What has she found? That the Internet links millions of people in new spaces that are changing the way we think and the way we form our communities. That we are moving from "a modernist culture of calculation toward a postmodernist culture of simulation." That life on the screen permits us to "project ourselves into our own dramas, dramas in which we are producer, director, and star.... Computer screens are the new location for our fantasies, both erotic and intellectual. We are using life on computer screens to become comfortable with new ways of thinking about evolution, relationships, sexuality, politics, and identity."

Turkle's own metaphor of windows serves well to introduce the following samplings from her new book. Those boxed-off areas on the screen, Turkle writes, allow us to cycle through cyberspace and real life, over and over. Windows allow us to be in several contexts at the same time - in a MUD, in a word-processing program, in a chat room, in e-mail.

"Windows have become a powerful metaphor for thinking about the self as a multiple, distributed system," Turkle writes. "The self is no longer simply playing different roles in different settings at different times. The life practice of windows is that of a decentered self that exists in many worlds, that plays many roles at the same time." Now real life itself may be, as one of Turkle's subjects says, "just one more window."

The orgot issue will not die: "Your fig orgot moved to another species," the
game informs us. This time I say nothing, but Tim reads my mind: "Don't let it
bother you if you don't understand. I just say to myself that I probably won't
be able to understand the whole game any time soon. So I just play it."

This view is spookily godlike. You can switch your gaze of a spot in the
world from map to satellite to 3-D just by clicking. Recall the past? It's
there. Or listen to the daily complaints and travails of almost anyone who blogs
(and doesn't everyone?). I doubt angels have a better view of humanity.

Why aren't we more amazed by this fullness? Kings of old would have gone to
war to win such abilities. Only small children would have dreamed such a magic
window could be real. I have reviewed the expectations of waking adults and wise
experts, and I can affirm that this comprehensive wealth of material, available
on demand and free of charge, was not in anyone's scenario. Ten years ago,
anyone silly enough to trumpet the above list as a vision of the near future
would have been confronted by the evidence: There wasn't enough money in all the
investment firms in the entire world to fund such a cornucopia. The success of
the Web at this scale was impossible.

When a company opens its databases to users, as Amazon, Google, and eBay have
done with their Web services, it is encouraging participation at new levels. The
corporation's data becomes part of the commons and an invitation to participate.
People who take advantage of these capabilities are no longer customers; they're
the company's developers, vendors, skunk works, and fan base.

What happens when the data flow is asymmetrical - but in favor of creators?
What happens when everyone is uploading far more than they download? If everyone
is busy making, altering, mixing, and mashing, who will have time to sit back
and veg out? Who will be a consumer?

What will most surprise us is how dependent we will be on what the Machine
knows - about us and about what we want to know. We already find it easier to
Google something a second or third time rather than remember it ourselves. The
more we teach this megacomputer, the more it will assume responsibility for our
knowing. It will become our memory. Then it will become our identity. In 2015
many people, when divorced from the Machine, won't feel like themselves - as if
they'd had a lobotomy.

As We May Think

As Director of the Office of Scientific Researc

The real heart of the matter of selection, however, goes deeper than a lag in
the adoption of mechanisms by libraries, or a lack of development of devices for
their use. Our ineptitude in getting at the record is largely caused by the
artificiality of systems of indexing. When data of any sort are placed in
storage, they are filed alphabetically or numerically, and information is found
(when it is) by tracing it down from subclass to subclass. It can be in only one
place, unless duplicates are used; one has to have rules as to which path will
locate it, and the rules are cumbersome. Having found one item, moreover, one
has to emerge from the system and re-enter on a new path.

The human mind does not work that way. It operates by association. With one
item in its grasp, it snaps instantly to the next that is suggested by the
association of thoughts, in accordance with some intricate web of trails carried
by the cells of the brain. It has other characteristics, of course; trails that
are not frequently followed are prone to fade, items are not fully permanent,
memory is transitory. Yet the speed of action, the intricacy of trails, the
detail of mental pictures, is awe-inspiring beyond all else in nature.

The owner of the memex, let us say, is interested in the origin and
properties of the bow and arrow. Specifically he is studying why the short
Turkish bow was apparently superior to the English long bow in the skirmishes of
the Crusades. He has dozens of possibly pertinent books and articles in his
memex. First he runs through an encyclopedia, finds an interesting but sketchy
article, leaves it projected. Next, in a history, he finds another pertinent
item, and ties the two together. Thus he goes, building a trail of many items.
Occasionally he inserts a comment of his own, either linking it into the main
trail or joining it by a side trail to a particular item. When it becomes
evident that the elastic properties of available materials had a great deal to
do with the bow, he branches off on a side trail which takes him through
textbooks on elasticity and tables of physical constants. He inserts a page of
longhand analysis of his own. Thus he builds a trail of his interest through the
maze of materials available to him.