nthropology is holistic[[1]], comparative, field based, and evolutionary.
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Cultural Anthropology/Introduction - Wikibooks, open books for an open world - 0 views
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As a social science, anthropology is the ultimate interdisciplinary 'science'. It is holistic and comparative.
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five sub-disciplines
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Archeology: The study and interpretation of ancient humans, their history and culture, through examination of the artifacts and remains they left behind
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Cultural Anthropology:(also: sociocultural anthropology, social anthropology, or ethnology) studies the different cultures of humans and how those cultures are shaped or shape the world around them
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Biological Anthropology
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using genetics, evolution, human ancestry, primates, and the ability to adapt.
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Biological anthropology is the discipline that uses Darwin's theory of evolution to study man, primates and all of life.
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Linguistic Anthropology: examines human languages
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pplied anthropology is simply the practice of applying anthropological theory and or methods from any of the fields of Anthropology to solve human problems
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Culture is:
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Learned
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Patterned
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•Shared
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•Adaptive
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Symbolic
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At its most basic level, the difference between Culture and culture is in the way they are defined. C
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lture with a capital C refers to the ability of the human species to absorb and imitate patterned and symbolic ideas that ultimately further their survival
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Familial culture
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Every family is different, and every family has its own culture
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icro or Subculture
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distinct groups within a larger group that share some sort of common trait, activity or language that ties them together and or differentiates them from the larger group
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clique
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Mexican-Americans
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micro-culture would be the Japanese hip hop
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Cultural universals
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Claude Levi-Strauss
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gender roles, the incest taboo, religious and healing ritual, mythology, marriage, language, art, dance, music, cooking, games, jokes, sports, birth and death
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tual ceremonies
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f cultural relativism deny the existence or reduce the importance of cultural universals
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Language and cognition
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Society
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Myth, Ritual, and aesthetics
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Technology
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This problem of right and wrong in terms of crossing cultural lines is a big one.
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intrinsic cultural distinctions that are meaningful to the members of a given society, often considered to be an 'insider’s' perspective.
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reate bias o
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Enculturation
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This process is the way in which we obtain and transmit culture.
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In the !Kung Bushman tribe they look down upon people who think highly of themselves and who are arrogant. To avoid these characteristics, each child was raised to put down and mock others when they do things such as hunting and other activities.
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Cultural Transmission
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Symbols and Culture
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Symbols are the basis of culture. A symbol is an object, word, or action that stands for something else with no natural relationship that is culturally defined
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Ethnocentrism
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Cultural Relativism
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Ethnography
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Deconstructing Race and Racism
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Race was created long ago as a tool to separate humans
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Deconstructing the social concept of race has been a major interest of Cultural Anthropology at least since Franz Boas's work on race and immigration in the early 1900's.
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Race is not biological but it's supposed to be a way to classify biological differences by grouping people according to different characteristics that they have
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There is no biological part of race. It is strictly a concept created by humans to try to better understand differences between us
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Technology
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Female Chimpanzees and Tool Use: Animal Planet - 0 views
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Chimps Trade Meat for Sex -- And It Works - 3 views
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hare meat with females double their chances of having sex with those females
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More surprising was that males shared meat with females that didn't have sexual swellings, perhaps in hopes of future success, the researchers say.
