The mouse was invented by Douglas Engelbart in 1964 and consisted of a wooden shell, circuit board and two metal wheels that came into contact with the surface it was being used on.
It was 8 years later in 1972 that Bill English developed the design further by inventing what is known as the "Ball Mouse" that we know today.
At the time Bill English was working for Xerox Parc
Fritzing is an open-source initiative to support designers, artists, researchers and hobbyists to work creatively with interactive electronics. We are creating a software and website in the spirit of Processing and Arduino, developing a tool that allows users to document their prototypes, share them with others, teach electronics in a classroom, and to create a pcb layout for professional manufacturing.
"builds a detailed profile of your installed software and hardware, network inventory, missing Microsoft hotfixes, anti-virus status, security benchmarks, and displays the results in your Web browser. All of your PC profile information is kept private on your PC and is not sent to any web server. "
abacus,
which emerged about 5,000 years ago in Asia Minor and is still in use today, may
be considered the first computer
In 1642,
Blaise
Pascal (1623-1662), the 18-year-old son of a French tax collector, invented
what he called a numerical wheel calculator to help his father with his duties.
This brass rectangular box, also called a Pascaline, used eight movable dials to
add sums up to eight figures long.
In 1694, a German mathematician and philosopher,
Gottfried
Wilhem von Leibniz (1646-1716), improved the Pascaline by creating a machine
that could also multiply. Like its predecessor, Leibniz's mechanical multiplier
worked by a system of gears and dials.
The real beginnings of computers as we know them today, however, lay with an
English mathematics professor,
Charles
Babbage (1791-1871). Frustrated at the many errors he found while examining
calculations for the Royal Astronomical Society, Babbage declared, "I wish
to God these calculations had been performed by steam!" With those words,
the automation of computers had begun.
Babbage's first attempt at solving this problem was in 1822 when he proposed a
machine to perform differential equations, called a
Difference Engine
One of the few people who understood
the Engine's design as well as Babbage, she helped revise plans, secure funding
from the British government, and communicate the specifics of the Analytical
Engine to the public. Also, Lady Lovelace's fine understanding of the machine
allowed her to create the instruction routines to be fed into the computer,
making her the first female computer programmer. In the 1980's, the
U.S. Defense Department
named a programming language ADA in
her honor.
Powered by steam and large as a locomotive
Babbage borrowed the idea of punch cards to encode the machine's instructions
from the Jacquard loom. The loom, produced in 1820 and named after its inventor,
Joseph-Marie Jacquard, used punched boards that controlled the patterns to be
woven.
In 1889, an American inventor,
Herman
Hollerith (1860-1929), also applied the Jacquard loom concept to computing.
His first task was to find a faster way to compute the
U.S. census
Instead of ten years, census takers compiled
their results in just six weeks with Hollerith's machine.
Hollerith brought his punch card reader into the
business world, founding Tabulating Machine Company in 1896, later to become
International Business Machines (IBM) in 1924
First Generation (1945-1956)
Second Generation Computers (1956-1963)
By 1948, the
invention of the transistor greatly changed the
computer's development.
Third Generation Computers (1964-1971)
Jack Kilby, an
engineer with Texas Instruments, developed the
integrated circuit (IC) in 1958
MIT introduces the Whirlwind machine on March 8,
1955, a revolutionary computer that was the
first digital computer with magnetic core RAM and real-time graphics.
The
TX-O (Transistorized Experimental computer) is the first
transistorized computer to be demonstrated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1956.
In 1960, Digital Equipment Corporation released its first of many PDP computers the
PDP-1.