bono" developed a platform for digital annotation of Irish literature. Embedded in their platform was a twitter feed of relevant individuals/groups, m

1) the ways they currently implement Twitter in their teaching and learning, 2) ideas for future development of Twitter-based assignments and pedagogical practices, and 3) issues concerning the integration of Twitter and other digital media into both traditional and non-traditional pedagogies. Collaborators should feel free to add material to these pages, to comment on existing material, and to share links to relevant external readings and resources. It may be helpful to tag your contributions with your Twitter handle. Collaborators are asked to please respect this space as a forum for open and respectful dialogue and networking. Let's fill up the pages below with great ideas!  Share the ways you currently implement Twitter in your teaching and learning: Students in my course New Information Technologies do an "Internet Censorship" project, focused on a specific country. I ask them to follow a journalist who tweets on that country as part of their research to understand the state of Internet freedom in the country they select. -- Lora Since shortly after Twitter was launched, I've experimented with various iterations of "The Twitter Essay," an assignment that has students considering the nature of the "essay" as a medium and how they might do that work within the space of 140 characters. -- Jesse (@Jessifer) In my fully online classes, I've started using Twitter to replace the discussion forum as the central location for student interaction. -- Jesse (@Jessifer) Show Tweets that have gotten people arrested and prompt discussion on whether it is fair that anyone be arrested for any Tweet in the US, who is likely to be arrested for their Tweets, what kinds of Tweets are likely to prompt arrest, etc. Students in my First Year Seminar course "The Irish Imagination: Yeats to Bono" developed a platform for digital annotation of Irish literature. Embedded in their platform was a twitter feed of relevant individuals/groups, m

"This book YOUNG & CREATIVE - Digital Technologies Empowering Children in Everyday Life aims to catch different examples where children and youth have been active and creative by their own initiative, driven by intrinsic motivation, personal interests and peer relations. We want to show the opportunities of digital technologies for creative processes of children and young people. The access to digital technology and its growing convergence has allowed young people to experiment active roles as cultural producers. Participation becomes a keyword when "consumers take media into their own hands". Digital technologies offer the potential of different forms of participatory media culture, and finally creative practices. YOUNG and CREATIVE is a mix of research articles, interviews and case studies. The target audience of this book is students, professionals and researchers working in the field of education, communication, children and youth studies, new literacy studies and media and information literacy."

"Burden of Poverty Lacking money or time can lead one to make poorer decisions, possibly because poverty imposes a cognitive load that saps attention and reduces effort. Mani et al. (p. 976; see the Perspective by Vohs) gathered evidence from shoppers in a New Jersey mall and from farmers in Tamil Nadu, India. They found that considering a projected financial decision, such as how to pay for a car repair, affects people's performance on unrelated spatial and reasoning tasks. Lower-income individuals performed poorly if the repairs were expensive but did fine if the cost was low, whereas higher-income individuals performed well in both conditions, as if the projected financial burden imposed no cognitive pressure. Similarly, the sugarcane farmers from Tamil Nadu performed these tasks better after harvest than before. Abstract The poor often behave in less capable ways, which can further perpetuate poverty. We hypothesize that poverty directly impedes cognitive function and present two studies that test this hypothesis. First, we experimentally induced thoughts about finances and found that this reduces cognitive performance among poor but not in well-off participants. Second, we examined the cognitive function of farmers over the planting cycle. We found that the same farmer shows diminished cognitive performance before harvest, when poor, as compared with after harvest, when rich. This cannot be explained by differences in time available, nutrition, or work effort. Nor can it be explained with stress: Although farmers do show more stress before harvest, that does not account for diminished cognitive performance. Instead, it appears that poverty itself reduces cognitive capacity. We suggest that this is because poverty-related concerns consume mental resources, leaving less for other tasks. These data provide a previously unexamined perspective and help explain a spectrum of behaviors among the poor. We discuss some implications for poverty policy."