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he fact that the chimp males also shared meat with females not in heat could also add new fire to the debate about chimpanzees' cognitive abilities
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That he knows, since he is doing something for the female now, he is hoping that in the future she will pay it back in the form of sex. -
To me, it indicates some common ways of thinking between us humans and the chimps -
This behaviour may indicate that the chimps have some sort of intellect. They are able to process the outcome of events, which in this case is a trade of meat for sex. -
The male chimps behavior may indicate further signs of social structure in the primate community and mating rituals are far more sophisticated than what we thought. -
that he really wants to reproduce and he is willing to trade it for his food. So it shows some sort of planning ahead and they are becoming more intellectual -
The fact that he is giving her meat even though she is not ready to have sex shows that he is planning for the future. The monkey is showing that he has the ability to give something in hopes to get something in return soon. -
It shows how the chimps are evolving and staring to make connections between giving the females meat and recieving sex -
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The CRAPpy Song (aka, the C.R.A.P. Test Song) - YouTube - 0 views
Substantial energy difference between raw food, cooked food and processed food - The Sc... - 0 views
Invention of cooking drove evolution of the human species, new book argues | Harvard Ga... - 0 views
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The Evolution, Creationism, and Intelligent Design Controversy - 0 views
Charles Darwin & Evolution - 0 views
BBC - GCSE Bitesize: Darwin's theory of evolution - 0 views
Symphony of Science - 1 views
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The Virtual Choir - Eric Whitacre - 0 views
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the humanizing force of the internet's connectivity is redefining what it means to be human
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My Library - 0 views
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This article is talking about how technology affects schools, and more specifically how is it affecting a certain school. The author explains the way we use our technology, its importance, and many other important factors.
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The Evolved Self-management System | Conversation | Edge - 0 views
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2012: End of the World Perceptions and Myths CyArk - 0 views
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adily fueled by our market economy, in which countless vendors have rushed to fuel the flames of fear in order to sell survivalist goods such as dry food rations, duct tape, firearms, and plastic sheeting - all strongly echoic of the y2k scare less of than a decade ago
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pecific time frame in our
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eschatology
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n era of our present world comes to an end and experiences a renewal of some sort
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Norsemen
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Ragnarok,
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entire world is temporarily flooded and only two humans survive to repopulate a renewed planet
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Hopi Indians
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on-Hopi ways
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shamans
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panish Conquistadores
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creator spirit Maasaw
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concepts of creation, destruction, and renewa
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Hinduism
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Hinduism
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Shiva,
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Robert Oppenheimer
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atomic bomb,
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Abrahamist religions (Judaism, Islam, and Christianity) deal with Armageddon and the Last Judgement of all human souls by God, and also tell the story of Noah's Ark
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awm al-Qiyamah (Day of Resurrection)
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nd the Book of Daniel's
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Revelation
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Planet of the Apemen: Battle for Earth | Watch Free Documentary Online - 0 views
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By the Color of Our Skin: The Illusion of Integration and the Reality of Race. - Review... - 0 views
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I see America's rhetorical and "virtual" integration, as reflected on TV, as a sign of progress, even while I find the NAACP's threat to force it by lawsuit absurd.
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This website explains us how skin colour discrimination is viewed from a black person in our society. There is history to the reason that they can't see us (whites) as we are and vice virsa. Blacks really are the ones suffering the most which is something completely wrong and it is called inequality.
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shared by mariakanarakis on 13 Dec 11
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When Do People ¬Not Protest Unfairness? The Case of Skin Color Discrimination... - 1 views
scholar.harvard.edu/jlhochschild/publications/when-do-people-¬not-protest-unfairness-case-skin-color-discrimination
skin_color discrimination race illusion anthropology inequality
shared by mariakanarakis on 13 Dec 11
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This is the phenomenon of “colorism” – “the tendency to perceive or behave toward members of a racial category based on the lightness or darkness of their skin tone”
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Colorism: (Definition) It is discrimination towards the more dark pigmented people, which excludes them from social and daily activities. Colorism is found all around the world since people have spread and this is prejudice against the darker skinned humans.
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This website separates skin discrimination into different sectors so we can see that there's isn't only one place that the discrimination is affecting us. All of the examples which are highlighted in blue are a tool that helps us really understand what this professor is talking about.
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lighter-skinned black soldiers in the Union Army of the Civil War were, compared with darker-skinned soldiers, more likely to be skilled workers rather than field hands before entering the service
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however, is that how people behave and are treated is affected not only by the nominal category of race, but also by the ordinal category of multiple shades of skin tone
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This is the
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Colorism can occur within one’s own community, or across racial and ethnic groups
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any other “racial” group.
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Skin Color Hierarchy in History
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Our more systematic historical research shows that the importance of skin color on life chances dates back at least to the nineteenth century.
