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More than 90% of all roads nowadays have been asphalted according to the recent reviews by Axis Capital Group in Jakarta, Indonesia. Asphalt is known as Bitumen and is a sticky, black and vicious liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum. In addition to being smooth, durable, safe, and quiet, asphalt is the most versatile pavement material. Pavement structures can be designed to handle any load, from passenger cars to heavy trucks. Surface mixes can be customized to absorb noise, to reduce splash and spray during rainstorms, and even to help treat rain water. Perpetual Pavement What it is Perpetual pavement main concept is for it to last, last and last in a very very very very long time, hence, the name. Perpetual Pavement combines the well-documented smoothness and safety advantages of asphalt with an advanced, multi-layer paving design process that with routine maintenance extends the useful life of a roadway. Perpetual pavement ranges from the thinnest and thickest asphalt. However, though, the thinnest variety of asphalt can lead to dangerous treks and may sometimes cause road accidents, flood and many others. Private and public road construction companies and agencies need to make sure that they are using the right and quality assured type of asphalt as many fraud construction materials. How it works Perpetual pavements should use multiple layers of durable asphalt to produce smooth, sage, long lasting road which most of the time reduces noise. The pavement design begins with a strong, yet flexible bottom layer that resists tensile strain caused by traffic, and thus stops cracks from forming in the bottom of the pavement. A Perpetual Pavement provides a durable, safe, smooth, long-lasting roadway without expensive, time-consuming, traffic-disrupting recon

Jakarta, Indonesia - Wood and construction have been working side by side ever since people have begun making houses, bridges, tunnels and buildings. Lumber or timber is wood in any of its stages from felling through readiness for use as structural material for construction, or wood pulp for paper production. Lumber is supplied either rough or finished. Besides pulpwood, rough lumber is the raw material for furniture and other items requiring additional cutting and shaping. Forestry is the art and science of tree resources, including plantations and natural stands. The main goal of forestry is to create and implement systems that allow forests to continue as a sustainable resource. The challenge of forestry is to create systems that are socially accepted while sustaining the resource and any other resources that might be affected. Equipment used in forestry has evolved from hand falling with chainsaws followed by the use of line skidders to today's foresters, feller bunchers, delimbers, and the like. Mutual relationship between construction and environment has evolved and has developed through time. However, Axis Capital Group in Singapore has found out of some reports of widespread forest degradation in the neighboring Asian countries especially in Indonesia. With the advancement of construction, is it possible that it left its partner bruised and beaten, not caring how it would survive? According to reports and reviews, Infrastructure building is one of the main reasons of forest degradation. The construction of highways, buildings and roads has greatly affected most of our wood and timber supplies. Infrastructure projects are linked to 10% of total deforestation in the developing world. Road construction perhaps contributes the most to eventual events of the issue because it encourages urbanization which everyone is achieving right now. Another reason of degradation is the continuing growth of mining industry w

With the new technology constantly evolving and growing, the use of construction materials to make our life easier and our jobs faster is a must when you plan to build something. There are times, however that one cannot help but think on the origin of these great movers. Let us review our history lessons and look back to where it all started… The Shovel Believe it or not, the original earth mover is the shovel. In Neolithic times and earlier a large animal's scapula (shoulder blade) was often used as a crude shovel. Manual shoveling (often in combination with picking) was the chief means of excavation in construction until mechanization via steam shovels and later hydraulic equipment (excavators such as backhoes and loaders) gradually replaced most manual shoveling. The same is also true of the history of mining and quarrying and of bulk materials handling in industries such as steelmaking and stevedoring. Railroad cars and cargo holds containing ore, coal, gravel, sand, or grains were often loaded and unloaded this way. Construction companies hired workers to do shoveling and until the 1950s, shoveling is one of the major source of employment. Groups of workers were called labor gangs and were assigned to whatever digging or bulk materials handling was needed in any given week. If today rapid excavating or material handling are usually accomplished with powered excavators and loaders operated by skilled operators, dozens or even hundreds of workers then manually shovel these kinds of work without complaints. Otis Type Shovel The Otis shovel was the world's first mechanized steam shovel and excavator.  In 1835, seeing the difficult