"Burden of Poverty Lacking money or time can lead one to make poorer decisions, possibly because poverty imposes a cognitive load that saps attention and reduces effort. Mani et al. (p. 976; see the Perspective by Vohs) gathered evidence from shoppers in a New Jersey mall and from farmers in Tamil Nadu, India. They found that considering a projected financial decision, such as how to pay for a car repair, affects people's performance on unrelated spatial and reasoning tasks. Lower-income individuals performed poorly if the repairs were expensive but did fine if the cost was low, whereas higher-income individuals performed well in both conditions, as if the projected financial burden imposed no cognitive pressure. Similarly, the sugarcane farmers from Tamil Nadu performed these tasks better after harvest than before. Abstract The poor often behave in less capable ways, which can further perpetuate poverty. We hypothesize that poverty directly impedes cognitive function and present two studies that test this hypothesis. First, we experimentally induced thoughts about finances and found that this reduces cognitive performance among poor but not in well-off participants. Second, we examined the cognitive function of farmers over the planting cycle. We found that the same farmer shows diminished cognitive performance before harvest, when poor, as compared with after harvest, when rich. This cannot be explained by differences in time available, nutrition, or work effort. Nor can it be explained with stress: Although farmers do show more stress before harvest, that does not account for diminished cognitive performance. Instead, it appears that poverty itself reduces cognitive capacity. We suggest that this is because poverty-related concerns consume mental resources, leaving less for other tasks. These data provide a previously unexamined perspective and help explain a spectrum of behaviors among the poor. We discuss some implications for poverty policy."

"Drained fertile peatlands around the globe are hotspots for the atmospheric emission of laughing-gas -- a powerful greenhouse gas called nitrous oxide, which is partly responsible for global warming and destruction of the ozone layer, a new study shows. Research into natural peatlands such as fens, swamps and bogs, as well as drained peatlands, found that either draining wet soils or irrigating well drained soils boosts the emission of nitrous oxide significantly. Led by researchers at the University of Birmingham and the University of Tartu, Estonia, the study took in 58 peatland sites around the world. These included locations in the United States, Australia, Brazil, South America, Australia, New Zealand, East Africa, Southeast Asia, Siberia and Europe."

"Back in the 1980s, a group of social workers in Jamaica visited low-income homes one hour a week for two years, bearing age-appropriate toys for the kids and advice on child rearing for the parents. Researchers tracked the outcomes, and a generation later, the results are in. The children whose homes were visited by social workers became adults who earn wages that are 25 percent higher than those earned by peers who had not been visited. Their I.Q.s are an average seven points higher, and they are less likely to resort to crime or suffer from depression. Other studies, including several recent ones in the United States, have shown similar results, contributing to a consensus on the importance of early childhood development that has led governments around the world to increase spending on the first five years of life. In Latin America and the Caribbean, a region of longstanding social and economic inequality, several countries have been especially ambitious. Brazil and Chile doubled the coverage of day care services over the past decade, while in Ecuador they grew sixfold. These investments build on historic gains in child nutrition and health. But while Latin American children are now healthier and more likely to attend preschool, they still lag far behind in learning, particularly in the areas of language and cognition, when compared with their counterparts in wealthy countries. What are we doing wrong? ..."

"Back in the 1980s, a group of social workers in Jamaica visited low-income homes one hour a week for two years, bearing age-appropriate toys for the kids and advice on child rearing for the parents. Researchers tracked the outcomes, and a generation later, the results are in. The children whose homes were visited by social workers became adults who earn wages that are 25 percent higher than those earned by peers who had not been visited. Their I.Q.s are an average seven points higher, and they are less likely to resort to crime or suffer from depression. Other studies, including several recent ones in the United States, have shown similar results, contributing to a consensus on the importance of early childhood development that has led governments around the world to increase spending on the first five years of life. In Latin America and the Caribbean, a region of longstanding social and economic inequality, several countries have been especially ambitious. Brazil and Chile doubled the coverage of day care services over the past decade, while in Ecuador they grew sixfold. These investments build on historic gains in child nutrition and health. But while Latin American children are now healthier and more likely to attend preschool, they still lag far behind in learning, particularly in the areas of language and cognition, when compared with their counterparts in wealthy countries. What are we doing wrong? ..."

