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The civilian death toll is one of the highest of any war since World War II.

1946, the British gave in to northern pressure to integrate the two areas.

Arabic was made the language of administration in the south, and northerners began to hold positions there.

(Muslims vs. Christians and Traditional African Religions)

(Arabs in the central government vs. Africans in the South)

he does not know his exact age,

Malual said his older brother shook him awake one day and told him to run.

Malual’s gr

oup was the first to settle in that area

Every 14 days, each boy received 15 kilograms of maize flour, some cooking oil and one cup of beans,

Sharing was what kept us together, pushed us together,

If I didn’t receive my ration one day, my friend would call me when it was time to eat.”

Malual, then a teenager, found a job. Although the large bulk of his salary went toward rent for an apartment he almost never saw, Malual took on extra hours and began to save money

You’re going to go home,’” Malual said. “And they gave me a ticket. I was so happy; I couldn’t believe it.”

‘Is this the wrong family?’”

His brother, who had been the one to tell Malual to run as a child, had remained in the village.

‘When I told you to run, I didn’t mean to run forever

he described America as his second home and said he couldn’t imagine leaving it.

“Anyone confined to a place like Kakuma is rendered automatically dependent on some form of hand-out” (2000, p. 23). 

KANERE said, on January 13, 2009 at 7:44 pm It is difficult to provide a comprehensive response to this excellent query. Generally speaking, Kenyans living in other areas of Kenya a) have never heard of Kakuma Camp; b) have heard of it but assume it is located in Sudan; or c) know the camp as the “place for lots of refugees.” Those who are well aware of the situation consider Kakuma to be a difficult place to live, for both refugees and locals. Some Kenyans view refugee camps as a danger to national security. Others view camps as worthy humanitarian endeavors. Interestingly, many NGO and UNHCR staff working in Kakuma Refugee Camp look upon Kakuma as an extreme hardship zone and eagerly await placement to new (urban) job locations. This despite their lavish living conditions as compared to refugees.

He was seven when he began the walk. "You have to urinate so that you can drink your own urine,"

Twelve thousand boys made it to a refugee camp in Ethiopia, where they stayed four years. But then civil war broke out there and the boys were chased out at gunpoint to the Gilo River. Many were shot. Many drowned. Many were eaten by crocodiles.

"They feel that education will speak on behalf of them where their parents can't," says Chanoff, the American aid worker. "So they have a saying, it's actually a very important saying that they have, education is my mother and my father."

The survivors of the Gilo started walking back into southern Sudan. They walked across deserts, over mountains. They had no food or water and ate wet mud.

For nine years, they've been surviving on one meal a day - wheat flour and maize – in the camp. In 2000, U.S. government began bringing them to America. Before they go, Chanoff gives them a crash course in America 101.

But the good news is that Americans are accepting them .

"Here are these boys that are products of this horrific civil war and they're coming to our heartland and they're coming to our homes," says Chanoff. "And you know what? People are falling in love with them. They think they're the sweetest, most amazing kids in the world and they're going to be a part of America now and that is unbelievable."