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The civilian death toll is one of the highest of any war since World War II.

2 million civilians in South Sudan died during the Second Sudanese Civil War, which lasted from 1983-2005

that 70% of the Sudanese are Sunni Muslim, 25% Animist and 5% Christian.

Sudan was a joint colony (called a “condominium”) administered by the British Empire and Egypt in partnership.  

1946, the British gave in to northern pressure to integrate the two areas.

Arabic was made the language of administration in the south, and northerners began to hold positions there.

(Muslims vs. Christians and Traditional African Religions)

(Arabs in the central government vs. Africans in the South)

 Grouped in threes or fours, the Sudanese young men, now in their late teens and twenties, are being resettled in sites in the US where expertise and special services are provided for these refugees refugees who have been deprived of their childhood and family life. In addition to expert case workers, sponsoring churches make an invaluable contribution to the adjustment of the refugees.

Starting in the late 1980s, thousands of Sudanese boys trekked to Ethiopia to flee the war. T

The three very gaunt and thinly clad young men arrived in the snow of a northern winter to a warm reception from Andrews Memorial UMC, James Street UMC, and the Church World Service (CWS) staff

foundation on which they can rebuild their lives: an apartment, furnishings, clothing, kindly guidance and friendship, accompaniment to appointments, help in learning to cook for themselves, shop, and prepare for job interviews.

United Methodist Churches

adapt to a new culture and become a part of the community.

the church arranged for Samuel to attend Nottingham High School,

lavery had been an institution of Sudanese life throughout history

Because Sudan had access to Middle East slave markets, the slave trade in the south intensified in the nineteenth century and continued after the British had suppressed slavery in much of sub-Saharan Africa. Annual raids resulted in the capture of countless thousands of southern Sudanese, and the destruction of the region's stability and economy. The horrors associated with the slave trade generated European interest in Sudan.

Sudan was proclaimed a condominium in 1899 under British-Egyptian administration.

he SPLA, and its NDA allies received political, military and logistical support primarily from Ethiopia, Uganda and Eritrea.

Adults struggled to become economically independent, working long hours at low-paying jobs and struggling to find time and money to go to school.

Still, the refugees send as much money to Africa as possible to help those who were left behind

“He is like one of our adult children,” he said. “Both of his parents are deceased, and we try to fill in as best we can as his American parents.

“In the beginning his needs were great – health issues, learning to take care of basic needs, learning to drive a car, etc. Now, he has become very independent. We have shared his sadness such as when his mother died in 2003.

Sudan) and a refugee camp in Kenya. However, he is resolute to return to Sudan after getting h

However, he is resolute to return to Sudan after g

an) and a refugee camp in Kenya. However, he is resolute to return to

n) and a re

The MSU study noted that refugee camp experiences had significant positive and negative influences on the refugees’ adjustment in the United States. For instance, having suffered through hardship, they recognized the special opportunity they had coming to the United States to pursue an education and employment, according to Luster. 

Because of this, Carter was bombarded with questions about why he did not help the girl, and only used her to take a photograph. The St. Petersburg Times in Florida said this of Carter: "The man adjusting his lens to take just the right frame of her suffering, might just as well be a predator, another vulture on the scene.

Carter spoke of his thoughts when he took these photographs: "I had to think visually. I am zooming in on a tight shot of the dead guy and a splash of red. Going into his khaki uniform in a pool of blood in the sand. The dead man's face is slightly gray. You are making a visual here. But inside something is screaming, 'My God.' But it is time to work. Deal with the rest later. If you can't do it, get out of the game."

However, Carter was working in a time when photojournalists were told not to touch famine victims for fear of spreading disease. Carter estimated that there were twenty people per hour dying at the food center.

Carter's daughter Megan responded to such comparisons with, "I see my dad as the suffering child. And the rest of the world is the vulture."

on July 27, 1994, Carter backed his red Nissan truck against a blue gum tree, attached a garden hose to the exhaust pipe, and rolled up the window to his car. He turned on his walkman and rested his head against his backpack until he died of carbon monoxide poisoning.

“Anyone confined to a place like Kakuma is rendered automatically dependent on some form of hand-out” (2000, p. 23). 

KANERE said, on January 13, 2009 at 7:44 pm It is difficult to provide a comprehensive response to this excellent query. Generally speaking, Kenyans living in other areas of Kenya a) have never heard of Kakuma Camp; b) have heard of it but assume it is located in Sudan; or c) know the camp as the “place for lots of refugees.” Those who are well aware of the situation consider Kakuma to be a difficult place to live, for both refugees and locals. Some Kenyans view refugee camps as a danger to national security. Others view camps as worthy humanitarian endeavors. Interestingly, many NGO and UNHCR staff working in Kakuma Refugee Camp look upon Kakuma as an extreme hardship zone and eagerly await placement to new (urban) job locations. This despite their lavish living conditions as compared to refugees.