| Type |
Characteristics |
| Near |
Overlap between situations, original and transfer contexts are similar |
| Far |
Little overlap between situations, original and transfer settings are dissimilar |
| Positive |
What is learned in one context enhances learning in a different setting (+) |
| Negative |
What is learned in one context hinders or delays learning in a different setting (+) |
| Vertical |
Knowledge of a previous topic is essential to acquire new knowledge (++) |
| Horizontal |
Knowledge of a previous topic is not essential but helpful to learn a new topic (++) |
| Literal |
Intact knowledge transfers to new task |
| Figural |
Use some aspect of general knowledge to think or learn about a problem |
| Low Road |
Transfer of well-established skills in almost automatic fashion |
| High Road |
Transfer involves abstraction so conscious formulations of connections between contexts |
| High Road /Forward Reaching |
Abstracting situations from a learning context to a potential transfer context |
| High Road / Backward Reaching |
Abstracting in the transfer context features of a previous situation where new skills and knowledge were learned |