Hoot.Me: Switch Facebook into study mode

"Call it counterintuitive clickbait if you must, but Forbes' Pascal-Emmanuel Gobry made an intriguing argument when he granted the title of "Language of the Future" to French, of all tongues. "French isn't mostly spoken by French people and hasn't been for a long time now," he admits," but "the language is growing fast, and growing in the fastest-growing areas of the world, particularly sub-Saharan Africa. The latest projection is that French will be spoken by 750 million people by 2050. One study "even suggests that by that time, French could be the most-spoken language in the world, ahead of English and even Mandarin." I don't know about you, but I can never believe in any wave of the future without a traceable past. But the French language has one, of course, and a long and storied one at that. You see it visualized in the information graphic above (also available in suitable-for-framing prints!) created by Minna Sundberg, author of the webcomic Stand Still. Stay Silent. "When linguists talk about the historical relationship between languages, they use a tree metaphor," writes Mental Floss' Arika Okrent. "An ancient source (say, Indo-European) has various branches (e.g., Romance, Germanic), which themselves have branches (West Germanic, North Germanic), which feed into specific languages (Swedish, Danish, Norwegian)." Sundberg takes this tree metaphor to a delightfully lavish extreme, tracing, say, how Indo-European linguistic roots sprouted a variety of modern-day living languages including Hindi, Portuguese, Russian, Italian - and, of course, our Language of the Future. The size of the branches and bunches of leaves represent the number of speakers of each language at different times: the likes of English and Spanish have sprouted into mighty vegetative clusters, while others, like, Swedish, Dutch, and Punjabi, assert a more local dominance over their own, separately grown regional branches. Will French's now-modest leaves one day cast a shadow over the w

"Call it counterintuitive clickbait if you must, but Forbes' Pascal-Emmanuel Gobry made an intriguing argument when he granted the title of "Language of the Future" to French, of all tongues. "French isn't mostly spoken by French people and hasn't been for a long time now," he admits," but "the language is growing fast, and growing in the fastest-growing areas of the world, particularly sub-Saharan Africa. The latest projection is that French will be spoken by 750 million people by 2050. One study "even suggests that by that time, French could be the most-spoken language in the world, ahead of English and even Mandarin." I don't know about you, but I can never believe in any wave of the future without a traceable past. But the French language has one, of course, and a long and storied one at that. You see it visualized in the information graphic above (also available in suitable-for-framing prints!) created by Minna Sundberg, author of the webcomic Stand Still. Stay Silent. "When linguists talk about the historical relationship between languages, they use a tree metaphor," writes Mental Floss' Arika Okrent. "An ancient source (say, Indo-European) has various branches (e.g., Romance, Germanic), which themselves have branches (West Germanic, North Germanic), which feed into specific languages (Swedish, Danish, Norwegian)." Sundberg takes this tree metaphor to a delightfully lavish extreme, tracing, say, how Indo-European linguistic roots sprouted a variety of modern-day living languages including Hindi, Portuguese, Russian, Italian - and, of course, our Language of the Future. The size of the branches and bunches of leaves represent the number of speakers of each language at different times: the likes of English and Spanish have sprouted into mighty vegetative clusters, while others, like, Swedish, Dutch, and Punjabi, assert a more local dominance over their own, separately grown regional branches. Will French's now-modest leaves one day cast a shadow over the w

"Abstract Many people believe renewable energy sources to be capable of substituting fossil or nuclear energy. However there exist very few scientifically sound studies, which apply due diligence to substantiating this impression. In the present paper, the case of photovoltaic power sources in regions of moderate insolation is analysed critically by using the concept of Energy Return on Energy Invested (ERoEI, also called EROI). But the methodology for calculating the ERoEI differs greatly from author-to-author. The main differences between solar PV Systems are between the current ERoEI and what is called the extended ERoEI (ERoEI EXT). The current methodology recommended by the International Energy Agency is not strictly applicable for comparing photovoltaic (PV) power generation with other systems. The main reasons are due to the fact that on one hand, solar electricity is very material-intensive, labour-intensive and capital-intensive and on the other hand the solar radiation exhibits a rather low power density."

