USB Pinout - Connector Wiring for USB A, USB B, and Mini USB InterfacesUSB (Universal Serial Bus) is an interface designed to connect peripherals such as mice, keyboards, scanners, digital cameras, printers, hard disks, and networking
components to PC.
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USB pinout signals USB is a serial bus. It uses 4 shielded wires: two for power (+5v & GND) and two for differential data signals (labelled as D+ and D- in pinout). NRZI (Non Return to Zero Invert) encoding scheme used to send data with a sync field to synchronise the host and receiver clocks. In USB data cable Data+ and Data- signals are transmitted on a twisted pair. No termination needed. Half-duplex differential signaling helps to combat the effects of electromagnetic noise on longer lines. Contrary to popular belief, D+ and D- operate together; they are not separate simplex connections.
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USB transfer modes Univeral serial bus supports Control, Interrupt, Bulk and Isochronous transfer modes.USB transfer rates: Low Speed, Full Speed, Hi-speed. USB supports three data rates: Low Speed (1.5 Mbit per second) that is mostly used for Human Input Devices (HID) such as keyboards, mice, joysticks and often the buttons on higher speed devices such as printers or scanners; Full Speed (12 Mbit per second) which is widely supported by USB hubs, assumes that devices divide the USB bandwidth between them in a first-come first-serve basis - it"s easy to run out of bandwidth with several devices; Hi-Speed (480 Mbit per second) was added in USB 2.0 specification. Not all USB 2.0 devices are Hi-Speed. A USB device must indicate its speed by pulling either the D+ or D- line high to 3.3 volts. These pull up resistors at the device end will also be used by the host or hub to detect the presence of a device connected to its port. Without a pull up resistor, USB assumes there is nothing connected to the bus. In order to help user to identify maximum speed of device, USB device often specify it's speed on it's cover with one of USB special marketing logos.
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