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Tobias Walther

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started by Tobias Walther on 27 May 12
  • Tobias Walther
     
    may result in increased risk not limited to fibrocystic
    changes, but additionally malignant transformation of normal mammary
    tissue contributing on the increase incidence of breast area cancer seen
    in younger AA women, and the overall increased mortality rate with
    this ethnic group.
    3. 5. Of significance,
    higher number of normal AA tissue samples expressed survivin
    protein as compared to normal CA samples (18% vs 5%, respectively).
    In the same way, all malignant samples (100%) with AA women
    expressed Bcl-XL protein as compared with 56% of tumor samples
    from CA women (Fig. 3C). Virtually no significant changes were diagnosed
    among AA and CA in Bcl-2 protein expression (Fig. 3D).
    As seen on Fig. 4A together with B, semi-quantitative analysis with survivin,
    Bcl-XL, and Bcl-2 protein levels (measured just by Western blot analysis
    and using cytokeratin 18 as an epithelial cell marker) showed significant
    increase in survivin levels in AAM whatsoever age groups [ER(+)
    and ER(_)] in comparison to AAN tissues, while it was only significantly
    increased in CAM samples from women with ER(_) tumors
    only. Bcl-XL expression was higher in AAM as compared to AAN,
    CA paired breast flesh samples
    To further confirm IGF-II along with the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2,
    Bcl-XL, and survivin differential expression shown by Western blot
    analysis, we proceeded to assess their expression by immunohistochemistry.
    As seen on Fig. 6A standard tissue samples from AA women
    expressed higher levels of IGF-II in comparison to their CA
    counterparts (Fig. 5I). In the same way Bcl-XL and survivin healthy proteins levels
    were higher inside tumor samples from AA females (Fig. 5 G and
    H) as compared to in CA tumor biological materials (Fig. 5 U and P). Please note that both
    tumor samples (AA together with CA) shown inside picture correspond to
    intrusive ductal carcinomas (Bloom and Richardson’s grade 3).
    IGF-II gene phrase in African-American and White paired breast tissue biological materials assessed by Real Time-PCR (RT-PCR). (A-C) shows IGF-II gene expression
    represented as fold change after normalization using GAPDH as an internal control. Two (2) or more fold change was considered significant (*). (A) shows IGF-II mRNA fold
    change between AAM and CAM for all samples. (B) illustrates IGF-II mRNA comparison between AAN and can for all samples, while (C) represents IGF-II mRNA fold change for
    AAN and CAN only in samples from women younger than 45 yrs . old. AAN = African-American normal tissue, AAM = African-American cancerous tissue, CAN = White
    normal tissue and CAM = Caucasian malignant tissue. Total number of people (n) analyzed per group was as follows: AAN = 23, AAM = 29, CAN = 20, together with CAM = 24.
    Although all women are potentially at risk of developing breast
    cancer, differences in such a heterogenous disease incidence and
    mortality rates among diverse ethnic populations claim that
    multiple etiologic factors are at play. The role of genetics and also the
    environment, cultural dynamics together with sociodemographic differences
    across populations dictate one more outcome: a more or less aggressive
    type in the disease. Our present study addresses the need of a
    more comprehensive molecular approach to better understand
    health disparities within breast cancer, by investigating IGF-II expression
    and precursor forms), and IGF-II siRNA on the expression of
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