"This article analyzes teacher strikes in Argentina during 2006-2012. It stands out how teacher strikes prevail over claims from other unions, and are shown to be relevant events for education policy just for some provinces and only for public schools. We found that none of the policy measures implemented over the last decade has proven to be effective in reducing conflict. Analyzing a dataset on labour unrest, this study builds an index of teacher labour conflict to better understand the evolution of teacher strikes over time and under the various provincial governments that integrate the Argentinian federal education system. The article shows no correlation between teacher labour unrest and the growth of private enrolment. However, we note that despite the lack of statistical correlation, teacher strikes should not be ruled out as an explanatory variable of the increase in private education in Argentina."

"Estudio de caso: Creando la plataforma "AMK Pro" WordPress amk-pro Hace unas semanas escribí un estudio de caso acerca de cómo creé la plataforma AMK Pro, en la cual se publican mis cursos y lo envíe a WooThemes dado que sus productos juegan un rol muy relevante. Después de algunos correos de ida y vuelta con ideas y mejoras al artículo, ayer finalmente fue publicado en su blog. Puedes visitarlo en el siguiente enlace: Sensei Case Study: Creating the AMK Pro Platform Soy un verdadero admirador del trabajo que realizan en WooThemes y es un honor ver mi artículo publicado en su blog. Debo agradecer a mi amigo (y ex profesor de inglés) Francisco Larco, quien me ayudó con la traducción. A continuación, encontrarás una versión en español del artículo:"

"Bueno: manual de supervivencia universitaria de Lauty. Mi aval (a Bal) es: sobreviví tres carreras universitarias en la universidad más precaria, difícil y amada del país (la UADER) cursando 11 horas sin edificio propio y hoy soy docente adscripto. Ahí va: 1. Llevá tu propio equipo de mate. Siempre. No importa cuán incómodo sea, hacete hombre. Si no tenés mate ni a nadie que te cebe te vas a quedar dormide. 2. El SIU guarani NUNCA va a andar bien. Abandona el plan, el cuadrito que dice que materias a que días y horarios vas a cursar. Tené por lo menos tres planes distintos y prepárate para que ninguno se pueda. Lo importante es cursar. Cómodo no vas a estar nunca. 3. Deja de intentar elegir profesores, dias, horarios. No importa con quién curses, importa que estudies. Si el profesor es un "copado" y vas con él en el cursado no enseña nada y en el final te la re mil pone. Si podés elegir, anda con el más estricto que ese al menos enseña 4. Sabete de memoria el programa de la materia que pretendes rendir. Las preguntas del final están todas ahí. Toma los puntos del programa y agregales signos de pregunta. X ej: cuerpo erógeno = qué es el cuerpo erógeno? Todos los docentes preguntamos desde ahí. 5. Muchos se van a ofender pero en mi experiencia la militancia universitaria solo entretiene a quienes no vinieron realmente a la facultad para recibirse y encima en una facultad tan carenciada como la mía no produjeron cambios. Recibite, concursa y cambia la facu desde adentro. 6. Anda con ropa cómoda. Entiendo que te quieras hacer el linde, pero si cursas muchas horas ese Jean te va a paspar todos los jamones. Mira a los más grandes: van todos en pijama. Por qué? Ya nos chupa un huevo coger, queremos sobrevivir. Adelantate. 7. Esto es importante porque si lo hacen rindiendo conmigo les bajo los dientes. En un final NUNCA DIGAN "A ESO NO LO LEÍ". Si decís eso te van a bochar y con justa razón por pelotudo. MENTI, DECI QUE ESTAS NERVIOSO

"There is only a 5% chance that the Earth will avoid warming by at least 2C come the end of the century, according to new research that paints a sobering picture of the international effort to stem dangerous climate change."