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it may emerge as an indirect effect of the person’s ability to take advantage of the higher social status that has accrued over many generations to light-skinned African-Americans
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Skin Color, Education, and Income
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skin tone within a given race or ethnicity is associated with socioeconomic outcomes.
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over a quarter of African Americans had earned college degrees. But light-skinned blacks were more likely to have a college degree than were medium- or dark-skinned blacks; conversely, dark- and medium-skinned members were less likely to have completed high school.
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In a year when blacks’ averaged about ten years of schooling, there is a gap of almost two years between the schooling of the darkest and lightest African Americans. Dark-skinned blacks earned less than seven tenths as much as light-skinned blacks – during a year in which black families’ mean income was just over six tenths of that of white families.
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Being dark-skinned has psychological as well as economic, educational, and temporal costs.
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“colorism” may be a direct response to the behavior of or, more likely, the appearance of a person standing before the potential employer, judge, or teacher.
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people who suffer from discrimination may not protest it because they are unaware of their unfair treatment, because they perceive no alternatives, or because they see no means of effective protest.
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Light-skinned blacks tend to come from families with relatively high status on these dimensions, so skin tone affects educational attainment indirectly.
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light- and medium-skinned blacks received shorter sentences for all crimes than the darkest category of blacks. In every case except property crimes [i.e. for drug, personal, and miscellaneous crimes], the darkest group of blacks received higher sentences, on average, than whites
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sentences are 2 percent shorter for light-skinned blacks compared with whites, 4 percent longer for medium-skinned blacks, and 2 percent longer for dark-skinned blacks. Those differences seem small, but 4 percent of a 2,560 day sentence (the average length for whites) is over three months of prison time.
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Skin Color and Political Attitudes or Behaviors:
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light-skinned African Americans are relatively advantaged in the social and economic arenas,
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they have a similar advantage as voters and political actors, and that dark-skinned blacks perceive more discrimination.
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Light-skinned blacks may be slightly more likely to perceive discrimination against other members of their race, and they are a little more likely to participate politically.
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So why isn’t colorism an issue around which blacks organize politically?
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What’s the Matter with Kansas?
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Unenlightened Self-Interest:
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Public opinion in this instance was ill informed, insensitive to some of the most important implications of the tax cuts, and largely disconnected from
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a variety of relevant values and material interests
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light-skinned blacks as roughly analogous to middle-class Americans – certainly not at the top of the distribution, but enjoying enough benefits from the unfair structure that they would be hesitant to disrupt it too much.
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he implication is that dark-skinned blacks ought to perceive that they are doubly maltreated, that skin color hierarchy is just as unfair as the racial hierarchy within which it nests, and that protest is warranted.
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We vote our values; why should we be surprised if they vote theirs?
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the task is to understand their values on their own terms.
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Applying this logic to the case of skin color discrimination yields several hypotheses. Perhaps dark-skinned blacks are aware of their doubly unfair treatment, but choose to ignore it because they too care more about some other political value, such as racial solidarity or individual autonomy.
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Similarly, light-skinned African Americans may recognize,
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that “for generations of black people, color and class have been inexorably tied together,” but they too care more about racial solidarity than about either taking advantage of or fighting this internal division.
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in short, one form of unfairness may be worth accepting or ignoring publicly for the sake of fighting another, or simply pursuing some unrelated goal.
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The deeply religious, in short, vote their values, not their interests.
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Andrea Campbell shows that the elderly mobilize to act jointly on behalf of social security, to the benefit of most but at the expense of the poorest (
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At the turn of the twentieth century, both black and white media frequently used “mulatto” (and sometimes “quadroon” and “octoroon”) – sometimes favorably, sometimes unfavorably, but to a surprising degree simply as a common and unremarkable descriptor.
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those descriptors were never used or were terms of opprobrium or shock.
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one can explain the lack of collective attention to the unfairness of skin tone discrimination by pointing to the dissemination of and allegiance to other, apparently stronger values.
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Racial nationalists have traditionally been hostile to black feminists or black Marxists who seek to draw attention to unfair practices within the black community
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they are similarly hostile to any discussion of skin color differentiation because it appears to be a strategy of “divide and conquer.
