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True Artificial Intelligence would bypass problems of biological complexity and ethics, growing up on a substrate ideal for initiating Recursive Self-Improvement. (fully reprogrammable, ultrafast, the AI's "natural habitat".) This Artificial Intelligence would be based upon: 1) our current understanding of the central algorithms of intelligence, 2) our current knowledge of the brain, obtained through high-resolution fMRI and delicate Cognitive Science experiments, and 3) the kind of computing hardware available to AI designers.

Humans cannot conduct any of these enhancements to ourselves; the inherent structure of our biology and the limited level of our current technology makes this impossible.

Recursive Self-Improvement is the ability of a mind to genuinely improve its own intelligence. This might be accomplished through a variety of means; speeding up one's own hardware, redesigning one's own cognitive architecture for optimal intelligence, adding new components into one's own hardware, custom-designing specialized modules for recurrent tasks, and so on.

A Harvard Medical School study last year found that one blindsight patient could maneuver down a hallway filled with obstacles, even though the subject could not actually see. Schwiedrzik said the new research may help blindsight patients gain conscious awareness of what their minds can see, and he suggested that new research should address whether the brains in blindsight patients and people with normal vision process the information the same way.