"The Minute Paper comes in many variations, but the simplest one involves wrapping up the formal class period a few minutes early and posing two questions to your students: What was the most important thing you learned today? What question still remains in your mind? Taken together, those two questions accomplish multiple objectives. The first one not only requires students to remember something from class and articulate it in their own words (more about that in a moment), but it also requires them to do some quick thinking. They have to reflect on the material and make a judgment about the main point of that day's class. The second question encourages them to probe their own minds and consider what they haven't truly understood. Most of us are infected by what learning theorists sometimes call "illusions of fluency," which means that we believe we have obtained mastery over something when we truly have not. To answer the second question, students have to decide where confusion or weaknesses remain in their own comprehension of the day's material. Closing connections. If we want students to obtain mastery and expertise in our subjects, they need to be capable of making their own connections between what they are learning and the world around them - current events, campus debates, personal experiences. The last five minutes of class represent an ideal opportunity for students to use the course material from that day and brainstorm some new connections.The metacognitive five. We have increasing evidence from the learning sciences that students engage in poor study strategies. Likewise, research shows that most people are plagued by the illusions of fluency. The solution on both fronts is better metacognition - that is, a clearer understanding of our own learning. What if all of us worked together deliberately to achieve that?Close the loop. Finally, go back to any of the strategies I introduced in my recent column on the first five minutes of clas

Finalizando la COP26, traigo a colación una nueva área de conocimiento e intervención que subraya como el cambio climático es un asunto interdisciplinar que se debe abordar multidisciplinar. Aquí encontraréis información y materiales sobre "psicología climática", "ansiedad ambiental"... So what is Climate Psychology? Five key principles ... Climate change is not a scientific problem waiting for a technical solution. It's an urgent, frightening, systemic problem involving environment, culture and politics. It engenders fear, denial and despair amongst individuals, evasion, indifference and duplicity amongst the powerful. It forces uncomfortable dilemmas about justice, nature and equality into consciousness. It challenges all of us in modern societies both personally and politically. To work with these dilemmas the CPA draws on a broad range of perspectives including philosophy, the arts and humanities, ecology and systems thinking. Our core focus however is in psycho-social studies and the psychotherapy field, approaches which help us to understand the unconscious processes and emotions which control our thoughts, beliefs and behaviour and which manifest in mutually reinforcing systems of defence in society. Anxiety, guilt and shame make it very difficult for people to face the reality of climate change and lead to denial and disavowal while the norms and structures of everyday life validate and reinforce these responses.

"la peor de las técnicas de estudio analizadas parece esa, la de marcar, subrayar las lecturas. No existe un beneficio real entre simplemente leer el texto y simplente marcarlo"

"A lo largo de este fascículo podrán conocer distintas técnicas para desarrollar una práctica de estudio estratégica y eficaz. Los seres humanos aprenden desde la más temprana infancia de forma natural, pero durante la edad escolar hay algunas asignaturas que se hacen arduas y difíciles de dominar o adquirir. Veremos que con el desarrollo de hábitos adecuados se puede aprender a aprender. La organización del tiempo a través de un plan de trabajo y la práctica de técnicas de lectura comprensiva son dos pasos fundamentales para iniciar este proceso. Existen herramientas eficaces para organizar y planificar el material de estudio: las fichas bibliográficas, los apuntes, el subrayado, el resumen, los esquemas, los cuadros sinópticos y los mapas conceptuales. Ponerse a estudiar es un trabajo difícil si no se encuentra el momento oportuno, el lugar adecuado o la forma eficaz, pero les contaremos cómo pueden organizarse y adquirir un método adecuado en función de sus tiempos y de su vida cotidiana. Desarrollar hábitos como la autodisciplina, la distribución del tiempo y la capacidad de establecer prioridades, más las ganas de aprender, les servirán para mejorar su rendimiento en el estudio y para la vida en general."

