David A. Kolb's model of experiential learning can be found in many discussions of the theory and practice of adult education, informal education and lifelong learning. We set out the model, and examine its possibilities and problems.
Andrea diSessa's career as a scholar, technologist, and teacher has been driven by one important question: can education -- in particular, science education -- be transformed by the computer so that children can learn more,...
another title that comes up often in references. worth further reading
Computers and Talk in the Primary Classroom. Google Book so need to read online. Good chapters on the theoretical frameworks and research methodology for looking at the value and impact of ICT enabled learning.
The Institute for Knowledge Innovation and Technology conducts research, develops technology, and helps build communities aimed at advancing beyond "best practice" in education, knowledge work, and knowledge creation. An international community from a variety of sectors is actively engaged in pooling intellectual resources and participating in projects.
research object in a case study is often a program, an entity, a person, or a group of people. Each object is likely to be intricately connected to political, social, historical, and personal issues, providing wide ranging possibilities for questions and adding complexity to the case stud
Important: these points help to understand the way to move forward from the research question to methods of analysis to purpose of the case study.
review establishes what research has been previously conducted and leads to refined, insightful questions about the problem.
multiple cases, each case is treated as a single case
Careful discrimination at the point of selection also helps erect boundaries around the case.
selection process is to repeatedly refer back to the purpose of the study in order to focus attention on where to look for cases and evidence that will satisfy the purpose of the study and answer the research questions posed.
using multiple sources and techniques in the data gathering process.
Data gathered is normally largely qualitative, but it may also be quantitative. Tools to collect data can include surveys, interviews, documentation review, observation, and even the collection of physical artifacts.
reasons why the design of a case study needs to be thoroughly thought out in advance. It needs to survive both internal and external scrutiny
Construct validity requires the researcher to use the correct measures for the concepts being studied. Internal validity (especially important with explanatory or causal studies) demonstrates that certain conditions lead to other conditions and requires the use of multiple pieces of evidence from multiple sources to uncover convergent lines of inquiry. The researcher strives to establish a chain of evidence forward and backward. External validity reflects whether or not findings are generalizable beyond the immediate case or cases; the more variations in places, people, and procedures a case study can withstand and still yield the same findings, the more external validity.
arge amount of data from multiple sources, systematic organization of the data is important to prevent the researcher from becoming overwhelmed by the amount of data and to prevent the researcher from losing sight of the original research purpose and questions.
establish clear protocols and procedures in advance of investigator field work, and conduct a pilot study in advance of moving into the field in order to remove obvious barriers and problems.
time deadlines, formats for narrative reporting and field notes, guidelines for collection of documents, and guidelines for field procedures to be used.
select a pilot site and conduct a pilot test using each data gathering method so that problematic areas can be uncovered and corrected.
Need to check with Daniel if we need to do a pilot study as part of the assignment if we choose to do a case study
identify causal factors associated with the observed phenomenon.
flexible, but when changes are made, they are documented systematically.
Field notes record feelings and intuitive hunches, pose questions, and document the work in progress. They record testimonies, stories, and illustrations which can be used in later reports. They may warn of impending bias because of the detailed exposure of the client to special attention, or give an early signal that a pattern is emerging. They assist in determining whether or not the inquiry needs to be reformulated or redefined based on what is being observed. Field notes should be kept separate from the data being collected and stored for analysis.
Also worth noteing the instructions that Mac's gives for consultants in a similar procedure. These are much more detailed.
he researcher documents, classifies, and cross-references all evidence so that it can be efficiently recalled for sorting and examination over the course of the study.
find linkages between the research object and the outcomes with reference to the original research questions.
Researchers categorize, tabulate, and recombine data to address the initial propositions or purpose of the study, and conduct cross-checks of facts and discrepancies in accounts. Focused, short, repeat interviews may be necessary to gather additional data to verify key observations or check a fact.
how does this happen if there is only 1 researcher involved - eg dissertation
Researchers use the quantitative data that has been collected to corroborate and support the qualitative data which is most useful for understanding the rationale or theory underlying relationships. Another technique is to use multiple investigators to gain the advantage provided when a variety of perspectives and insights examine the data and the patterns.
the cross-case search for patterns, keeps investigators from reaching premature conclusions
transforms a complex issue into one that can be understood, allowing the reader to question and examine the study and reach an understanding independent of the researcher
document review audience include a journalist and some suggest that the documents should be reviewed by the participants in the study.
define the following questions for the study of the non-profit organizations providing information to the electronic community network
thanking all of the participants, stating the problem, listing the research questions, describing the methods used to conduct the research and any potential flaws in the method used, explaining the data gathering and analysis techniques used, and concluding with the answers to the questions and suggestions for further research.
specific stories related to the successes or disappointments experienced by the organizations that were conveyed during data collection, and answers or comments illuminating issues directly related to the research questions.
includes confirming and conflicting findings from literature reviews.
the coolest tool in web2.0. images, video, comment with video, sound or text. video doodle. use for classes... the possibilities seem endless. can embed into web pages!!