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in 1793, Catherine, Joseph of Austria, and Frederick's nephew -- Frederick William II -- took advantage of the turmoil in France to confiscate more Polish lands, in what was called the Second Partition of Poland. In 1794 a national uprising by the Poles was crushed by the Russians, and, in 1795, Russia, Austria and Brandenburg-Prussia participated in what was to be known as the Third Partition of Poland. Brandenburg-Prussia took Warsaw, the Habsburgs took Krakow and expanded northward along the banks of the Bug River, and Catherine took Courland, Brest-Litovsk and what was left of Poland. Catherine was opposed to educating common people, believing that if the uneducated were educated they would stop obeying.

She wished to be a "defender of oppressed innocence," to spread education and to otherwise reform Russia.

Catherine confiscated much of its lands and left the church's clergy as state paid functionaries.

. Of these, more than 58,000 died or remain missing, and 300,000 others were wounded

$140 billion on the war

By 1961, guerrilla warfare was widespread in South Vietnam. Communist-led troops of the National Liberation Front (NLF) of South Vietnam, commonly referred to as Vietcong, were initiating hundreds of terrorist and small unit attacks per month