"Las Pruebas de Estudios, tal y como su nombre indica, son unos controles que los alumnos realizan periódicamente al inicio de la clase en las que deben demostrar los conocimientos que han adquirido de la clase anterior. ¿Cuál es su finalidad? Uno de los objetivos de este tipo de pruebas es conseguir que el alumno, en su casa, no sólo realice ejercicios procedimentales, sino que paulatinamente vaya adquiriendo un hábito de estudio diario. De esta manera el alumno se acostumbrará a estudiar de una asignatura de forma regular y no sólo el día previo del examen. Además, si las pruebas de estudio son muy parecidas a lo que será el examen de la unidad didáctica, el alumno afrontará este examen con más confianza y evitará cometer los errores en los que haya podido incurrir en la Prueba de Estudio. ¿Debe avisar el profesor de que va a haber una Prueba de Estudio? No es una respuesta fácil. En lo que sí quiero insistir es en que la Prueba de Estudio no se debe convertir en un castigo. Los alumnos deben asimilarlas como algo que a corto plazo y de cara al examen les va a favorecer. Personalmente, tengo que deciros que me gusta avisar de que habrá una Prueba de Estudio. El motivo es que así pueden apuntarlo en la agenda como una tarea que deben realizar en casa y, en algunos casos, podrán aprovechar la ayuda de padres, compañeros, hermanos… para que les ayuden a estudiar. ¿Cuánto tiempo deben durar las Pruebas de Estudio? ¿En qué momento deben realizarse? Recomiendo que duren, aproximadamente, entre cinco y diez minutos. En este tipo de pruebas suele haber pocos conceptos, ya que sólo se suele evaluar lo que se ha hecho en la clase anterior. En cuanto al momento de la realización, os propongo que la hagáis justo al empezar la clase. Una vez finalizada y corregida, se puede continuar con la programación prevista. ¿Cómo debe ser el tipo de prueba? Lo mejor es que haya pocas preguntas, aproximadamente unas cinco y, p

"Las Pruebas de Estudios, tal y como su nombre indica, son unos controles que los alumnos realizan periódicamente al inicio de la clase en las que deben demostrar los conocimientos que han adquirido de la clase anterior. ¿Cuál es su finalidad? Uno de los objetivos de este tipo de pruebas es conseguir que el alumno, en su casa, no sólo realice ejercicios procedimentales, sino que paulatinamente vaya adquiriendo un hábito de estudio diario. De esta manera el alumno se acostumbrará a estudiar de una asignatura de forma regular y no sólo el día previo del examen. Además, si las pruebas de estudio son muy parecidas a lo que será el examen de la unidad didáctica, el alumno afrontará este examen con más confianza y evitará cometer los errores en los que haya podido incurrir en la Prueba de Estudio. ¿Debe avisar el profesor de que va a haber una Prueba de Estudio? No es una respuesta fácil. En lo que sí quiero insistir es en que la Prueba de Estudio no se debe convertir en un castigo. Los alumnos deben asimilarlas como algo que a corto plazo y de cara al examen les va a favorecer. Personalmente, tengo que deciros que me gusta avisar de que habrá una Prueba de Estudio. El motivo es que así pueden apuntarlo en la agenda como una tarea que deben realizar en casa y, en algunos casos, podrán aprovechar la ayuda de padres, compañeros, hermanos… para que les ayuden a estudiar. ¿Cuánto tiempo deben durar las Pruebas de Estudio? ¿En qué momento deben realizarse? Recomiendo que duren, aproximadamente, entre cinco y diez minutos. En este tipo de pruebas suele haber pocos conceptos, ya que sólo se suele evaluar lo que se ha hecho en la clase anterior. En cuanto al momento de la realización, os propongo que la hagáis justo al empezar la clase. Una vez finalizada y corregida, se puede continuar con la programación prevista. ¿Cómo debe ser el tipo de prueba? Lo mejor es que haya pocas preguntas, aproximadamente unas cinco y, p