eme6635fall07 » PositiveInterdependence - 0 views
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seek further information
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Allan Jeong on 20 Sep 07In particular, students do not seek out and report empirical data or findings to present evidence (and hard numbers and statistical findings) to establish the veracity of a claim or argument. So what you are really suggesting here is that each student should be assigned to read a research article and report its empirical findings to strengthen (or to disprove) the arguments posted to the debate.
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Each student would have ownership of an argument because they would have some portion of responsibility to its
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1) Resource Interdependence
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Teamsmanship Ratings
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I would say that this method is used to directly increase individual accountability given that students are asked to evaluate the performance of individual students. Nevertheless, some of the individual behaviors that are assessed and promoted in peer evaluations will indirectly increase inter-dependence. Overall, I guess its a toss up as to which category or function is performed by using this method.
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A simple worksheet
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Maybe we can use a wiki to compile all the peer ratings into one single worksheet. I think that efficiency is a must here so that students can concentrate on the main task - building and defending their arguments. Any other ideas on how best to implement the peer review process? Another question: How many times do the student evaluate one another during each debate? Is this a summative or formative evaluation?
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part of their participation
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Skills such as how to address arguments, rebuttals, or engage in conversation on the board during debate
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Perhaps one can present more social skill tips and/or training over the course of the semester so that students have all the prerequisite social skills by the time they participate in the last and the fourth debate in EME5457. The question is which specific social skills should be addressed in the course without committing too much time on this one activity?
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Too many debates in a 16 week course
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formulate arguments
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I think that there should be a distinction made between an "intellectual skill" versus a "social skill". Formulating arguments and etc. is something I see as an intellectual/argumentation skill (like the "fermenting" skills or roles described by JJ&H). Social skills, on the other hand, is concerned with how to "present" an argument or a challenge without sounding sounding offensive or arrogant - presenting one's ideas in ways that maintains positive relationships between participants (e.g. focus on the issue not on individual personalities, etc.). Social skills are taught to help maintain positive social relationships.
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the groups who had structured learning contracts
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I like how you stated the findings in terms of what Beichner "found" or "observed" in their study (as opposed to stating the finding in terms of a claim or position statement. This type of statement is more effective in establishing the credibility because it is explicitly linked to the study's findings.
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instructors should provide guidelines
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This could also help reduce the amount of time students spend on producing a group contract, and therefore, reduce the work load placed on the students. One of my concerns is student's work load (which must be taken into consideration when we discuss any of the solutions proposed in this document. --Allan
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6) AUTORATING
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12) SCAFFOLDING COLLABORATIVE ARGUMENTATION IN DISCUSSIONS
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Pre-structured threads lead to more challenges per argument which result in more cognitive conflict which in turn leads to further inquiry by students
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It seems then that we are assuming that "positive interdependence" can be measured and/or defined in terms of how often presented arguments are challenged (therefore, groups are both working and "thinking" together)? I think this is a very useful way of looking at the meaning of the term "positive interdependence". --Allan
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pre-structured discussion threads"
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Lack of explanation or justification was number 8 in the list of weaknesses found in student's essays
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E-mail communications from the encourager and observer might be reserved for when sensitive feedback needs to be given
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Using email to perform this role is a good idea so that the number of message posted to the discussion forum is kept at more manageable numbers. I often perform this role myself by posting messages of this kind to a separate discussion thread located at the top of the forum titled "Instructor comments".
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The optimum size should be determined on a number of factors
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??? OUTSIDE ENEMY INTERDEPENDENCE
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I noticed that this method was not reported here in this group document. Check page 54 of JJH for the description. On impact, I would reference and report the effect size achieved from using "structured controversy" reported in the Johnson 2000 article. On the topic of how to implement this method (already implemented in the debate), maybe we can think of ways to use this method to improve the quality of the after-debate essay? --Allan
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??? ENVIRONMENTAL INTERDEPENDENCE
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Each debate team could share a wiki document to summarize and list all their arguments so that everyone is working off one shared artifact (or environment). As a result, the wiki would also serve to establish goal interdependence (creating one joint product, see p 53 in JJH textbook). I don't have any leads on any studies that show what impact this strategy has on the group's performance. However, you could by way of analogy refer to the Cho2002 study where they report performance gains when students focused their joint attention on a group concept map while engaging in a group discussion.
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