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  #1 Green Flynn on 26 Jun 12

   

  A modern chart will be worked upon, not only looked at, and really should be readily give the graphic solution of navigational difficulties, such as length and route, or the resolution of placement with regards to latitude and longitude. While they are exactly like maps in many ways and it is controversial that a nautical chart is really a form of map, seasoned mariners never reference their charts as maps.
  
  For numerous centuries mariners have used some type of graphic portrayal of shores and ports, problems and safe waters, landmarks, along with other features to enable them to in safely guiding their ships, In earlier times, charts were not posted for popular use yet were often held secret for the personal benefit for the captain or navigator who had organized or ordered them.
  
  In the second century A.D., the fantastic astronomer and math wizzard Ptolemy erected a reputable chart of the then-known earth that displayed thousands of places by latitude and longitude. Regrettably, he based mostly the chart on the faulty measurements of an earlier Greek thinker who had believed the Earth's area to be much less than its actual size. Ptolemy was truly kept in high value, and his work-including this inaccurate chart-remained an ordinary for many centuries, at some point leading Columbus to trust he had hit the East Indies in 1492 as he had in fact not gone nearly far enough.
  The primary charts of the Middle Ages even now existing include the Portolan charts prepared in Spain in the fourteenth century. They may be remarkably precise in their depiction of the Mediterranean. In 1515, Leonardo da Vinci drew what has turn into a famous map of the planet. Gerardus Mercator is considered the dad of modern cartography because he used a scientific path to produces a globe chart that's in use today and possesses been the cornerstone for the majority of the chart making that has followed.
  
  Today, charts are produced in several ways for distinct uses by official gov departments that ensure standardization and reliability. These are continually being modified to make sure that the most precise and current details are there.
  Numerous special-purpose charts happen to be produced, for example pilot charts that include weather along with other information, tidal current charts, star charts, and so forth. Within the remainder of this phase, essential interest will be given to the more common sea charts, to help the projections upon which they're made, also to a navigator's use of them. Digital charts, which are quickly supplanting paper, will be covered over the following section.
  
  Basic testing will demonstrate that no critical element of a empty rubber ball could be spread flat without having some stretch or tearing. Conversely, a piece of tissue paper can not be spread out flat without some stretching or shredding. The lesser the part of the globe to become mapped, the less distortion present-conversely, the greater the area, the greater the distortion. The procedure of altering the rounded surface of the Earth to a flat surface is known as projection, a phrase that comes from the earliest cartographic procedures that involved actually projecting the attributes and associated coordinate system from one surface to the other. The confidence is that several so-called projections are now made from systematic and numerical procedures rather than the physical practice of projecting.
  
  marine charts

   

  <div class="cArrow"> </div><div class="cContentInner">A modern chart will be worked upon, not only looked at, and really should be readily give the graphic solution of navigational difficulties, such as length and route, or the resolution of placement with regards to latitude and longitude. While they are exactly like maps in many ways and it is controversial that a nautical chart is really a form of map, seasoned mariners never reference their charts as maps.<br /><br />For numerous centuries mariners have used some type of graphic portrayal of shores and ports, problems and safe waters, landmarks, along with other features to enable them to in safely guiding their ships, In earlier times, charts were not posted for popular use yet were often held secret for the personal benefit for the captain or navigator who had organized or ordered them.<br /><br />In the second century A.D., the fantastic astronomer and math wizzard Ptolemy erected a reputable chart of the then-known earth that displayed thousands of places by latitude and longitude. Regrettably, he based mostly the chart on the faulty measurements of an earlier Greek thinker who had believed the Earth's area to be much less than its actual size. Ptolemy was truly kept in high value, and his work-including this inaccurate chart-remained an ordinary for many centuries, at some point leading Columbus to trust he had hit the East Indies in 1492 as he had in fact not gone nearly far enough.<br />The primary charts of the Middle Ages even now existing include the Portolan charts prepared in Spain in the fourteenth century. They may be remarkably precise in their depiction of the Mediterranean. In 1515, Leonardo da Vinci drew what has turn into a famous map of the planet. Gerardus Mercator is considered the dad of modern cartography because he used a scientific path to produces a globe chart that's in use today and possesses been the cornerstone for the majority of the chart making that has followed.<br /><br />Today, charts are produced in several ways for distinct uses by official gov departments that ensure standardization and reliability. These are continually being modified to make sure that the most precise and current details are there.<br />Numerous special-purpose charts happen to be produced, for example pilot charts that include weather along with other information, tidal current charts, star charts, and so forth. Within the remainder of this phase, essential interest will be given to the more common sea charts, to help the projections upon which they're made, also to a navigator's use of them. Digital charts, which are quickly supplanting paper, will be covered over the following section.<br /><br />Basic testing will demonstrate that no critical element of a empty rubber ball could be spread flat without having some stretch or tearing. Conversely, a piece of tissue paper can not be spread out flat without some stretching or shredding. The lesser the part of the globe to become mapped, the less distortion present-conversely, the greater the area, the greater the distortion. The procedure of altering the rounded surface of the Earth to a flat surface is known as projection, a phrase that comes from the earliest cartographic procedures that involved actually projecting the attributes and associated coordinate system from one surface to the other. The confidence is that several so-called projections are now made from systematic and numerical procedures rather than the physical practice of projecting.<br /><br /><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.yellowpages.com/long-beach-ca/mip/safe-navigation-1312198">marine charts</a></div>

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