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With origins in the Cold War, the International Space Station represents a union of several space station projects from various nations.

As a multinational project, the legal and financial aspects of the ISS are complex. Issues of concern include the ownership of modules, station utilisation by participating nations, and responsibilities for station resupply. The main legal document establishing obligations and rights between the ISS partners is the Space Station Intergovernmental Agreement (IGA).

The most cited figure of an overall cost estimate for the ISS ranges from 35 billion to 100 billion USD.[73] ESA, the only agency actually stating potential overall costs, estimates €100 billion for the entire station over a period of 30 years.